Expression Profiles of Genes Related to Development and Progression of Endometriosis and Their Association with Paraben and Benzophenone Exposure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of the Study Population and Urinary PB and BP Concentrations
2.2. Gene Expression Levels and Associations with PB and BP Concentrations
2.2.1. Markers of Cell Adhesion
2.2.2. Markers of Invasion, Migration, and Metastasis
2.2.3. Markers of Inflammation
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Study Population and Sample Collection
4.2. RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.3. Chemical Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Pathway | Gene | n | FD (%) | AE (%) | Mean | St. Dev. | Percentiles | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 50 | 75 | |||||||
Cell adhesion | ITGB2 | 33 | 100 | 98.0 | 2.37 | 5.71 | 0.42 | 0.85 | 2.26 |
CLDN7 | 33 | 100 | 98.0 | 1.59 | 2.72 | 0.56 | 0.95 | 1.62 | |
Invasion, migration and metastasis | MMP1 | 21 | 63.6 | 98.0 | 10.76 | 54.08 | n.e. | 0.03 | 0.31 |
MMP7 | 4 | 12.1 | 97.0 | 1.01 | 5.31 | n.e. | n.e. | n.e. | |
FUT8 | 11 | 33.3 | 98.0 | 0.73 | 2.89 | n.e. | n.e. | 0.01 | |
RRM2 | 33 | 100 | 96.0 | 2.79 | 9.27 | 0.51 | 0.91 | 1.59 | |
MDK | 14 | 43.4 | 100.0 | 0.29 | 0.94 | n.e. | n.e. | 0.02 | |
RHOB | 33 | 100 | 96.0 | 5.18 | 18.49 | 0.36 | 0.75 | 2.09 | |
SPRY2 | 21 | 63.6 | 91.0 | 0.42 | 0.72 | n.e. | 0.22 | 0.52 | |
Inflammation | IL1R2 | 4 | 12.1 | 98.0 | 3.18 | 10.99 | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.92 |
IL1RL1 | 27 | 81.8 | 98.0 | 0.30 | 1.19 | n.e. | n.e. | n.e. | |
IL6ST | 33 | 100 | 104.0 | 7.60 | 33.93 | 0.34 | 0.75 | 1.62 | |
NR3C1 | 30 | 90.9 | 99.0 | 12.08 | 57.29 | 0.11 | 0.53 | 2.16 | |
TNFRSF1B | 11 | 33.3 | 101.0 | 0.79 | 3.11 | n.e. | n.e. | n.e. | |
Angiogenesis | ANG | 33 | 100 | 96.0 | 2.71 | 7.76 | 0.49 | 0.88 | 1.98 |
ANGPT1 | 28 | 84.8 | 100.0 | 1.59 | 3.85 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 1.36 | |
sVEGFR-1 | 23 | 69.7 | 97.0 | 5.82 | 32.28 | n.e. | 0.07 | 0.20 | |
VEGFA | 23 | 69.7 | 101.0 | 1.05 | 1.19 | n.e. | 0.65 | 1.56 | |
Cell proliferation and hormonal stimulation | CYP19A1 | 5 | 15.2 | 102.0 | 2.22 | 12.01 | n.e. | n.e. | n.e. |
DUSP6 | 31 | 93.9 | 99.0 | 5.91 | 7.88 | 0.03 | 3.00 | 8.37 | |
ERα | 33 | 100 | 97.0 | 2.25 | 6.40 | 0.53 | 0.97 | 1.59 | |
PGR | 1 | 3.0 | 96.0 | 0.00 | 0.01 | n.e. | n.e. | n.e. | |
STAR | 28 | 84.8 | 94.0 | 8.34 | 27.11 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 2.38 |
ITGB2 | CLDN7 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | ||||
Parabens | |||||||||
MeP | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.004 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.026 | |
<39.26 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>39.26 ng/mL | 1.13 | 0.36 | 1.90 | 0.006 | 0.85 | 0.35 | 1.35 | 0.002 | |
EtP | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.013 | 0.08 | −0.06 | 0.21 | 0.260 | |
<4.51 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>4.51 ng/mL | 0.74 | −0.13 | 1.61 | 0.091 | −0.11 | −0.93 | 0.71 | 0.780 | |
