Examining Preference Heterogeneity in Best-Worst Scaling: Case of Preferences for Job Opportunities in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Communities in Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. ASGM Operations in Indonesia
3. Methodology
3.1. Survey Areas and Questionnaire Design
Suppose that a private company in collaboration with the local government establishes a food processing industry near the market of Kecamatan. The company is going to hire local people for food processing duty. Monthly payments are equivalent to those of the other companies in the same industry in Gorontalo Province, but you are expected to receive more compensation as you gain experience. Suppose that you receive a job opportunity in that company. If you decide to work there, you must work there as a full-time employee, meaning that you cannot work full-time for other enterprises. Which factors (attributes) do you think are the most important and least important in deciding to accept a new job opportunity?
3.2. Estimation Procedures
4. Estimation Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Attributes | Description |
---|---|
Environment | Contribution to better local environmental quality |
Frequency | Frequency of payments (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly) |
Friend | Your friends are working in the same company |
Health | Occupation-related health risk |
Job | Creating more job opportunities for society |
Reputation | Reputation of the company |
Skill | Obtaining new skills |
Variable | Sample Sizes | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min. | Max. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of household members (num.) | 91 | 4.308 | 1.872 | 1 | 9 | |
Household income | Total (per year, in million Rupiah) | 91 | 36.542 | 45.147 | 0 | 270.06 |
Per capita (per year, in million Rupiah) | 91 | 10.465 | 16.079 | 0 | 115 | |
Share of agricultural income | 88 | 0.195 | 0.340 | 0 | 1 | |
Share of mining income | 88 | 0.172 | 0.322 | 0 | 1 | |
Mining | Whether household has miner (1 = yes, 0 = no) | 91 | 0.286 | 0.454 | 0 | 1 |
Whether household head is miner (1 = yes, 0 = no) | 91 | 0.220 | 0.416 | 0 | 1 | |
Number of miners per household (num.) | 91 | 0.341 | 0.619 | 0 | 3 | |
Age (years) | 88 | 46.466 | 12.641 | 21 | 79 | |
Years of education (years) | 89 | 7.921 | 3.076 | 3 | 17 | |
Head’s demographics | Status of residency in the current place of residence (1 = living in the household except occasional trip, 0 = living outside from household) | 87 | 0.885 | 0.321 | 0 | 1 |
Duration of stay in the current residential place (1 = 10 years or more, 0 = less than 10 years) | 89 | 0.809 | 0.395 | 0 | 1 |
Factors | Coef. |
---|---|
Job | 1.388 *** |
(0.114) | |
Frequency | 1.046 *** |
(0.111) | |
Environment | 1.008 *** |
(0.111) | |
Health | 0.836 *** |
(0.110) | |
Skill | 0.756 *** |
(0.109) | |
Friend | 0.094 |
(0.107) | |
Log-likelihood | −1351.604 |
Number of Observations | 7164 |
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attributes | |||||
Environment | 1.462 *** | 1.856 *** | −0.035 | 2.136 *** | |
(0.399) | (0.428) | (0.222) | (0.278) | ||
Frequency | 0.620 | 4.461 *** | 0.005 | 1.950 *** | |
(0.438) | (0.744) | (0.229) | (0.291) | ||
Friend | −0.160 | −0.283 | 0.243 | 0.247 | |
(0.324) | (0.361) | (0.211) | (0.218) | ||
Health | 2.682 *** | 3.926 *** | −0.296 | 0.620 ** | |
(0.551) | (0.693) | (0.261) | (0.261) | ||
Job | 1.809 *** | 2.774 *** | 0.028 | 3.302 *** | |
(0.460) | (0.636) | (0.237) | (0.348) | ||
Skill | 1.299 *** | 0.444 | 0.732 *** | 1.038 *** | |
(0.371) | (0.345) | (0.237) | (0.250) | ||
Membership Function (reference = class 4) | |||||
constant | −0.602 | −0.828 | −0.283 | ||
(0.408) | (0.371) | (0.325) | |||
Membership Probability | |||||
0.200 | 0.160 | 0.275 | 0.365 | ||
Log-likelihood | −1225.222 | ||||
Number of Observations | 7164 |
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Komatsu, S.; Pongoliu, Y.I.D.; Sakakibara, M.; Ohdoko, T. Examining Preference Heterogeneity in Best-Worst Scaling: Case of Preferences for Job Opportunities in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Communities in Indonesia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010306
Komatsu S, Pongoliu YID, Sakakibara M, Ohdoko T. Examining Preference Heterogeneity in Best-Worst Scaling: Case of Preferences for Job Opportunities in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Communities in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(1):306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010306
Chicago/Turabian StyleKomatsu, Satoru, Yayu Isyana D. Pongoliu, Masayuki Sakakibara, and Taro Ohdoko. 2022. "Examining Preference Heterogeneity in Best-Worst Scaling: Case of Preferences for Job Opportunities in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Communities in Indonesia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1: 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010306