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Article

BCG Vaccination Suppresses Glucose Intolerance Progression in High-Fat-Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice

1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara 903-0213, Japan
2
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2024, 60(6), 866; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060866
Submission received: 8 May 2024 / Revised: 22 May 2024 / Accepted: 23 May 2024 / Published: 25 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine administration has been suggested to prevent glucose metabolism abnormalities and fatty liver in genetically obese ob/ob mice; however, it is not clear whether the beneficial effects of BCG are also observed in the progression of glucose intolerance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Therefore, the effects of BCG vaccination on changes in glucose tolerance and insulin response were investigated in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods: We used the BCG Tokyo 172 strain to determine effects on abnormalities in glucose metabolism. For vaccination, five-week-old male mice were injected intraperitoneally with BCG and maintained on a HFD for three weeks. The mice were regularly subjected to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests (IGTTs and ITTs). These tests were also performed in mice transplanted with bone marrow cells from BCG-vaccinated donor mice. Results: Significant effects of BCG vaccination on blood glucose levels in the IGTTs and ITTs were observed from week 12 of the experiment. BCG vaccination significantly improved changes in fasting glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance indexes, and glucagon-to-insulin ratios in conjunction with the HFD at the end of the experiment. Significant inhibitory effects in the IGTTs and ITTs on glucose intolerance were also observed with transplantation with bone marrow cells derived from BCG-vaccinated donor mice. Conclusions: BCG vaccination significantly delayed glucose intolerance progression, suggesting a beneficial effect of BCG on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has also been suggested that the effects of BCG vaccination may be at least partially due to an immune memory (trained immunity) for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of the bone marrow.
Keywords: BCG; glucose intolerance; insulin resistance; trained immunity; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease BCG; glucose intolerance; insulin resistance; trained immunity; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Arakawa, H.; Inafuku, M. BCG Vaccination Suppresses Glucose Intolerance Progression in High-Fat-Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice. Medicina 2024, 60, 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060866

AMA Style

Arakawa H, Inafuku M. BCG Vaccination Suppresses Glucose Intolerance Progression in High-Fat-Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice. Medicina. 2024; 60(6):866. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060866

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arakawa, Haruna, and Masashi Inafuku. 2024. "BCG Vaccination Suppresses Glucose Intolerance Progression in High-Fat-Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice" Medicina 60, no. 6: 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060866

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