Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management of Public Transport Systems: A Population-Based Study after the 2017 Subway Fire in Hong Kong, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection
2.2. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subjects’ Characteristics
3.2. Daily Transport Utilization and Confidence in Transport Safety
3.3. Association Among Expressed Worry of Disaster/Incident Risk, Type of Transport Used and Socio-Demographic Factors
3.4. Association between Previous First-Aid Training and Fire Injury-Related Response Knowledge, and Willingness to Learn
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | Sampled Respondents (N = 1000) | HK 2016 Population By-Census Data (N = 6,506,130) | Sample vs. Census p-Value a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||
Gender | Male | 456 | 45.6% | 2,947,073 | 45.3% | 0.87 b |
Female | 544 | 54.4% | 3,559,057 | 54.7% | ||
Age | 15–24 | 129 | 12.9% | 785,981 | 12.1% | <0.01 |
25–44 | 283 | 28.3% | 2,228,566 | 34.3% | ||
45–64 | 377 | 37.7% | 2,328,430 | 35.8% | ||
≥65 | 210 | 21.0% | 1,163,153 | 17.9% | ||
Area of residence * | Hong Kong Island | 182 | 18.2% | 1,120,143 | 17.2% | 0.70 |
Kowloon | 300 | 30.0% | 1,987,380 | 30.6% | ||
New Territories | 517 | 51.8% | 3,397,499 | 52.2% | ||
Education attainment | Primary and below | 116 | 11.6% | 1,673,431 | 25.7% | <0.01 |
Secondary | 474 | 47.5% | 2,841,510 | 43.7% | ||
Post-secondary | 408 | 40.9% | 1,991,189 | 30.6% | ||
Marital status | Single | 439 | 44.2% | 2,708,709 | 41.6% | 0.11 b |
Married | 554 | 55.8% | 3,797,421 | 58.4% |
n | % | 1 Strongly Disagree | 2 Disagree | 3 Slightly Disagree | 4 Slightly Agree | 5 Agree | 6 Strongly Agree | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 996 | 100% | 1.4% | 2.0% | 14.1% | 22.6% | 38.9% | 21.1% | 4.59 | 1.11 |
Walk/cycle | 57 | 5.7% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 14.0% | 17.5% | 38.6% | 26.3% | 4.68 | 1.17 |
Subway | 437 | 43.9% | 1.4% | 0.7% | 12.4% | 20.8% | 41.0% | 23.8% | 4.71 | 1.07 |
Bus | 430 | 43.2% | 1.4% | 3.3% | 16.3% | 25.6% | 36.7% | 16.7% | 4.43 | 1.13 |
Private car | 46 | 4.6% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 8.7% | 19.6% | 32.6% | 34.8% | 4.83 | 1.20 |
Other modes | 26 | 2.6% | 0.0% | 3.8% | 15.4% | 19.2% | 50.0% | 11.5% | 4.50 | 1.03 |
Characteristics | I am Worried that Disaster/Incident will Occur on the Daily Transport I Take (n = 990) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage 1 Model | Stage 2 Model | ||||
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
Gender | Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 1.88 (1.44–2.46) | <0.01 | 1.92 (1.47–2.52) | <0.01 | |
Age | 15–24 | 1 | |||
25–44 | 1.33 (0.86–2.06) | 0.20 | |||
45–64 | 0.90 (0.58–1.37) | 0.61 | |||
≥65 | 1.24 (0.78–1.97) | 0.36 | |||
Area of residence | Hong Kong Island | 1 | |||
Kowloon | 0.92 (0.63–2.10) | 0.66 | |||
New Territories | 0.82 (0.58–1.16) | 0.26 | |||
Education | Primary or below | 1 | |||
Secondary | 0.91 (0.59–1.39) | 0.66 | |||
Post-secondary or above | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 0.92 | |||
Marital status | Single | 1 | 1 | ||
Married | 0.72 (0.55–0.93) | 0.01 | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) | 0.04 | |
Form of daily transport | Walk/cycle | 1 | |||
Subway | 0.79 (0.45–1.39) | 0.41 | |||
Bus | 0.76 (0.43–1.34) | 0.34 | |||
Private car | 0.63 (0.28–1.43) | 0.27 | |||
Others | 1.23 (0.48–3.14) | 0.67 | |||
Accept Comprehensive Social Security Assistance | No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 2.32 (1.23–4.38) | 0.01 | 2.51 (1.30–4.83) | 0.01 |
