Short Time Correlation Analysis of Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Metal Deposition Using Coaxial Optical Monitoring
Institute on Laser and Information Technologies—Branch of the Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700 Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Ashutosh Tiwari, Geraint Jewell, Divya Tiwari and Michael Farnsworth
Sensors 2021, 21(24), 8402; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248402
Received: 22 November 2021
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Revised: 13 December 2021
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Accepted: 14 December 2021
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Published: 16 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing for In-Process Monitoring of High-Value Manufacturing Processes)
The development and improvement of monitoring and process control systems is one of the important ways of advancing laser metal deposition (LMD). The control of hydrodynamic, heat and mass transfer processes in LMD is extremely important, since these processes directly affect the crystallization of the melt and, accordingly, the microstructural properties and the overall quality of the synthesized part. In this article, the data of coaxial video monitoring of the LMD process were used to assess the features of melt dynamics. The obtained images were used to calculate the time dependences of the characteristics of the melt pool (MP) (temperature, width, length and area), which were further processed using the short-time correlation (STC) method. This approach made it possible to reveal local features of the joint behavior of the MP characteristics, and to analyze the nature of the melt dynamics. It was found that the behavior of the melt in the LMD is characterized by the presence of many time periods (patterns), during which it retains a certain ordered character. The features of behavior that are important from the point of view of process control systems design are noted. The approach used for the analysis of melt dynamics based on STC distributions of MP characteristics, as well as the method for determining the moments of pattern termination through the calculation of the correlation power, can be used in processing the results of online LMD diagnostics, as well as in process control systems.
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Keywords:
laser metal deposition; additive manufacturing; process monitoring; coaxial optical monitoring; high-speed imaging; melt pool behavior; short-time correlation; intermittency
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zavalov, Y.N.; Dubrov, A.V. Short Time Correlation Analysis of Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Metal Deposition Using Coaxial Optical Monitoring. Sensors 2021, 21, 8402. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248402
AMA Style
Zavalov YN, Dubrov AV. Short Time Correlation Analysis of Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Metal Deposition Using Coaxial Optical Monitoring. Sensors. 2021; 21(24):8402. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248402
Chicago/Turabian StyleZavalov, Yury N., and Alexander V. Dubrov. 2021. "Short Time Correlation Analysis of Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Metal Deposition Using Coaxial Optical Monitoring" Sensors 21, no. 24: 8402. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248402
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