PrP | 0.04 | −0.18 | 0.25 | 0.723 | 0.01 | −0.14 | 0.16 | 0.869 | |
<2.54 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>2.54 ng/mL | −0.01 | −0.95 | 0.93 | 0.986 | −0.22 | −0.86 | 0.42 | 0.478 | |
BuP | 0.17 | −0.19 | 0.53 | 0.343 | 0.15 | −0.05 | 0.35 | 0.135 | |
<0.14 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>0.14 ng/mL | 1.07 | 0.05 | 2.09 | 0.040 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 1.62 | 0.014 | |
ΣPBs | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.011 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.029 | |
<53.31 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>53.31 ng/mL | 0.85 | 0.01 | 1.70 | 0.049 | 0.67 | 0.11 | 1.23 | 0.022 | |
Benzophenones | |||||||||
BP-1 | 0.10 | −0.45 | 0.66 | 0.697 | −0.24 | −0.53 | 0.05 | 0.101 | |
<1.42 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>1.42 ng/mL | 0.70 | −0.39 | 1.78 | 0.848 | 0.06 | −0.76 | 0.88 | 0.882 | |
BP-3 | 0.04 | −0.38 | 0.46 | 0.848 | −0.16 | −0.38 | 0.06 | 0.150 | |
<2.53 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>2.53 ng/mL | 0.48 | −0.63 | 1.59 | 0.380 | −0.10 | −0.91 | 0.72 | 0.810 | |
4-OHBP | 0.06 | −0.65 | 0.76 | 0.870 | −0.13 | −0.52 | 0.25 | 0.482 | |
<0.73 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>0.73 ng/mL | −0.17 | −1.30 | 0.96 | 0.754 | 0.12 | −0.70 | 0.94 | 0.768 | |
ΣBPs | 0.07 | −0.55 | 0.70 | 0.809 | −0.28 | −0.61 | 0.04 | 0.079 | |
<7.43 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||
>7.43 ng/mL | 0.63 | −0.47 | 1.72 | 0.245 | −0.16 | −0.97 | 0.66 | 0.696 |
MMP1 | FUT8 | RRM2 | ||||||||||||
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | ||||||
Parabens | ||||||||||||||
MeP | 2.96 | 1.14 | 7.72 | 0.026 | 0.90 | 0.55 | 1.46 | 0.668 | 0.10 | −0.094 | 0.303 | 0.283 | ||
<39.26 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>39.26 ng/mL | 12.00 | 1.12 | 128.84 | 0.040 | 0.66 | 0.11 | 4.00 | 0.648 | 0.63 | −0.10 | 1.36 | 0.088 | ||
EtP | 1.27 | 0.83 | 1.95 | 0.277 | 1.17 | 0.77 | 1.76 | 0.466 | 0.09 | −0.72 | 0.26 | 0.252 | ||
<4.51 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>34.51 ng/mL | 3.75 | 0.54 | 26.05 | 0.181 | 3.75 | 0.54 | 26.05 | 0.181 | 0.41 | −0.36 | 1.18 | 0.280 | ||
PrP | 1.63 | 0.93 | 2.84 | 0.086 | 1.26 | 0.81 | 1.96 | 0.306 | 0.05 | −0.14 | 0.23 | 0.609 | ||
<2.54 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>2.54 ng/mL | 1.52 | 0.25 | 9.30 | 0.648 | 12.00 | 1.12 | 128.84 | 0.040 | 0.18 | −0.61 | 0.96 | 0.647 | ||
BuP | 1.46 | 0.73 | 2.19 | 0.285 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 1.35 | 0.262 | 0.03 | −0.23 | 0.29 | 0.827 | ||
<0.14 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>0.14 ng/mL | 5.00 | 0.70 | 35.50 | 0.108 | 1.17 | 0.19 | 7.12 | 0.867 | 0.71 | −0.34 | 1.75 | 0.174 | ||
ΣPBs | 2.68 | 0.09 | 6.59 | 0.031 | 0.93 | 0.56 | 1.52 | 0.760 | 0.10 | −0.11 | 0.32 | 0.317 | ||
<53.31 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>53.31 ng/mL | 12.00 | 1.12 | 128.84 | 0.040 | 0.66 | 0.11 | 4.00 | 0.648 | 0.33 | −0.45 | 1.10 | 0.387 | ||
