Investigation of the Synergistic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals on Aliivibrio fischeri in Major River Basins in South Korea

Baek, In-Hyuk; Kim, Youngjun; Baik, Seungyun; Kim, Jongwoon

doi:10.3390/ijerph16020208

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Investigation of the Synergistic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals on Aliivibrio fischeri in Major River Basins in South Korea

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Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Campus E 7.1, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany

Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Campus E 2.1, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany

Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seoul 02792, Korea

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Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020208

Received: 6 December 2018 / Revised: 2 January 2019 / Accepted: 10 January 2019 / Published: 13 January 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Exposure to Chemicals in the Environment)

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Abstract

This work introduces the potential synergistic toxicity of binary mixtures of pesticides and pharmaceuticals, which have been detected in substantial amounts in major river basins in South Korea. Different dose-response curve functions were employed in each experimental toxicity dataset for Aliivibrio fischeri. We tested the toxicity of 30 binary mixtures at two effect concentrations: high effect concentration [EC₅₀] and low effect concentration (EC₁₀) ranges. Thus, the toxicological interactions were evaluated at 60 effected concentration data points in total and based on model deviation ratios (MDRs) between predicted and observed toxicity values (e.g., three types of combined effects: synergistic (MDR > 2), additive (0.5 ≤ MDR ≤ 2), and antagonistic (MDR < 0.5)). From the 60 data points, MDRs could not be applied to 17 points, since their toxicities could not be measured. The result showed 48%-additive (n = 20), 40%-antagonistic (n = 17), and 12%-synergistic (n = 6) toxicity effects from 43 binaries (excluding the 17 combinations without MDRs). In this study, EC₁₀ ratio mixtures at a low overall effect range showed a general tendency to have more synergistic effects than the EC₅₀ ratio mixtures at a high effect range. We also found an inversion phenomenon, which detected three binaries of the combination of synergism at low concentrations and additive antagonism at high concentrations. View Full-Text

Keywords: mixture toxicity; concentration addition; pesticide; pharmaceuticals; Aliivibrio fischeri

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MDPI and ACS Style

Baek, I.-H.; Kim, Y.; Baik, S.; Kim, J. Investigation of the Synergistic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals on Aliivibrio fischeri in Major River Basins in South Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020208

AMA Style

Baek I-H, Kim Y, Baik S, Kim J. Investigation of the Synergistic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals on Aliivibrio fischeri in Major River Basins in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(2):208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020208

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baek, In-Hyuk, Youngjun Kim, Seungyun Baik, and Jongwoon Kim. 2019. "Investigation of the Synergistic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals on Aliivibrio fischeri in Major River Basins in South Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2: 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020208

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Investigation of the Synergistic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals on Aliivibrio fischeri in Major River Basins in South Korea

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