Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Study subjects were residents of the Russian Federation;
- Studies were conducted in Russia from 1991 to 2019;
- Women of reproductive age including non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating women, newborns and infants;
- WHO standardized guidelines for I status are were used; and
- Median UIC data was available.
- Animal studies;
- Insufficient data on sample collection/preparation/analysis;
- Review articles;
- Patients with diagnosed thyroid disease and/or other chronic diseases; and
- Patients treated with radioactive iodine isotopes viz. 123I, 124I, 125I, and 131I.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age
3.2. Pregnant Women
3.3. Pregnant Women without I Supplementation
- A decrease in median UIC throughout pregnancy reaching a minimum in the III trimester was described in—4 studies (Rostov, Cheboksary, Smolensk) [22];
- a decrease in median UIC in the second trimester with an increase in the third trimester. Median UIC values in the third trimester are almost equal to the values in the first trimester (Anapa, Ivanovo), or even exceed by more than 20% (Nizhnekamsk) [22]; and
3.4. Pregnant Women with I Supplementation
3.5. Nursing Women and Infants
- the other studies indicate that median UICs in newborns exceeded those measured in mothers by 2–3.5 times (e.g., in Amurs where the median UIC values in mother and child are 20 and 75 μg/L [36], respectively);
- of interest are the median UICs in mother-newborn pairs in the Vanino village where the values are 31 and 96 μg/L, respectively. For mothers, this median UIC level is much lower than that recommended and corresponds to a moderate severity of ID, while in newborns the median UIC is close to the recommended value;
- the lowest median UICs were observed in the Jewish Autonomous Region (Birobidzhan); 27 and 25 μg/L, for mother and infants, respectively [36]; and
- the highest median UICs were reported from the Kamchatka territory (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) reaching 155 and 190 μg/L, respectively, for mothers and children [36].
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Area of Residence | Data | Subjects | Median UIC (μg/L) | Analytical Method | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of Publication | Year of Sample Collection | |||||
Moscow region | ||||||
* | 2011 | 75 pregnant women on I trimester (aged 18–42 years) (using nutritional supplements) | 128 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [19] | |
* | 2010 | Initially 75 pregnant women | 128 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [20] | |
Group 1: 59 pregnant women receiving IS a 200 μg/day as KI | 124 | |||||
Group 2: 16 pregnant women receiving IS a 300 μg/day as KI | 196 | |||||
Nursing mothers from Group 1 | 118 | |||||
Nursing mothers from Group 2 | 82 | |||||
16 infants of mothers from Group 1 | 180 | |||||
7 infants of mothers from Group 2 | 200 | |||||
Ivanovo region | ||||||
Ivanovo city | 2005 | 84 pregnant women | 93 | [21] | ||
Ivanovo city | 2008 | 2001–2003 | 84 pregnant women aged 26 ± 4 years | Colorimetric | [22] | |
14 I trimester | 116 | |||||
25 II trimester | 82 | |||||
45 III trimester | 94 | |||||
Smolensk region | ||||||
Smolensk city | 2008 | 2004 | 150 pregnant women aged 25 ± 5 years | Colorimetric | [22] | |
50 I trimester | 93 | |||||
50 II trimester | 86 | |||||
50 III trimester | 51 | |||||
* | 2011 | 119 pregnant women on I trimester (aged 18–42 years) | 63 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [19] | |
(taken nutritional supplements) | ||||||
* | 2010 | Initially 119 pregnant women | 63 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [20] | |
