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10.3390/s25175361
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Development of a 96-Well Plate Dithiothreitol Method for the Colorimetric Determination of Nickel Ions in Water Samples

by
George N. Nikas
,
Maria Tarara
and
George Z. Tsogas
*
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(17), 5361; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175361
Submission received: 28 July 2025 / Revised: 22 August 2025 / Accepted: 27 August 2025 / Published: 29 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric Sensing Technologies for Food Safety and Environment Monitoring)
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Abstract

A new, simple, and accurate assay was developed for the colorimetric determination of nickel ions in 96-well plates. The proposed method utilized the color change immediately visible even to the naked eye during the reaction of Ni(II) ions with dithiothreitol molecules (DTT). The intensity of the color produced by the formation of the complex between nickel and dithiothreitol is linearly proportional to the concentration of the metal ions in an alkaline environment, at room temperature, and the detection was performed using a mobile phone as the detector. The proposed method had a good linear response between 0.05 and 0.75 mmol L−1 and a detection limit of 0.13 mmol L−1 and was successfully applied for the determination of Ni(II) in bottled and surface water samples.
Keywords: colorimetric determination; nickel ions; dithiothreitol; smartphone detection; water samples colorimetric determination; nickel ions; dithiothreitol; smartphone detection; water samples
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MDPI and ACS Style

Nikas, G.N.; Tarara, M.; Tsogas, G.Z. Development of a 96-Well Plate Dithiothreitol Method for the Colorimetric Determination of Nickel Ions in Water Samples. Sensors 2025, 25, 5361. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175361

AMA Style

Nikas GN, Tarara M, Tsogas GZ. Development of a 96-Well Plate Dithiothreitol Method for the Colorimetric Determination of Nickel Ions in Water Samples. Sensors. 2025; 25(17):5361. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175361

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikas, George N., Maria Tarara, and George Z. Tsogas. 2025. "Development of a 96-Well Plate Dithiothreitol Method for the Colorimetric Determination of Nickel Ions in Water Samples" Sensors 25, no. 17: 5361. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175361

APA Style

Nikas, G. N., Tarara, M., & Tsogas, G. Z. (2025). Development of a 96-Well Plate Dithiothreitol Method for the Colorimetric Determination of Nickel Ions in Water Samples. Sensors, 25(17), 5361. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175361

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