Molecular Characterization of Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria from Aquatic Environments in Buruli Ulcer Non-Endemic Areas in Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Aquatic Environmental Samples Collection
2.3. Molecular Characterization of Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Distribution of Mycobacteria in Aquatic Environment from Adiopodoumé
3.2. Distribution of Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria in Aquatic Environment from Adiopodoumé Using IS2404 Typing
3.3. Distribution of Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria in Aquatic Environment from Adiopodoumé Using ER Typing
3.4. Discrimination between Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria Species from the Adiopodoumé Aquatic Environment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Forward and Reverse Primer Sequences | Size of Amplicon (bp) | References |
---|---|---|---|
16S rRNA | PA: 5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′ MSHA: 5′-AAAAAGCGACAAACCTACGAG-3′ | 620 | [25] |
IS2404 Nested 1 | pGp1: 5′-AGGGCAGCGCGGTGATACGG-3′ pGp2: 5′-CAGTGGATTGGTGCCGATCGAG-3′ | 400 | [5] |
IS2404 Nested 2 | pGp3: 5′-GGCGCAGATCAACTTCGCGGT-3′ pGp4: 5′-CTGCGTGGTGCTTTACGCGC-3′ | 210 | [5] |
ER | LMF: 5′-GAGATCGGTCCCGACGTCTAC-3′ LMR: 5′-GGCTTGACTCATGTCACGTAAG-3′ | 420 | [10] |
Locus 6 | R-5′-GACATCGAAGAGGTGTGCCGTCT-3′ F-5′-GACCGTCATGTCGTTCGATCCTAGT-3′ | variable | [10] |
Locus 19 | R-5′-TGGCGACGATCGAGTCTC-3′ F-5′-CCGACGGATGAATCTGTAGGT-3′ | variable | [10] |
MIRU1 | R-5′-GCCCTCGGGAATGTGGTT-3′ F-5′-GCTGGTTCATGCGTGGAAG-3′ | variable | [10] |
ST1 | R-5′-CGCCACCCGCGGACACAGTCG-3′ F-5′-CTGAGGGGATTTCACGACCAG-3′ | variable | [10] |
Environmental Samples | 16S rRNA Positives (%) |
---|---|
Plant biofilms | 12/18 (66.7 a) |
Water filtrates | 12/12 (100 a) |
Plant detritus | 8/15 (53.3 a) |
Soils | 8/15 (53.3 a) |
Environmental Samples | IS2404 Positives (%) |
---|---|
Plant biofilms | 8/12 (66.7 a) |
Water filtrates | 6/12 (50 a) |
Plant detritus | 5/8 (62.5 a) |
Soils | 4/8 (50 a) |
Environmental Samples | ER-Positives (%) |
---|---|
Plant biofilms | 2/8 (25 a) |
Water filtrates | 2/6 (33.3 a) |
Plant detritus | 5/5 (100 a) |
Soils | 1/4 (25 a) |
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Tano, M.B.; Dassi, C.; Mosi, L.; Koussémon, M.; Bonfoh, B. Molecular Characterization of Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria from Aquatic Environments in Buruli Ulcer Non-Endemic Areas in Côte d’Ivoire. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020178
Tano MB, Dassi C, Mosi L, Koussémon M, Bonfoh B. Molecular Characterization of Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria from Aquatic Environments in Buruli Ulcer Non-Endemic Areas in Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(2):178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020178
Chicago/Turabian StyleTano, Marcellin B., Christelle Dassi, Lydia Mosi, Marina Koussémon, and Bassirou Bonfoh. 2017. "Molecular Characterization of Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria from Aquatic Environments in Buruli Ulcer Non-Endemic Areas in Côte d’Ivoire" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 2: 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020178