Kocuria flava, a Bacterial Endophyte of the Marine Macroalga Bryopsis plumosa, Emits 8-Nonenoic Acid Which Inhibits the Aquaculture Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Bioactivity Assays
2.2. VOC Identification
2.2.1. Testing Standards for Bioactivity against S. parasitica
2.2.2. 8-Nonenoic Acid Identification by GC Comparison
2.3. In Vitro 8-Nonenoic Acid Concentration Bioassay
2.4. In Vivo Influence of 8-Nonenoic Acid on Tilapia Eggs Challenged with S. parasitica
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Endophyte Isolation and Maintenance
4.2. Bioactivity Assays
4.3. VOC Identification
4.3.1. Testing Standards for Bioactivity against S. parasitica
4.3.2. 8-Nonenoic Acid Identification by GC Comparison
4.4. In Vitro 8-Nonenoic Acid Concentration Bioassay
4.5. In Vivo Influence of 8-Nonenoic Acid on Tilapia Eggs Challenged with S. parasitica
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Retention Time (Min) | Compound * | Family | Molecular Formula | Mass | Score | Height | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6.882 | Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl-_ | Phenol | C8H9NO2 | 151.1 | 79.12 | 1,321,307 | 53,113,398 |
9.488 | 2-Propyl-1-pentanol | Alcohol | C8H18O | 130.1 | 85.71 | 1,055,720 | 42,679,237 |
10.773 | 2-Nonanone | Ketone | C9H18O | 142.1 | 82.44 | 2,906,369 | 85,262,293 |
12.137 | 2-Decanone | Ketone | C10H20O | 156.2 | 75.06 | 1,167,692 | 33,491,708 |
12.383 | 8-Nonenoic acid | Fatty acid | C9H16O2 | 156.1 | 82.06 | 755,023 | 28,399,821 |
14.513 | 2-Undecanone | Ketone | C11H22O | 170.2 | 91.03 | 3,424,025 | 79,041,922 |
14.623 | 2-Undecanol | Alcohol | C11H24O | 172.2 | 83.82 | 1,391,479 | 44,357,455 |
15.716 | 2-Dodecanone | Ketone | C12H24O | 184.2 | 73.23 | 1,460,936 | 39,991,523 |
17.23 | 2-Tridecanone | Ketone | C13H26O | 198.2 | 88.75 | 1,502,874 | 36,978,277 |
19.379 | 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate | Ester | C16H30O4 | 286.2 | 83.7 | 2,495,851 | 73,829,637 |
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Deutsch, Y.; Samara, M.; Nasser, A.; Berman-Frank, I.; Ezra, D. Kocuria flava, a Bacterial Endophyte of the Marine Macroalga Bryopsis plumosa, Emits 8-Nonenoic Acid Which Inhibits the Aquaculture Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica. Mar. Drugs 2023, 21, 476. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21090476
Deutsch Y, Samara M, Nasser A, Berman-Frank I, Ezra D. Kocuria flava, a Bacterial Endophyte of the Marine Macroalga Bryopsis plumosa, Emits 8-Nonenoic Acid Which Inhibits the Aquaculture Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica. Marine Drugs. 2023; 21(9):476. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21090476
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeutsch, Ynon, Mohamed Samara, Ahmed Nasser, Ilana Berman-Frank, and David Ezra. 2023. "Kocuria flava, a Bacterial Endophyte of the Marine Macroalga Bryopsis plumosa, Emits 8-Nonenoic Acid Which Inhibits the Aquaculture Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica" Marine Drugs 21, no. 9: 476. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21090476