The Effects of Age and Body Fat Content on Post-Downhill Run Recovery Following Whole Body Cryotherapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To assess the overall impact of a single WBC treatment on recovery following a downhill run.
- To assess the impact of age and body fat content on recovery response to a single WBC treatment post-exercise.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Initial Trial
2.3. Second Trial
2.4. Third Trial
2.5. Assessment of Muscle Torque
2.6. Whole Body Cryotherapy Treatment
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. WBC vs. CON
3.1.1. Muscle Torque
3.1.2. Muscle Soreness
3.1.3. Creatine Kinase
3.1.4. Tympanic Temperature
3.1.5. Skin Temperature
3.1.6. VAS Wellbeing
3.2. Effect of Age and Body Fat
3.2.1. Muscle Torque
3.2.2. Other Variables
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Age and Body Fat Content
4.2. Potential Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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WBC (n = 26) | CON (n = 15) | OVERALL (n = 41) | T Test between WBC and CON | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 41.8 ± 15.5 | 42.3 ± 10.4 | 42.0 ± 13.7 | p = 0.93 |
Height (m) | 1.78 ± 0.09 | 1.75 ± 0.06 | 1.76 ± 0.08 | p = 0.21 |
Body mass (kg) | 74.9 ± 10.8 | 75.6 ± 11.1 | 75.2 ± 10.8 | p = 0.85 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 2.2 | 24.7 ± 2.9 | 24.1 ± 2.5 | p = 0.22 |
Body fat % | 18.8 ± 4.3 | 20.0 ± 4.9 | 19.2 ± 4.5 | p = 0.4 |
Absolute VO2 max (L/min) | 3.61 ± 0.55 | 3.53 ± 0.63 | 3.58 ± 0.57 | p = 0.67 |
Relative VO2 max (mL/min/kg) | 48.4 ± 5.1 | 46.8 ± 6.5 | 47.8 ± 5.6 | p = 0.32 |
Pre | Post-Run | 1 h Post | 24 h Post | ANOVA Time Effect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WBC | 83.8% ± 16.7 | 82.3% ± 16.0 | 85.5% ± 15.0 | 81.1% ± 20.2 | p = 0.06 |
CON | 78.9% ± 21.6 | 80.8% ± 18.4 | 81.2% ± 19.2 | 78.1% ± 16.9 | p = 0.44 |
Variable | WBC Age Group | Pre | Post-Run | 1 h Post (Post-WBC) | 24 h Post | p Value for Time × Group Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle Soreness | OLD | 8.7% ± 7.2 | 28.6% ± 16.6 | 21.6% ± 15.8 | 42.6% ± 21.4 | 0.68 |
YNG | 10.1% ± 10.7 | 40.2% ± 22.7 | 31.3% ± 14.1 | 49.5% ± 21.8 | ||
CK (UI/L) | OLD | 149.5 ± 106.2 | 142.6 ± 94.5 | 175.9 ± 119.7 | 351.0 ± 283.3 | 0.22 |
YNG | 177.0 ± 111.9 | 196.1 ± 124.7 | 212.7 ± 194.2 | 502.1 ± 349.1 | ||
Tympanic Temp | OLD | 36.4 °C ± 0.5 | 36.7 °C ± 0.6 | 36.1 °C ± 0.3 * | n/a | 0.17 |
YNG | 36.8 °C ± 0.4 | 36.8 °C ± 0.5 | 36.5 °C ± 0.4 * | n/a | ||
Skin Temp | OLD | 32.6 °C ± 0.6 | 32.2 °C ± 0.7 | 27.4 °C ± 1.7 | n/a | 0.21 |
YNG | 32.8 °C ± 0.6 | 33.3 °C ± 0.7 | 27.4 °C ± 1.4 | n/a | ||
VAS Wellbeing | OLD | 88.5% ± 16.1 | 84.8% ± 13.3 | 87.7% ± 13.4 | 82.6% ± 21.6 | 0.17 |
YNG | 85.7% ± 10.5 | 84.8% ± 11.8 | 88.9% ± 8.2 | 85.1% ± 9.5 |
Variable | WBC Body Fat Group | Pre | Post-Run | 1 h Post (Post-WBC) | 24 h Post | p Value for Time × Group Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle Soreness | HFAT | 9.1% ± 6.8 | 31.9% ± 16.7 | 24.8% ± 17.0 | 44.0% ± 22.0 | 0.78 |
LFAT | 12.25% ± 12.4 | 41.9% ± 20.8 | 34.1% ± 14.3 | 55.8% ± 17.2 | ||
CK (UI/L) | HFAT | 153.7 ± 103.3 | 147.1 ± 93.2 | 181.1 ± 118.3 | 391.2 ± 254.4 | 0.59 |
LFAT | 205.6 ± 131.4 | 233.7 ± 141.9 | 249.1 ± 234.2 | 588.3 ± 413.4 | ||
Tympanic Temp | HFAT | 36.5 °C ± 0.4 | 36.6 °C ± 0.6 | 36.2 °C ± 0.4 | n/a | 0.44 |
LFAT | 36.8 °C ± 0.4 | 36.7 °C ± 0.5 | 36.5 °C ± 0.4 | n/a | ||
Skin Temp | HFAT | 32.7 °C ± 0.7 | 32.4 °C ± 1.0 | 27.1 °C ± 2.0 | n/a | 0.6 |
LFAT | 32.9 °C ± 0.6 | 33.1 °C ± 0.7 | 27.3 °C ± 0.9 | n/a | ||
VAS Wellbeing | HFAT | 82.2% ± 22.8 | 80.7% ± 21.6 | 81.7% ± 21.9 | 79.9% ± 25.9 | 0.22 |
LFAT | 89.5% ± 9.4 | 80.8% ± 14.3 | 89.3% ± 9.6 | 80.1% ± 20.9 |
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Haq, A.; Ribbans, W.; Baross, A.W. The Effects of Age and Body Fat Content on Post-Downhill Run Recovery Following Whole Body Cryotherapy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062906
Haq A, Ribbans W, Baross AW. The Effects of Age and Body Fat Content on Post-Downhill Run Recovery Following Whole Body Cryotherapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(6):2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062906
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaq, Adnan, William Ribbans, and Anthony W. Baross. 2021. "The Effects of Age and Body Fat Content on Post-Downhill Run Recovery Following Whole Body Cryotherapy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062906