Nutrient-Dependent Changes of Protein Palmitoylation: Impact on Nuclear Enzymes and Regulation of Gene Expression

Spinelli, Matteo; Fusco, Salvatore; Grassi, Claudio

doi:10.3390/ijms19123820

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Nutrient-Dependent Changes of Protein Palmitoylation: Impact on Nuclear Enzymes and Regulation of Gene Expression

Matteo Spinelli

Salvatore Fusco

^1,2,*

and

Claudio Grassi

^1,2,*

Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome 00168, Italy

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(12), 3820; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123820

Received: 29 October 2018 / Revised: 22 November 2018 / Accepted: 27 November 2018 / Published: 30 November 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Genomics)

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Abstract

Diet is the main environmental stimulus chronically impinging on the organism throughout the entire life. Nutrients impact cells via a plethora of mechanisms including the regulation of both protein post-translational modifications and gene expression. Palmitoylation is the most-studied protein lipidation, which consists of the attachment of a molecule of palmitic acid to residues of proteins. S-palmitoylation is a reversible cysteine modification finely regulated by palmitoyl-transferases and acyl-thioesterases that is involved in the regulation of protein trafficking and activity. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that diet-dependent molecules such as insulin and fatty acids may affect protein palmitoylation. Here, we examine the role of protein palmitoylation on the regulation of gene expression focusing on the impact of this modification on the activity of chromatin remodeler enzymes, transcription factors, and nuclear proteins. We also discuss how this physiological phenomenon may represent a pivotal mechanism underlying the impact of diet and nutrient-dependent signals on human diseases. View Full-Text

Keywords: protein palmitoylation; nutrient-dependent signals; chromatin remodelers; transcription factors; epigenetics; personalized medicine

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Spinelli, M.; Fusco, S.; Grassi, C. Nutrient-Dependent Changes of Protein Palmitoylation: Impact on Nuclear Enzymes and Regulation of Gene Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123820

AMA Style

Spinelli M, Fusco S, Grassi C. Nutrient-Dependent Changes of Protein Palmitoylation: Impact on Nuclear Enzymes and Regulation of Gene Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(12):3820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123820

Chicago/Turabian Style

Spinelli, Matteo, Salvatore Fusco, and Claudio Grassi. 2018. "Nutrient-Dependent Changes of Protein Palmitoylation: Impact on Nuclear Enzymes and Regulation of Gene Expression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12: 3820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123820

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Nutrient-Dependent Changes of Protein Palmitoylation: Impact on Nuclear Enzymes and Regulation of Gene Expression

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