Benzophenones | ||||||||||||||
BP-1 | 0.59 | 0.22 | 1.55 | 0.281 | 1.41 | 0.56 | 3.54 | 0.467 | 0.077 | −0.302 | 0.455 | 0.677 | ||
<1.42 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>1.42 ng/mL | 0.66 | 0.11 | 4.00 | 0.648 | 1.52 | 0.25 | 9.30 | 0.648 | 0.44 | −0.32 | 1.21 | 0.239 | ||
BP-3 | 1.23 | 0.63 | 2.39 | 0.542 | 1.06 | 0.54 | 2.09 | 0.872 | −0.13 | −0.42 | 0.15 | 0.343 | ||
<2.53 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>2.53 ng/mL | 1.52 | 0.25 | 9.30 | 0.648 | 3.75 | 0.54 | 26.045 | 0.181 | 0.40 | −0.67 | 1.48 | 0.443 | ||
4-OHBP | 1.86 | 0.55 | 6.34 | 0.322 | 1.476 | 0.475 | 4.583 | 0.501 | −0.13 | −0.604 | 0.352 | 0.587 | ||
<0.73 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>0.73 ng/mL | 1.52 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.648 | 1.52 | 0.25 | 9.30 | 0.648 | −0.44 | −1.20 | 0.32 | 0.243 | ||
ΣBPs | 1.22 | 0.02 | 0.88 | 0.036 | 1.29 | 0.47 | 3.58 | 0.620 | −0.07 | −0.50 | 0.35 | 0.725 | ||
<7.43 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>7.43 ng/mL | 0.66 | 0.11 | 4.00 | 0.648 | 1.52 | 0.25 | 9.30 | 0.648 | 0.55 | −0.51 | 1.61 | 0.289 | ||
MDK | RHOB | SPRY2 | ||||||||||||
OR | 95% CI | p-value | β | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | ||||||
Parabens | ||||||||||||||
MeP | 0.77 | 0.47 | 1.27 | 0.309 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.43 | 0.002 | 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.97 | 0.040 | ||
<39.26 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>39.26 ng/mL | 0.45 | 0.08 | 2.67 | 0.379 | 1.02 | 0.08 | 1.96 | 0.035 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 1.85 | 0.200 | ||
EtP | 0.88 | 0.60 | 1.31 | 0.529 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.022 | 0.89 | 0.60 | 1.30 | 0.535 | ||
<4.51 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>34.51 ng/mL | 1.00 | 0.18 | 5.68 | 1.000 | 0.30 | −0.76 | 1.35 | 0.565 | 1.46 | 0.26 | 8.05 | 0.665 | ||
PrP | 0.94 | 0.62 | 1.42 | 0.772 | 0.11 | −0.07 | 0.28 | 0.206 | 0.79 | 0.52 | 1.21 | 0.274 | ||
<2.54 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>2.54 ng/mL | 1.00 | 0.18 | 5.68 | 1.000 | −0.50 | −1.84 | 0.83 | 0.441 | 0.69 | 0.12 | 3.78 | 0.665 | ||
BuP | 0.72 | 0.38 | 1.36 | 0.308 | 0.40 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.010 | 0.63 | 0.34 | 1.16 | 0.137 | ||
<0.14 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>0.14 ng/mL | 0.75 | 0.13 | 4.29 | 0.746 | 1.68 | 0.56 | 2.79 | 0.005 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 2.50 | 0.346 | ||
ΣPBs | 0.76 | 0.45 | 1.27 | 0.293 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.45 | 0.002 | 0.51 | 0.26 | 0.98 | 0.044 | ||
<53.31 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>53.31 ng/mL | 0.45 | 0.08 | 2.67 | 0.379 | 1.11 | 0.19 | 2.03 | 0.021 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 1.85 | 0.200 | ||
Benzophenones | ||||||||||||||
BP-1 | 0.71 | 0.30 | 1.70 | 0.438 | −0.02 | −0.42 | 0.38 | 0.923 | 1.03 | 0.45 | 2.35 | 0.954 | ||
