Next Article in Journal
FOG Random Drift Signal Denoising Based on the Improved AR Model and Modified Sage-Husa Adaptive Kalman Filter
Next Article in Special Issue
CS2-Collector: A New Approach for Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Two-Dimensional Compressive Sensing
Previous Article in Journal
Multi-Section Sensing and Vibrotactile Perception for Walking Guide of Visually Impaired Person
Previous Article in Special Issue
Design of Miniaturized Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for WLAN Application
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
Journals
Sensors
Volume 16
Issue 7
10.3390/s16071076
sensors-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share announcement question_answer thumb_up
...
textsms
...
Article

Exploiting Outage and Error Probability of Cooperative Incremental Relaying in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

by
Hina Nasir
1,
Nadeem Javaid
2,*,
Muhammad Sher
1,
Umar Qasim
3,
Zahoor Ali Khan
4,5,
Nabil Alrajeh
6 and
Iftikhar Azim Niaz
2
1
Department of Computer Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
2
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
3
Cameron Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J8, Canada
4
Internetworking Program, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 4R2, Canada
5
Computer Information Science, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah 4114, United Arab Emirates
6
Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Dongkyun Kim and Houbing Song
Sensors 2016, 16(7), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071076
Received: 18 May 2016 / Revised: 22 June 2016 / Accepted: 1 July 2016 / Published: 12 July 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enabling the Move from Wireless Sensor Networks to Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems)
View Full-Text Download PDF
Browse Figures

Abstract

This paper embeds a bi-fold contribution for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs); performance analysis of incremental relaying in terms of outage and error probability, and based on the analysis proposition of two new cooperative routing protocols. Subject to the first contribution, a three step procedure is carried out; a system model is presented, the number of available relays are determined, and based on cooperative incremental retransmission methodology, closed-form expressions for outage and error probability are derived. Subject to the second contribution, Adaptive Cooperation in Energy (ACE) efficient depth based routing and Enhanced-ACE (E-ACE) are presented. In the proposed model, feedback mechanism indicates success or failure of data transmission. If direct transmission is successful, there is no need for relaying by cooperative relay nodes. In case of failure, all the available relays retransmit the data one by one till the desired signal quality is achieved at destination. Simulation results show that the ACE and E-ACE significantly improves network performance, i.e., throughput, when compared with other incremental relaying protocols like Cooperative Automatic Repeat reQuest (CARQ). E-ACE and ACE achieve 69% and 63% more throughput respectively as compared to CARQ in hard underwater environment. View Full-Text
Keywords: underwater wireless sensor network; incremental relaying; cooperative diversity; retransmission; automatic repeat request underwater wireless sensor network; incremental relaying; cooperative diversity; retransmission; automatic repeat request
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
SciFeed

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Nasir, H.; Javaid, N.; Sher, M.; Qasim, U.; Khan, Z.A.; Alrajeh, N.; Niaz, I.A. Exploiting Outage and Error Probability of Cooperative Incremental Relaying in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors 2016, 16, 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071076

AMA Style

Nasir H, Javaid N, Sher M, Qasim U, Khan ZA, Alrajeh N, Niaz IA. Exploiting Outage and Error Probability of Cooperative Incremental Relaying in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors. 2016; 16(7):1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071076

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasir, Hina, Nadeem Javaid, Muhammad Sher, Umar Qasim, Zahoor A. Khan, Nabil Alrajeh, and Iftikhar A. Niaz. 2016. "Exploiting Outage and Error Probability of Cooperative Incremental Relaying in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks" Sensors 16, no. 7: 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071076

Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

1
Back to TopTop