Group 1: 50 pregnant women receiving IS a 200 μg/day as KI | 84 | |||||
Group 2: 69 pregnant women receiving IS a 300 μg/day as KI | 121 | |||||
Nursing mothers from Group 1 | 41 | |||||
Nursing mothers from Group 2 | 70 | |||||
22 infants of mothers from Group 1 | 174 | |||||
19 infants of mothers from Group 2 | 136 | |||||
Tatarstan republic | ||||||
2008 | 2003 | 180 pregnant women (aged 25 ± 5 years) | Colorimetric | [22] | ||
Al’met’evsk | 92 pregnant women: | 112 | ||||
(54.9 °N, 52.17 °E) | 13 I trimester | 102 | ||||
26 II trimester | 129 | |||||
53 III trimester | 110 | |||||
Nizhnekamsk | 88 pregnant women: | 164 | ||||
(55.63 °N, 51.82 °E) | 21 I trimester | 155 | ||||
36 II trimester | 148 | |||||
31 III trimester | 192 | |||||
* | 2005 | 182 pregnant women | 150 | [21] | ||
Kirov region | ||||||
Kirov city | 2005 | 2004 | 92 pregnant women (aged 26 ± 4 years) | Colorimetric | [22,23] | |
25 I trimester | 69 | |||||
32 II trimester | 87 | |||||
35 III trimester | 73 | |||||
* | 2004 | 92 pregnant women | 73 | [21] | ||
Nizhny Novgorod region | ||||||
* | 2011 | 220 pregnant women on I trimester (aged 18–42 years) | 141 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [19] | |
* | 2010 | Initially 220 pregnant women | 141 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [20] | |
Group 1: 111 pregnant women receiving IS a 200 μg/day as KI | 97 | |||||
Group 2: 109 pregnant women receiving IS a 300 μg/day as KI | 260 | |||||
Nursing mothers from Group 1 | 77 | |||||
Nursing mothers from Group 2 | 107 | |||||
99 infants of mothers from Group 1 | 110 | |||||
93 infants of mothers from Group 2 | 150 | |||||
Chuvash republic | ||||||
Cheboksary | 2007 | 98 pregnant women | 83 | [21] | ||
(56.12 °N, 47.23 °E) | ||||||
Novocheboksarsk | ||||||
(56.12 °N, 47.49 °E) | ||||||
Cheboksary | 2005 | 2003 | 96 pregnant women (aged 26 ± 6 years) | 83 | Colorimetric | [22,23] |
62 pregnant women | 83 | |||||
12 I trimester | 180 | |||||
23 II trimester | 94 | |||||
27 III trimester | 78 | |||||
Novocheboksarsk | 34 pregnant women | 77 | ||||
13 I trimester | 76 | |||||
10 II trimester | 84 | |||||
11 III trimester | 68 | |||||
Bashkortostan republic | ||||||
Ufa city | 2004 | 2000–2003 | Non-pregnant | 127 | Cerium-arsenite reaction b | [24] |
Pregnant women receiving IS a | ||||||
I trimester | 143 | |||||
II trimester | 120 | |||||
Saratov region | ||||||
Engel’s | 2010 | Group 1: 62 pregnant women | 115 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [25] | |
(51.46 °N, 46.12 °E) | Group 2: 54 pregnant women receiving IS a | 177 | ||||
Engel’s | 2010 | Group 1: a random of 106 pregnant women | 116 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [26] | |
Group 2: 90 pregnant women receiving IS a | 164 | |||||
* | 2003 | 123 pregnant women did not receive IS a | 33 | Cerium-arsenite reaction c | [27] | |
120 pregnant women who received IS a | 134 | |||||
St. Petersburg | ||||||
St. Petersburg city | 2017 | 2013-2015 | 184 pregnant women (aged 18-45 years) | 112 | Cerium-arsenite reaction d | [28] |
Tyumen region | ||||||
* | 2015 | 1999 | Pregnant women | 93 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [29] |
2009 | Pregnant women | 124 | ||||
Kabardino-Balkar republic | ||||||
Nalchik city | 2007 | Pregnant women | 67 | [21] | ||
Krasnodar territory | ||||||
Slavyansk-on-Kuban’ | 2005 | 2003 | 120 pregnant women (aged 26 ± 6 years) | Colorimetric | [22,23] | |
(45.26 °N, 38.12 °E) | 17 I trimester | 98 | ||||
Anapa | 46 II trimester | 91 | ||||
(44.89 °N, 37.32 °E) | 57 III trimester | 95 | ||||
sta. Kanevskaya | ||||||
(46.05 °N, 38.95 °E) | ||||||
* | 2005 | 121 pregnant women | 90 | [21] | ||
Astrakhan region | ||||||