<1.42 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>1.42 ng/mL | 0.45 | 0.08 | 2.67 | 0.379 | 0.30 | −1.06 | 1.65 | 0.653 | 0.69 | 0.12 | 3.78 | 0.665 | ||
BP-3 | 0.83 | 0.43 | 1.58 | 0.567 | 0.03 | −0.36 | 0.42 | 0.865 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 1.61 | 0.572 | ||
<2.53 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>2.53 ng/mL | 2.22 | 0.38 | 13.18 | 0.379 | 0.85 | −0.45 | 2.15 | 0.187 | 1.46 | 0.26 | 8.05 | 0.665 | ||
4-OHBP | 0.44 | 0.13 | 1.53 | 0.197 | 0.234 | −0.267 | 0.735 | 0.340 | 0.70 | 0.24 | 2.05 | 0.510 | ||
<0.73 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>0.73 ng/mL | 1.00 | 0.18 | 5.68 | 1.000 | 0.04 | −1.32 | 1.40 | 0.947 | 0.69 | 0.12 | 3.78 | 0.665 | ||
ΣBPs | 0.82 | 0.31 | 2.15 | 0.689 | −0.01 | −0.44 | 0.42 | 0.957 | 0.98 | 0.38 | 2.51 | 0.967 | ||
<7.43 ng/mL | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||
>7.43 ng/mL | 0.45 | 0.08 | 2.67 | 0.379 | 0.85 | −0.34 | 2.04 | 0.151 | 0.69 | 0.12 | 3.78 | 0.665 |
IL1RL1 | IL6ST | NR3C1 | TNFRSF1B | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||||||||
Parabens | |||||||||||||||||||
MeP | −0.21 | −0.77 | 0.35 | 0.440 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 0.58 | 0.005 | 0.57 | 0.13 | 1.02 | 0.014 | 0.81 | 0.47 | 1.37 | 0.426 | |||
<39.26 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>39.26 ng/mL | 2.00 | −2.32 | 6.31 | 0.345 | 1.26 | 0.38 | 2.13 | 0.007 | 1.09 | −1.05 | 3.22 | 0.300 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 2.77 | 0.346 | |||
EtP | −0.12 | −0.58 | 0.33 | 0.575 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.008 | 0.30 | −0.07 | 0.67 | 0.107 | 0.99 | 0.65 | 1.49 | 0.950 | |||
<4.51 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>34.51 ng/mL | −1.32 | −3.31 | 0.67 | 0.179 | 0.25 | −0.80 | 1.31 | 0.620 | −0.42 | −2.61 | 1.77 | 0.692 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 6.53 | 1.000 | |||
PrP | −0.20 | −0.69 | 0.29 | 0.391 | 0.05 | −0.19 | 0.29 | 0.662 | 0.21 | −0.21 | 0.63 | 0.305 | 1.02 | 0.66 | 1.59 | 0.929 | |||
<2.54 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>2.54 ng/mL | −1.31 | −5.68 | 3.06 | 0.538 | −0.42 | −1.86 | 1.02 | 0.549 | −0.69 | −2.86 | 1.48 | 0.513 | 2.57 | 0.36 | 18.33 | 0.346 | |||
BuP | 0.43 | −0.20 | 1.06 | 0.165 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 0.73 | 0.002 | 0.74 | 0.27 | 1.21 | 0.004 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 1.18 | 0.101 | |||
<0.14 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>0.14 ng/mL | 3.91 | −0.08 | 7.91 | 0.055 | 1.71 | 0.49 | 2.94 | 0.008 | 2.61 | 0.78 | 4.44 | 0.007 | 0.30 | 0.04 | 2.17 | 0.232 | |||
ΣPBs | −0.25 | −0.83 | 0.33 | 0.379 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.60 | 0.004 | 0.60 | 0.14 | 1.05 | 0.013 | 0.78 | 0.45 | 1.36 | 0.379 | |||
<53.31 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>53.31 ng/mL | 2.29 | −1.99 | 6.57 | 0.278 | 1.27 | 0.40 | 2.14 | 0.006 | 1.26 | −0.85 | 3.37 | 0.225 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 2.77 | 0.346 | |||
Benzophenones | |||||||||||||||||||
