Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing by Extracts from Aquatic Fungi: First Report from Marine Endophytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Sampling and Isolation
Strain ID. | Fungus Genus | Biological Source | Location |
---|---|---|---|
LAEE 01 | Cladosporium sp. | Amphimedon compressa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 02 | Aspergillus sp. | Amphimedon compressa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 03 | Curvularia sp. | Amphimedon compressa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 04 | Fusarium sp. | Agelas sp. | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 05 | Aspergillus sp. | Agelas sp. | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 06 | Sarocladium sp. | Agelas sp. | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 07 | Fusarium sp. | Aplysina sp. | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 08 | Acremonium sp. | Chondrilla sp. | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 09 | Fusarium sp. | Acropora palmata | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 10 | Acremonium sp. | Acropora palmata | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 11 | Acremonium sp. | Acropora palmata | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 12 | Fusarium sp. | Diploria clivosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 13 | Fusarium sp. | Diploria strigosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 14 | Epicoccum sp. | Diploria strigosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 15 | Trichoderma sp. | Diploria strigosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 16 | Aspergillus sp. | Diploria strigosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 17 | Fusarium sp. | Diploria strigosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 18 | Aspergillus sp. | Montastrea cavernosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 19 | Aspergillus sp. | Montastrea cavernosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 20 | Aspergillus sp. | Montastrea cavernosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 21 | Khuskia sp. | Plexaura flexuosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 22 | Cladosporium sp. | Plexaura flexuosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 23 | Trichoderma sp. | Plexaura flexuosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 24 | Monilia sp. | Plexaura flexuosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 25 | Acremonium sp. | Pseudoplexaura porosa | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 26 | Acremonium sp. | Pseudoterogorgia americana | Isla de Sacrificios |
LAEE 27 | Aspergillus sp. | Pseudoterogorgia americana | Isla de Sacrificios |
LAEE 28 | Alternaria sp. | Siderastrea siderea | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 29 | Aspergillus sp. | Siderastrea siderea | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 30 | Aspergillus sp. | Siderastrea siderea | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 31 | Fusarium sp. | Siderastrea siderea | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 32 | Aspergillus sp. | Siderastrea siderea | Arrecifes Blancas |
LAEE 33 | Fusarium sp. | Zoanthus sp. | Isla de Sacrificios |
LAEE 34 | Aspergillus sp. | Hypnea cervicornis | Isla de Sacrificios |
LAEE 35 | Monilia sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 36 | Ulocladium sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 37 | Stachybotrys sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 38 | Fusarium sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 39 | Fusarium sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 40 | Absidia sp. | Potamogeton sp. | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 41 | Paecilomyces sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 42 | Chaetomium sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 43 | Stemphylium sp. | Juncus sp. | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 44 | Penicillium sp. | Cladophora sp. | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 45 | Acremonium sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 46 | Aspergillus sp. | Sample from littoral zone | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 47 | Aspergillus sp. | Cladophora sp. | Laguna de Atexcac |