Characteristics | Did You ever Receive First-Aid Training? n = 997 | Willingness of Learning More about Community Disaster Preparedness n = 994 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage 1 Model | Stage 2 Model | Stage 1 Model | Stage 2 Model | ||||||
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
Gender | Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Female | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.27 | 1.48 (1.13–1.93) | <0.01 | 1.51 (0.80–2.81) | 0.20 | |||
Age | 15–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
25–44 | 1.41 (0.90–2.18) | 0.13 | 1.35 (0.87–2.11) | 0.18 | 1.53 (0.98–2.40) | 0.06 | 3.92 (0.95–16.09) | 0.06 | |
45–64 | 1.03 (0.67–1.58) | 0.9 | 1.29 (0.83–2.00) | 0.26 | 1.14 (0.75–1.74) | 0.55 | 1.08 (0.41–2.86) | 0.88 | |
≥65 | 0.57 (0.35–0.94) | 0.03 | 1.05 (0.61–1.79) | 0.87 | 0.78 (0.49–1.23) | 0.28 | 0.66 (0.23–1.91) | 0.45 | |
Area of residence | Hong Kong Island | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Kowloon | 1.04 (0.70–1.55) | 0.86 | 0.96 (0.65–1.41) | 0.83 | |||||
New Territories | 1.14 (0.79–1.64) | 0.48 | 1.15 (0.80–1.64) | 0.46 | |||||
Education | Primary or below | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Secondary | 3.96 (2.06–7.60) | <0.01 | 3.59 (1.83–7.07) | <0.01 | 1.40 (0.92–2.14) | 0.12 | 1.45 (0.64–3.30) | 0.38 | |
Post-secondary or above | 6.82 (3.55–13.08) | <0.01 | 5.97 (2.96–12.03) | <0.01 | 1.60 (1.04–2.46) | 0.03 | 2.37 (0.84–6.63) | 0.10 | |
Marital status | Single | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Married | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 0.64 | 0.85 (0.65–1.12) | 0.24 | |||||
Accept Comprehensive Social Security Assistance | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Yes | 0.42 (0.19–0.97) | 0.04 | 0.65 (0.27–1.52) | 0.32 | 1.08 (0.54–2.16) | 0.83 | |||
Worried about disaster/incident on the daily transport | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Yes | 1.08 (0.54–2.16) | 0.3 | 2.93 (2.14–4.00) | <0.01 | 4.36 (1.69–11.25) | <0.01 |
Fire Response Questions | Overall (n = 981) | Do not Know how to Deal with Fire in Transport (n = 627) | Know how to Deal with Fire in Transport (n = 354) | OR (95%CI) of Getting a Correct Answer (Know how to Deal with Fire vs. Do not Know) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect | Correct | ||
T1: Room temperature water | 53.0% | 47.0% | 52.7% | 47.3% | 53.3% | 46.7% | OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75–1.27, p = 0.86 |
T2: Fire blanket | 38.7% | 61.3% | 37.4% | 62.6% | 40.3% | 59.7% | OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.69–1.21, p = 0.52 |
T3: Fire Hose/ Extinguisher | 46.2% | 53.8% | 48.1% | 51.9% | 44.0% | 56.0% | OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.91–1.54, p = 0.22 |
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Chan, E.Y.Y.; Huang, Z.; Hung, K.K.C.; Chan, G.K.W.; Lam, H.C.Y.; Lo, E.S.K.; Yeung, M.P.S. Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management of Public Transport Systems: A Population-Based Study after the 2017 Subway Fire in Hong Kong, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020228
Chan EYY, Huang Z, Hung KKC, Chan GKW, Lam HCY, Lo ESK, Yeung MPS. Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management of Public Transport Systems: A Population-Based Study after the 2017 Subway Fire in Hong Kong, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(2):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020228
Chicago/Turabian StyleChan, Emily Ying Yang, Zhe Huang, Kevin Kei Ching Hung, Gloria Kwong Wai Chan, Holly Ching Yu Lam, Eugene Siu Kai Lo, and May Pui Shan Yeung. 2019. "Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management of Public Transport Systems: A Population-Based Study after the 2017 Subway Fire in Hong Kong, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020228