BP-1 | −0.13 | −1.19 | 0.93 | 0.797 | −0.03 | −0.50 | 0.44 | 0.886 | −0.33 | −1.26 | 0.59 | 0.459 | 0.58 | 0.21 | 1.62 | 0.298 | |||
<1.42 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>1.42 ng/mL | −1.39 | −4.97 | 2.19 | 0.425 | 0.32 | −1.13 | 1.77 | 0.649 | −1.18 | −4.74 | 2.39 | 0.499 | 2.57 | 0.36 | 18.33 | 0.346 | |||
BP-3 | −0.17 | −1.10 | 0.77 | 0.714 | −0.03 | −0.42 | 0.36 | 0.862 | 0.31 | −0.48 | 1.09 | 0.428 | 10.09 | 1.34 | 76.29 | 0.025 | |||
<2.53 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>2.53 ng/mL | 2.31 | −2.45 | 7.06 | 0.324 | 0.60 | −0.83 | 2.03 | 0.389 | 2.15 | −1.32 | 5.62 | 0.211 | 11.00 | 1.05 | 120.40 | 0.049 | |||
4-OHBP | 2.23 | −0.57 | 5.03 | 0.112 | −0.04 | −0.69 | 0.61 | 0.895 | 0.31 | −0.78 | 1.40 | 0.555 | 1.58 | 0.48 | 5.17 | 0.452 | |||
<0.73 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>0.73 ng/mL | 4.71 | 0.36 | 9.06 | 0.035 | 0.17 | −1.29 | 1.62 | 0.810 | 1.87 | −1.63 | 5.38 | 0.278 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 6.53 | 1.000 | |||
ΣBPs | −0.15 | −1.46 | 1.16 | 0.812 | −0.13 | −0.64 | 0.38 | 0.593 | −0.35 | −1.57 | 0.87 | 0.558 | 14.15 | 1.27 | 157.40 | 0.031 | |||
<7.43 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>7.43 ng/mL | 1.87 | −1.67 | 5.42 | 0.281 | 0.40 | −1.04 | 1.84 | 0.569 | 0.54 | −1.65 | 2.71 | 0.614 | 8.33 | 0.78 | 89.47 | 0.080 |
ANG | ANGPT1 | sVEFGR-1 | VEGFA | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||||||||
Parabens | |||||||||||||||||||
MeP | 0.22 | −0.01 | 0.46 | 0.062 | 0.49 | 0.18 | 0.81 | 0.004 | 1.53 | 0.87 | 2.67 | 0.139 | 0.88 | 0.53 | 1.44 | 0.602 | |||
<39.26 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>39.26 ng/mL | 0.99 | 0.14 | 1.84 | 0.025 | 1.62 | 0.27 | 2.97 | 0.021 | 2.22 | 0.38 | 13.18 | 0.379 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 6.53 | 1.000 | |||
EtP | 0.15 | −0.05 | 0.35 | 0.141 | 0.22 | −0.10 | 0.55 | 0.160 | 1.14 | 0.77 | 1.69 | 0.508 | 0.82 | 0.53 | 1.27 | 0.369 | |||
<4.51 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>34.51 ng/mL | 0.35 | −0.85 | 1.55 | 0.549 | 0.15 | −1.43 | 1.73 | 0.842 | 2.22 | 0.38 | 13.18 | 0.379 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 1.29 | 0.080 | |||
PrP | 0.14 | −0.08 | 0.35 | 0.201 | 0.26 | −0.09 | 0.60 | 0.132 | 1.86 | 1.01 | 3.40 | 0.045 | 0.85 | 0.54 | 1.33 | 0.465 | |||
<2.54 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>2.54 ng/mL | 0.21 | −1.00 | 1.41 | 0.722 | 0.38 | −1.19 | 1.95 | 0.620 | 5.40 | 0.78 | 37.51 | 0.088 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 2.77 | 0.346 | |||
BuP | 0.24 | −0.02 | 0.51 | 0.071 | −0.25 | −1.81 | 1.30 | 0.736 | 1.15 | 0.64 | 2.073 | 0.650 | 0.95 | 0.51 | 1.75 | 0.865 | |||
<0.14 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>0.14 ng/mL | 0.94 | −0.20 | 2.07 | 0.100 | −2.04 | −6.69 | 2.61 | 0.371 | 7.50 | 1.04 | 54.12 | 0.046 | 0.50 | 0.07 | 3.55 | 0.488 | |||
ΣPBs | 0.23 | −0.01 | 0.48 | 0.063 | 0.51 | 0.19 | 0.84 | 0.004 | 1.54 | 0.87 | 2.74 | 0.140 | 0.89 | 0.53 | 1.49 | 0.664 | |||