LAEE 48 | Fusarium sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 49 | Alternaria sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 50 | Fusarium sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 51 | Trichocladium sp. | Rhizosphereof Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 52 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 53 | Penicillium sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 54 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 55 | Fusarium sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 56 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 57 | Mucor sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 58 | Cladosporium sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 59 | Fusarium sp. | Rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 60 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Avicennia germinans | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 61 | Blastomyces sp. | Rhizosphere of Avicennia germinans | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 62 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Avicennia germinans | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 63 | Fusarium sp. | Rhizosphere of Avicennia germinans | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 64 | Fusarium sp. | Rhizosphere of Avicennia germinans | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 65 | Penicillium sp. | Rhizosphere of Avicennia germinans | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 66 | Acremonium sp. | Rhizosphere of Avicennia germinans | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 67 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 68 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 69 | Penicillium sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 70 | Acremonium sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 71 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 72 | Aspergillus sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 73 | Fusarium sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 74 | Paecilomyces sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
LAEE 75 | Paecilomyces sp. | Rhizosphere of Laguncularia racemosa | Manglar de Tuxpan |
2.2. Quorum Sensing Assays
2.3. ITS Phylogeny and Taxonomic Identification of the Isolates
2.4. Metabolic Profiles
Sample | RT (min) | Suggested MF | FM Database ID | Fungal Metabolites with This MF Included in the DNP |
---|---|---|---|---|
LAEE06C | 4.36 | C27H49O12P | Lysofungin (3) | |
4.76 | C33H43NO4 | Antibiotic GKK 1032A1 (2) | ||
5.04 | C33H45NO4 | Sespendole (1) | ||
5.39 | C18H30O2 | Linolenic acid | ||
6.64 | C18H35NO2 | Not found in the DNP | ||
LAEE13B | 0.90 | C10H13NO2 | Fusaric acid (4) | |
2.74 | C9H13NO | Not found in the DNP | ||
3.26 | C16H21NO4 | N-Acetyl-O-prenyltyrosine (7) | ||
4.02 | C13H16O3 | 5 coincidences in the DNP | ||
4.11 | C18H30O3 | 11-Oxo-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8) | ||
5.41 | C21H29NO4 | Trichosetin (5) | ||
6.39 | C44H55N3O9 | Beauvericin D (9) | ||
6.56 | C45H57N3O9 | Beauvericin (6) | ||
LAEE14B | 3.29 | C20H22N4O2 | Phenylahistin (12) | |
3.48 | C24H29N3O4 | Variecolorin N (13) | ||
3.76 | C23H32O7 | (E,E)-6-(6′,7′-dihydroxy-2′,4′-octadienoyl)-strobilactone A | ||
5.00 | C31H55N5O7 | Emericellamide A (10) | ||
5.74 | C15H20O3 | >50 coincidences in the DNP | ||
6.15 | C25H34O | Not found in the DNP | ||
6.53 | C18H32O2 | Linoleic acid | ||
LAEE21C | 2.38 | C10H16O4 | 13 coincidences in the DNP | |
3.08 | C15H22O4 | >50 coincidences in the DNP | ||
3.59 | C18H34O5 | Penicitide B (15) | ||
3.79 | C23H32O7 | (E,E)-6-(6′,7′-dihydroxy-2′,4′-octadienoyl)-strobilactone A | ||
4.06 | C17H14N2S | Not found in the DNP | ||
4.58 | C27H32O9 | Verrucarin B (14) | ||
5.04 | C31H55N5O7 | Emericellamide A (10) | ||
6.61 | C18H32O2 | Linoleic acid |
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Sampling and Isolation of Filamentous Fungi
4.1.1. Marine Endophytic Fungi
4.1.2. Root-Associated Fungi from Mangroves
4.1.3. Fungi from Saline Lakes
4.2. Small-Scale Fermentation and Preparation of Fungal Extracts
4.3. Quorum Sensing Inhibition
4.4. Statistics
4.5. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification and Sequencing
4.6. Phylogenetic Analysis
4.7. LC-HRMS Metabolic Profiling
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Martín-Rodríguez, A.J.; Reyes, F.; Martín, J.; Pérez-Yépez, J.; León-Barrios, M.; Couttolenc, A.; Espinoza, C.; Trigos, Á.; Martín, V.S.; Norte, M.; et al. Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing by Extracts from Aquatic Fungi: First Report from Marine Endophytes. Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 5503-5526. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12115503
Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Reyes F, Martín J, Pérez-Yépez J, León-Barrios M, Couttolenc A, Espinoza C, Trigos Á, Martín VS, Norte M, et al. Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing by Extracts from Aquatic Fungi: First Report from Marine Endophytes. Marine Drugs. 2014; 12(11):5503-5526. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12115503
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartín-Rodríguez, Alberto J., Fernando Reyes, Jesús Martín, Juan Pérez-Yépez, Milagros León-Barrios, Alan Couttolenc, César Espinoza, Ángel Trigos, Víctor S. Martín, Manuel Norte, and et al. 2014. "Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing by Extracts from Aquatic Fungi: First Report from Marine Endophytes" Marine Drugs 12, no. 11: 5503-5526. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12115503