Fern Cave: A Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in the Interior Low Plateau Karst Region of Alabama in the Southeastern United States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ecological Classification of Troglobionts and Stygobionts
2.2. Cave Biosurveys
2.3. Literature and Museum Searches
3. Results
3.1. Terrestrial Fauna
3.2. Aquatic Fauna
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taxon | Authority | NatureServe Status | IUCN Red List | Federal Status | State Status | Historical | This Study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TROGLOBIONTS | |||||||
Phylum Arthropoda | |||||||
Class Arachnida | |||||||
Order Araneae | |||||||
Family Linyphiidae | |||||||
Phanetta subterranea | (Emerton, 1875) | G5 | na | X | |||
Family Nesticidae | |||||||
Nesticus barri | Gertsch, 1984 | G3 | na | X | X | ||
Family Zoropsidae | |||||||
Liocranoides unicolor | Keyserling, 1881 | GU | na | X | |||
Order Pseudoscorpiones | |||||||
Family Chernetidae | |||||||
Hesperochernes mirabilis | (Banks, 1895) | G5 | na | X | |||
Family Chthoniidae | |||||||
Tyrannochthonius torodei T,E | Muchmore, 1996 | G1 | na | X | X | ||
Family Neobisiidae | |||||||
Alabamocreagris mortis T,E | (Muchmore, 1969) | G1G2 | na | X | X | ||
Order Acari | |||||||
Family Rhagidiidae | |||||||
Unidentified genus and species | na | na | X | ||||
Class Collembola | |||||||
Order Entomobryomorpha | |||||||
Family Entomobryidae | |||||||
Pseudosinella hirsuta | (Delmare DeBoutteville, 1949) | G5 | na | X | X | ||
Pseudosinella spinosa | (Delmare DeBoutteville, 1949) | G5 | na | X | |||
Order Symphypleona | |||||||
Family Arrhopalitidae | |||||||
Pygmarrhopalites sp. | na | na | X | ||||
Class Diplura | |||||||
Order Rhabdura | |||||||
Family Campodeidae | |||||||
Litocampa valentinei | (Conde, 1949) | G3 | na | X | X | ||
Class Diplopoda | |||||||
Order Callipodida | |||||||
Family Abacionidae | |||||||
Tetracion jonesi | Hoffman, 1956 | G3G4 | na | X | |||
Order Chordeumatida | |||||||
Family Cleidogonidae | |||||||
Pseudotremia sp. | na | na | X | ||||
Family Trichopetalidae | |||||||
Scoterpes sp. | na | na | X | ||||
Order Polydesmida | |||||||
Family Xystomdesmidae | |||||||
Gyalostethus sp. nov. E | na | na | X | ||||
Class Insecta | |||||||
Order Coleoptera | |||||||
Family Carabidae | |||||||
Pseudanophthalmus sp. | na | na | X | ||||
Family Leiodidae | |||||||
Ptomaphagus hatchi | Jeannel, 1933 | G3 | na | X | X | ||
Family Staphylinidae | |||||||
Subfamily Pselaphinae | |||||||
Unidentified genus and species | na | na | X | ||||
Order Diptera | |||||||
Family Sphaeroceridae | |||||||
Spelobia tenebrarum | (Aldrich, 1897) | G5 | na | X | |||
STYGOBIONTS | |||||||
Phylum Platyhelminthes | |||||||
Class Turbellaria | |||||||
Order Tricladida | |||||||
Family Kenkiidae | |||||||
Sphalloplana percoeca | (Packard, 1879) | G5 | na | X | X | ||
Phylum Annelida | |||||||
Class Oligochaeta | |||||||
Order Branchiobdellida | |||||||
Family Branchiobdellidae | |||||||
Cambarincola sheltensis | Holt, 1973 | G1G2 | na | X | |||
Phylum Arthropoda | |||||||
Class Malacostraca | |||||||
Order Amphipoda | |||||||
Family Crangonyctidae | |||||||
Stygobromus sp. | na | na | X | ||||
Order Decapoda | |||||||
Family Atyidae | |||||||
Palaemonias alabamae | Smalley, 1961 | G2G3 | EN | LE | Priority 1 | X | |
Family Cambaridae | |||||||
Orconectes australis | (Rhoades, 1941) | G5 | LC | Priority 3 | X | X | |
Order Isopoda | |||||||
Family Asellidae | |||||||
Caecidotea bicrenata | (Steeves, 1963) | G5 | na | X | X | ||
Class Ostracoda | |||||||
Order Podocopida | |||||||
Family Entocytheridae | |||||||
Sagittocythere barri | (Hart and Hobbs, 1961) | G5 | na | X | |||
Phylum Chordata | |||||||
Class Actinopterygii | |||||||
Order Percopsiformes | |||||||
Family Amblyopsidae | |||||||
Typhlichthys subterraneus | Girard, 1859 | G4 | NT | Priority 3 | X | X |
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Niemiller, M.L.; Slay, M.E.; Inebnit, T.; Miller, B.; Tobin, B.; Cramphorn, B.; Hinkle, A.; Jones, B.D.; Mann, N.; Niemiller, K.D.K.; et al. Fern Cave: A Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in the Interior Low Plateau Karst Region of Alabama in the Southeastern United States. Diversity 2023, 15, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050633
Niemiller ML, Slay ME, Inebnit T, Miller B, Tobin B, Cramphorn B, Hinkle A, Jones BD, Mann N, Niemiller KDK, et al. Fern Cave: A Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in the Interior Low Plateau Karst Region of Alabama in the Southeastern United States. Diversity. 2023; 15(5):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050633
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiemiller, Matthew L., Michael E. Slay, Thomas Inebnit, Benjamin Miller, Benjamin Tobin, Brendan Cramphorn, Amata Hinkle, Bradley D. Jones, Nathaniel Mann, K. Denise Kendall Niemiller, and et al. 2023. "Fern Cave: A Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in the Interior Low Plateau Karst Region of Alabama in the Southeastern United States" Diversity 15, no. 5: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050633
APA StyleNiemiller, M. L., Slay, M. E., Inebnit, T., Miller, B., Tobin, B., Cramphorn, B., Hinkle, A., Jones, B. D., Mann, N., Niemiller, K. D. K., & Pitts, S. (2023). Fern Cave: A Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in the Interior Low Plateau Karst Region of Alabama in the Southeastern United States. Diversity, 15(5), 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050633