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Sensors
Volume 25
Issue 9
10.3390/s25092871
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Development and Validation in Porcine and Human Models of a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System for the Objective Assessment of Kidney Graft Viability

by
David Naranjo-Hernández
1,*,
Javier Reina-Tosina
1,
Laura M. Roa
1,
Gerardo Barbarov-Rostán
1,
Jorge Calvillo-Arbizu
1,
Alejandro Talaminos-Barroso
1,
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Valdivia
2 and
Rafael A. Medina-López
2
1
Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
2
Clinical Management Unit of Urology and Nephrology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(9), 2871; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092871
Submission received: 31 March 2025 / Revised: 28 April 2025 / Accepted: 29 April 2025 / Published: 2 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioimpedance Measurements and Microelectrodes)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This work presents an innovative bioimpedance spectroscopy device, developed as a support tool for decision-making during the evaluation of kidney viability for renal transplantation. Given the increasing demand for organs and the need to optimize donation criteria, the precise and objective assessment of renal graft functionality has become crucial. The device, based on a modular design and adapted to the surgical environment, uses a novel Cole model with a frequency-dependent membrane capacitance, which improves measurement accuracy and repeatability compared to conventional models. Adapting the device for operating room usege involved overcoming significant challenges, such as the need for sterilization and a visual, tactile and acoustic user interface that facilitates device usability. Optimizing the sensing stage has minimized the influence of measurement artifacts, which is crucial for obtaining accurate and representative measurements of renal tissue bioelectrical properties. In addition, a rigorous electrode sterilization protocol was designed, ensuring asepsis during the procedure. The results of tests on porcine renal models demonstrated the device’s ability to monitor pathophysiological changes associated with renal ischemia, with a notable improvement against measurement repeatability.
Keywords: bioimpedance spectroscopy; Cole model; kidney transplant; ischemia monitoring bioimpedance spectroscopy; Cole model; kidney transplant; ischemia monitoring

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MDPI and ACS Style

Naranjo-Hernández, D.; Reina-Tosina, J.; Roa, L.M.; Barbarov-Rostán, G.; Calvillo-Arbizu, J.; Talaminos-Barroso, A.; Pérez-Valdivia, M.Á.; Medina-López, R.A. Development and Validation in Porcine and Human Models of a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System for the Objective Assessment of Kidney Graft Viability. Sensors 2025, 25, 2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092871

AMA Style

Naranjo-Hernández D, Reina-Tosina J, Roa LM, Barbarov-Rostán G, Calvillo-Arbizu J, Talaminos-Barroso A, Pérez-Valdivia MÁ, Medina-López RA. Development and Validation in Porcine and Human Models of a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System for the Objective Assessment of Kidney Graft Viability. Sensors. 2025; 25(9):2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092871

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naranjo-Hernández, David, Javier Reina-Tosina, Laura M. Roa, Gerardo Barbarov-Rostán, Jorge Calvillo-Arbizu, Alejandro Talaminos-Barroso, Miguel Ángel Pérez-Valdivia, and Rafael A. Medina-López. 2025. "Development and Validation in Porcine and Human Models of a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System for the Objective Assessment of Kidney Graft Viability" Sensors 25, no. 9: 2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092871

APA Style

Naranjo-Hernández, D., Reina-Tosina, J., Roa, L. M., Barbarov-Rostán, G., Calvillo-Arbizu, J., Talaminos-Barroso, A., Pérez-Valdivia, M. Á., & Medina-López, R. A. (2025). Development and Validation in Porcine and Human Models of a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System for the Objective Assessment of Kidney Graft Viability. Sensors, 25(9), 2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092871

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