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Marine Drugs
Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/md15060178
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Article

Chondroitin Sulfate-Rich Extract of Skate Cartilage Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

by
Yeong Ok Song
1,†,
Mijeong Kim
1,†,
Minji Woo
1,
Jang-Mi Baek
2,
Keon-Hee Kang
2,
Sang-Ho Kim
2,
Seong-Soo Roh
3,
Chan Hum Park
4,
Kap-Seop Jeong
5 and
Jeong-Sook Noh
5,*
1
Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
2
Yeongsan Skate Co. Ltd., Busan 48531, Korea
3
College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea
4
Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 55365, Korea
5
Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Mar. Drugs 2017, 15(6), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/md15060178
Submission received: 11 May 2017 / Revised: 6 June 2017 / Accepted: 13 June 2017 / Published: 15 June 2017
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Abstract

The protective effects of a chondroitin sulfate-rich extract (CSE) from skate cartilage against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic damage were investigated, and its mechanism of action was compared with that of chondroitin sulfate (CS) from shark cartilage. ICR mice were orally administrated 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CS or 400 mg/kg BW of CSE for 3 consecutive days, followed by a one-time intraperitoneal injection of LPS (20 mg/kg BW). The experimental groups were vehicle treatment without LPS injection (NC group), vehicle treatment with LPS injection (LPS group), CS pretreatment with LPS injection (CS group), and CSE pretreatment with LPS injection (CSE group). Hepatic antioxidant enzyme expression levels in the CS and CSE groups were increased relative to those in the LPS group. In LPS-insulted hepatic tissue, inflammatory factors were augmented relative to those in the NC group, but were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with CS or CSE. Moreover, CS and CSE alleviated the LPS-induced apoptotic factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In addition, CS and CSE effectively decreased the serum lipid concentrations and downregulated hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins expression. In conclusion, the skate CSE could protect against LPS-induced hepatic dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, probably through the regulation of MAPK signaling.
Keywords: skate cartilage; chondroitin sulfate; inflammation; antioxidant enzyme; apoptosis; MAPK; SREBPs; lipopolysaccharide skate cartilage; chondroitin sulfate; inflammation; antioxidant enzyme; apoptosis; MAPK; SREBPs; lipopolysaccharide
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MDPI and ACS Style

Song, Y.O.; Kim, M.; Woo, M.; Baek, J.-M.; Kang, K.-H.; Kim, S.-H.; Roh, S.-S.; Park, C.H.; Jeong, K.-S.; Noh, J.-S. Chondroitin Sulfate-Rich Extract of Skate Cartilage Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15060178

AMA Style

Song YO, Kim M, Woo M, Baek J-M, Kang K-H, Kim S-H, Roh S-S, Park CH, Jeong K-S, Noh J-S. Chondroitin Sulfate-Rich Extract of Skate Cartilage Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. Marine Drugs. 2017; 15(6):178. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15060178

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Yeong Ok, Mijeong Kim, Minji Woo, Jang-Mi Baek, Keon-Hee Kang, Sang-Ho Kim, Seong-Soo Roh, Chan Hum Park, Kap-Seop Jeong, and Jeong-Sook Noh. 2017. "Chondroitin Sulfate-Rich Extract of Skate Cartilage Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage in Mice" Marine Drugs 15, no. 6: 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15060178

APA Style

Song, Y. O., Kim, M., Woo, M., Baek, J.-M., Kang, K.-H., Kim, S.-H., Roh, S.-S., Park, C. H., Jeong, K.-S., & Noh, J.-S. (2017). Chondroitin Sulfate-Rich Extract of Skate Cartilage Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. Marine Drugs, 15(6), 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15060178

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