<53.31 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>53.31 ng/mL | 0.58 | −0.60 | 1.76 | 0.320 | 1.78 | 0.49 | 3.07 | 0.010 | 2.22 | 0.38 | 13.18 | 0.379 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 6.53 | 1.000 | |||
Benzophenones | |||||||||||||||||||
BP-1 | 0.05 | −0.42 | 0.52 | 0.837 | −0.55 | −1.23 | 0.13 | 0.103 | 1.08 | 0.46 | 2.52 | 0.865 | 0.67 | 0.25 | 1.78 | 0.419 | |||
<1.42 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>1.42 ng/mL | 0.68 | 0.48 | 1.84 | 0.240 | 0.48 | −4.25 | 5.20 | 0.836 | 2.22 | 0.38 | 13.18 | 0.379 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 1.29 | 0.080 | |||
BP-3 | 0.03 | −0.32 | 0.39 | 0.843 | 0.05 | −0.60 | 0.70 | 0.879 | 0.76 | 0.37 | 1.56 | 0.453 | 0.55 | 0.22 | 1.41 | 0.215 | |||
<2.53 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>2.53 ng/mL | 0.79 | −0.36 | 1.94 | 0.169 | 0.53 | −1.03 | 2.09 | 0.482 | 2.22 | 0.38 | 13.18 | 0.379 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 1.29 | 0.080 | |||
4-OHBP | −0.25 | −0.83 | 0.34 | 0.388 | −0.15 | −1.18 | 0.89 | 0.767 | 1.47 | 0.48 | 4.55 | 0.501 | 1.16 | 0.35 | 3.77 | 0.810 | |||
<0.73 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>0.73 ng/mL | −0.16 | −1.37 | 1.04 | 0.779 | −0.03 | −1.62 | 1.55 | 0.964 | 2.22 | 0.38 | 13.18 | 0.379 | 2.57 | 0.36 | 18.33 | 0.346 | |||
ΣBPs | 0.03 | −0.49 | 0.56 | 0.894 | −0.43 | −1.30 | 0.45 | 0.316 | 0.80 | 0.30 | 2.13 | 0.654 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 1.63 | 0.250 | |||
<7.43 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |||||||
>7.43 ng/mL | 0.47 | −0.72 | 1.66 | 0.421 | 0.83 | −2.55 | 4.20 | 0.613 | 1.00 | 0.18 | 5.68 | 1.000 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 2.77 | 0.346 |
DUSP6 | ERα | STAR | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | β | 95% CI | p-Value | ||||||
Parabens | ||||||||||||||
MeP | −0.90 | −1.49 | −0.30 | 0.005 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.31 | 0.015 | −1.35 | −2.908 | 0.21 | 0.086 | ||
<39.26 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>39.26 ng/mL | −3.13 | −6.99 | 0.73 | 0.106 | 0.78 | 0.30 | 1.26 | 0.003 | −5.64 | −11.08 | −0.20 | 0.043 | ||
EtP | 0.01 | −0.63 | 0.65 | 0.968 | 0.10 | −0.11 | 0.21 | 0.074 | −0.51 | −1.84 | 0.83 | 0.437 | ||
<4.51 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>34.51 ng/mL | −1.74 | −6.52 | 3.03 | 0.450 | 0.29 | −0.31 | 0.87 | 0.325 | 0.02 | −6.02 | 6.06 | 0.994 | ||
PrP | 0.16 | −0.56 | 0.89 | 0.640 | 0.06 | −0.08 | 0.19 | 0.406 | −0.07 | −1.31 | 1.16 | 0.902 | ||
<2.54 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>2.54 ng/mL | −1.38 | −6.18 | 3.42 | 0.560 | 0.05 | −0.56 | 0.65 | 0.871 | 0.38 | −5.66 | 6.42 | 0.898 | ||
BuP | −0.49 | −1.65 | 0.68 | 0.391 | 0.16 | −0.02 | 0.35 | 0.076 | 0.57 | −1.25 | 2.39 | 0.520 | ||
<0.14 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>0.14 ng/mL | −3.01 | −7.67 | 1.64 | 0.192 | 0.70 | 0.19 | 1.20 | 0.009 | 1.50 | −4.53 | 7.52 | 0.610 | ||
ΣPBs | −0.83 | −1.46 | −0.19 | 0.014 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.011 | −1.28 | −2.82 | 0.27 | 0.100 | ||
