Single-Vessel Plume Dispersion Simulation: Method and a Case Study Using CALPUFF in the Yantian Port Area, Shenzhen (China)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Data Source
2.1. Study Area and Object
2.2. Single-Vessel Diffusion Model
2.2.1. Meteorological Model
2.2.2. Automatic Identification System (AIS)-Based Vessel Emissions Inventories
2.2.3. Single Vessel Atmospheric Pollution Diffusion Model Based on CALPUFF
2.2.4. Correction of Plume Lifting Height Calculation
2.2.5. The Statistical Evaluation for the WRF and CALMET
2.3. Data Source
3. Case Studies and Results
3.1. The Statistical Evaluation for the WRF and CALMET Models
3.1.1. The Statistical Evaluation for the WRF
3.1.2. The Statistical Evaluation for the CALMET
3.2. Simulation of Single Ship Exhaust Pollutant Diffusion
3.2.1. Comparison of Simulation Results with Shore-Based Monitoring Data
3.2.2. Impact on the Atmospheric Environment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Physical Parameterization Scheme Setting | |
---|---|
Short wave radiation | Dudhia |
Land surface process | Noah |
Long wave radiation | RRTM |
Cumulus convection | Kain–Fritsch |
Microphysics | Lin |
Boundary layer | Yonsei University (YSU) |
Number | Vessel * | Quantity of Funnels | Funnel Height (m) | Average Exhaust Temperature (°C) | Quantity of Main Engine Funnels | Diameter of the Main Engine Funnel (m) | Quantity of Auxiliary Engine Funnels | Diameter of the Auxiliary Engine Funnel (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | G | 7 | 44.05 | 60 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1.1 |
2 | E | 7 | 44.04 | 400 | 1 | 2.866 | 5 | 0.71 |
3 | F | 7 | 38.8 | 320 | 1 | 2.1 | 4 | 0.6 |
4 | A | 6 | 46 | 350 | 2 | 2.44 | 2 | 1 |
5 | B | 2 | 34.69 | 370 | 1 | 3.2 | 1 | 3.2 |
6 | C | 8 | 39.04 | 200 | 1 | 1.38 | 4 | 0.98 |
7 | D | 7 | 31.7 | 225 | 1 | 1.712 | 4 | 0.508/0.68 |
8 | K | 6 | 33.7 | 157 | 1 | 2.2 | 4 | 0.5 |
9 | H | 1 | 33.68 | 110 | 1 | 2.6 | - | - |
10 | I | 3 | 38.8 | 250 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.6 |
11 | J | 1 | 39 | 47 | 1 | 2.2 | - | - |
Wind Speed | MB | COR | RMSE | IOA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beizaijiao (BZJ) wind speed | 2.18 | 0.58 | 2.35 | 0.83 |
Yantiangang (YTG) wind speed | 2.01 | 0.56 | 2.18 | 0.86 |
Shatoujiao (STJ) wind speed | 2.58 | 0.69 | 2.82 | 0.87 |
MB | COR | RMSE | IOA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | 1.83 | 0.46 | 2.02 | 0.91 |
Serial Number | Classification | Time | Vessel | Simulation (m/s) | Observation (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Simulation peaks occurrence was ahead of observation peaks | 24 June 2018 0:30–0:50 | A | 4.39 | 2.04 |
2 | 24 June 2018 14:30–14:50 | B | 4.10 | 3.89 | |
3 | 25 June 2018 0:25–0:55 | C | 5.10 | 4.13 | |
4 | 5 July 2018 1:30–2:00 | D | 2.09 | 1.19 | |
5 | 25 June 2018 8:05–8:35 | E | 5.67 | 3.62 | |
6 | 25 June 2018 21:20–21:40 | F | 1.15 | 1.30 | |
7 | 25 June 2018 0:25–0:45 | G | 5.10 | 3.89 | |
8 | Simulation peak occurrence was the same as the observation peak | 30 June 2018 14:30–14:59 | H | 2.26 | 2.89 |
9 | Simulation peaks occurrence lagged behind observation peaks | 29 June 2018 10:00–10:30 | I | 3.5 | 4.34 |
10 | 1 July 2018 8:50–9:20 | J | 2.10 | 3.18 | |
11 | 26 June 2018 4:30–4:59 | K | 1.15 | 2.39 |
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Bai, S.; Wen, Y.; He, L.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, Q.; Ma, W. Single-Vessel Plume Dispersion Simulation: Method and a Case Study Using CALPUFF in the Yantian Port Area, Shenzhen (China). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217831
Bai S, Wen Y, He L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Ma W. Single-Vessel Plume Dispersion Simulation: Method and a Case Study Using CALPUFF in the Yantian Port Area, Shenzhen (China). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):7831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217831
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Shubin, Yuanqiao Wen, Li He, Yiming Liu, Yan Zhang, Qi Yu, and Weichun Ma. 2020. "Single-Vessel Plume Dispersion Simulation: Method and a Case Study Using CALPUFF in the Yantian Port Area, Shenzhen (China)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217831