Astrakhan city | 2010 | 2006-2009 | 68 pregnant women with IS a | 176 | Cerium-arsenite reaction e | [30] |
infants | 95 | |||||
I trimester | 63 | |||||
II trimester | 50 | |||||
III trimester | 27 | |||||
67 pregnant women in the III trimester without IS a | 49 | |||||
infants | 39 | |||||
Adygea republic | ||||||
Majkop | 2005 | 60 pregnant women | 84 | [21] | ||
(44.36 °N, 40.60 °E) | ||||||
Majkop | 2005 | 2005 | 60 pregnant women (aged 26 ± 5 years | 84 | Colorimetric | [22] |
32 pregnant women with IS a | 115 | |||||
28 pregnant women without IS a | 73 | |||||
Rostov region | ||||||
* | 2005 | 303 pregnant women | 95 | [21] | ||
* | 2005 | 2004 | 299 pregnant women (aged 25 ± 5 years) | 95 | Colorimetric | [22] |
55 I trimester | 104 | |||||
107 II trimester | 99 | |||||
137 III trimester | 95 | |||||
Novosibirsk region | ||||||
Novosibirsk city | 1994–1995 | 200 men and women (aged 25–34 years) | 47 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [31] | |
Tomsk region | ||||||
* | 2007 | 2003-2005 | 238 pregnant women (aged years 27) of whom received IS a | Potentiometric f | [32] | |
I trimester | 65 | |||||
II trimester | 96 | |||||
III trimester | 70 | |||||
30 pregnant women of the control group III trimester without IS a | 60 | |||||
Irkutsk region | ||||||
Irkutsk city | 2009 | Pregnant women | 48 | [33] | ||
Lactating women | 75 | |||||
Lactating women with thyroid goiter | 50 | |||||
* | 2002 | 150 pregnant women | 60 | Cerium-arsenite reaction | [34] | |
Zabaykalskyterritory | ||||||
* | 2011 | Pregnant women | 128 | [35] | ||
Khabarovsk territory | ||||||
Khabarovsk city | 2010 | Mother (25)- | 55 | Cerium-arsenite reaction g | [36] | |
(48.48 °N, 135.07 °E) | infant (25) pairs | 69 | ||||
Komsomol’sk-on- | Mother (30)– | 26 | ||||
Amur | infant (31) pairs | 64 | ||||
(50.55 °N, 137 °E) | Mother (19)- | 20 | ||||
Amursk | infant (17) pairs | 75 | ||||
(50.22 °N, 136.9 °E) | Mother (21)- | 75 | ||||
Nikolaevsk-on-Amur | infant (21) pairs | 86 | ||||
(53.15 °N, 140.73 °E) | Mother (19)- | 31 | ||||
s. Vanino | infant pairs (20) | 96 | ||||
(49.08 °N, 140.27 °E) | ||||||
Khabarovsk city | 2008 | 30 healthy women in the early postpartum period | 55 | Cerium-arsenite reaction g | [37] | |
and 22 non-pregnant women | 69 | |||||
Jewish Autonomous region | ||||||
Birobidzhan city | 2010 | Mother (20)- | 27 | Cerium-arsenite reaction g | [36] | |
infant (22) pairs | 25 | |||||
Sakha (Yakutiya) republic | ||||||
Neryungri | 2010 | Mother (23)- | 69 | Cerium-arsenite reaction g | [36] | |
(56.66 °N, 124.73 °E) | infant (23) pairs | 67 | ||||
Sakhalin region | ||||||
Oha | 2010 | Mother (26)- | 49 | Cerium-arsenite reaction g | [36] | |
(53.58 °N, 142.93 °E) | infant (24) pairs | 61 | ||||
Kamchatka territory | ||||||
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky city | 2010 | Mother (20)– | 155 | Cerium-arsenite reaction g | [36] | |
infant (23) pairs | 190 |
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Korobitsyna, R.; Aksenov, A.; Sorokina, T.; Trofimova, A.; Sobolev, N.; Grjibovski, A.M.; Chashchin, V.; Thomassen, Y. Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8346. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228346
Korobitsyna R, Aksenov A, Sorokina T, Trofimova A, Sobolev N, Grjibovski AM, Chashchin V, Thomassen Y. Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8346. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228346
Chicago/Turabian StyleKorobitsyna, Rimma, Andrey Aksenov, Tatiana Sorokina, Anna Trofimova, Nikita Sobolev, Andrej M Grjibovski, Valery Chashchin, and Yngvar Thomassen. 2020. "Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8346. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228346