<53.31 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>53.31 ng/mL | 1.37 | −8.24 | 0.81 | 0.102 | 0.39 | 0.21 | 1.21 | 0.008 | −3.47 | −9.29 | 2.35 | 0.228 | ||
Benzophenones | ||||||||||||||
BP-1 | 0.97 | −0.28 | 2.21 | 0.122 | −0.09 | −0.35 | 0.17 | 0.463 | 2.94 | 0.38 | 5.50 | 0.027 | ||
<1.42 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>1.42 ng/mL | 1.37 | −3.43 | 6.18 | 0.558 | 0.39 | −0.50 | 1.29 | 0.372 | 4.20 | −1.51 | 9.92 | 0.140 | ||
BP-3 | 0.17 | −0.85 | 1.18 | 0.737 | −0.12 | −0.33 | 0.10 | 0.262 | 0.41 | −1.68 | 2.51 | 0.683 | ||
<2.53 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>2.53 ng/mL | −0.05 | −4.90 | 4.79 | 0.982 | −0.01 | −0.92 | 0.91 | 0.988 | 2.45 | −3.49 | 8.38 | 0.400 | ||
4-OHBP | −0.30 | −2.00 | 1.40 | 0.713 | 0.02 | −0.35 | 0.39 | 0.923 | 2.53 | −0.92 | 5.98 | 0.141 | ||
<0.73 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>0.73 ng/mL | −0.47 | −5.31 | 4.37 | 0.841 | −0.01 | −0.62 | 0.60 | 0.971 | 5.94 | 0.94 | 10.93 | 0.022 | ||
ΣBPs | 0.85 | −0.60 | 2.29 | 0.234 | −0.17 | −0.49 | 0.15 | 0.273 | 2.10 | −0.84 | 5.03 | 0.151 | ||
<7.43 ng/mL | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | |||||
>7.43 ng/mL | −0.58 | −5.41 | 4.26 | 0.807 | 0.09 | −0.82 | 1.01 | 0.832 | 4.61 | −0.70 | 9.92 | 0.085 |
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Peinado, F.M.; Olivas-Martínez, A.; Lendínez, I.; Iribarne-Durán, L.M.; León, J.; Fernández, M.F.; Sotelo, R.; Vela-Soria, F.; Olea, N.; Freire, C.; et al. Expression Profiles of Genes Related to Development and Progression of Endometriosis and Their Association with Paraben and Benzophenone Exposure. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 16678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316678
Peinado FM, Olivas-Martínez A, Lendínez I, Iribarne-Durán LM, León J, Fernández MF, Sotelo R, Vela-Soria F, Olea N, Freire C, et al. Expression Profiles of Genes Related to Development and Progression of Endometriosis and Their Association with Paraben and Benzophenone Exposure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(23):16678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316678
Chicago/Turabian StylePeinado, Francisco M., Alicia Olivas-Martínez, Inmaculada Lendínez, Luz M. Iribarne-Durán, Josefa León, Mariana F. Fernández, Rafael Sotelo, Fernando Vela-Soria, Nicolás Olea, Carmen Freire, and et al. 2023. "Expression Profiles of Genes Related to Development and Progression of Endometriosis and Their Association with Paraben and Benzophenone Exposure" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 23: 16678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316678
APA StylePeinado, F. M., Olivas-Martínez, A., Lendínez, I., Iribarne-Durán, L. M., León, J., Fernández, M. F., Sotelo, R., Vela-Soria, F., Olea, N., Freire, C., Ocón-Hernández, O., & Artacho-Cordón, F. (2023). Expression Profiles of Genes Related to Development and Progression of Endometriosis and Their Association with Paraben and Benzophenone Exposure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(23), 16678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316678