Effects of Exposure to Indoor Fine Particulate Matter on Atopic Dermatitis in Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants and AD Symptom Monitoring
2.2. Assessment of Indoor PM2.5 Exposure
2.3. Covariates
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of AD Patients and Household Environments
3.2. Exposure Assessment of Indoor PM2.5
3.3. Effects of PM2.5 on AD Symptoms
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Total |
---|---|
Sex (boys:girls) | 40:24 |
Age (yrs) | 4.5 ± 3.7 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 17.1 ± 2.4 |
SCORAD at enrollment | 33.2 ± 13.9 |
Total IgE (U/L) | 799.1 ± 1392.5 |
Sensitization, n (%) | 50/64 (78.1%) |
Food allergens ‡ | 47/64 (71.2%) |
Inhalant allergens § | 23/64 (46.0%) |
Presence of family allergic diseases, n (%) | 38/62 (61.3%) |
Use of air purifier, n (%) | 55/62 (88.7%) |
No. of record (person-days) | 9321 |
Presence of AD symptoms (%) | 49.3 |
Presence of fever (%) | 0.9 |
Use of TCS (%) | 53.3 |
Classification | Subgroups | Number (Person-Days) | Mean ± SD (µg/m3) | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|
All | 9321 | 28.7 ± 24.3 | ||
Season | Spring | 2093 | 28.0 ± 24.8 | - |
Summer | 2443 | 20.8 ± 15.0 | <0.0001 | |
Fall | 2781 | 22.9 ± 19.3 | <0.0001 | |
Winter | 2004 | 47.1 ± 29.6 | <0.0001 | |
Indoor RH | <40% | 2748 | 36.5 ± 28.1 | - |
40–60% | 5057 | 26.0 ± 23.3 | <0.0001 | |
≥60% | 1516 | 25.5 ± 21.7 | <0.0001 | |
Indoor temperature | <25.5 °C | 4570 | 35.4 ± 27.4 | <0.0001 |
≥25.5 °C | 4751 | 22.3 ± 18.7 | ||
Air purifier | (−) | 785 | 39.9 ± 28.2 | <0.0001 |
(+) | 8429 | 27.8 ± 23.7 |
Classification | Subgroups | Number (Person-Days) | Mean ± SD (µg/m3) | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|
All | 9321 | 28.7 ± 24.3 | ||
Sex | Boys | 6410 | 30.7 ± 25.2 | <0.0001 |
Girls | 2911 | 24.4 ± 21.6 | ||
Age | <6 yrs | 6924 | 28.6 ± 24.4 | 0.4362 |
≥6 yrs | 2397 | 29.1 ± 23.9 | ||
Family history of allergic diseases | (−) | 3474 | 25.8 ± 22.2 | <0.0001 |
(+) | 5740 | 30.7 ± 25.4 | ||
Inhalant allergen sensitization | (−) | 3501 | 28.2 ± 25.4 | 0.0026 |
(+) | 3908 | 30.0 ± 23.7 | ||
SCORAD at enrollment | <30.7 | 4624 | 28.4 ± 24.7 | - |
30.7–40.9 | 2269 | 29.6 ± 24.8 | 0.0525 | |
≥40.9 | 2428 | 26.7 ± 21.4 | 0.0003 | |
Inhalant allergen sensitization (+) PLUS SCORAD | <30.7 (median) | 2379 | 31.2 ± 24.5 | <0.0001 |
≥30.7 (median) | 1529 | 28.0 ± 22.3 |
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Kim, Y.-M.; Kim, J.; Ha, S.-C.; Ahn, K. Effects of Exposure to Indoor Fine Particulate Matter on Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111509
Kim Y-M, Kim J, Ha S-C, Ahn K. Effects of Exposure to Indoor Fine Particulate Matter on Atopic Dermatitis in Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111509
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Young-Min, Jihyun Kim, Seoung-Chul Ha, and Kangmo Ahn. 2021. "Effects of Exposure to Indoor Fine Particulate Matter on Atopic Dermatitis in Children" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111509