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Article

Spray-Dried Microcapsules of Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Formulation and Functional Properties

by
Jelena Bajac
1,
Milena Terzić
1,*,
Branislava Nikolovski
1,
Lidija Petrović
1,
Branimir Bajac
2,
Gökhan Zengin
3 and
Ivana Mitrović
1
1
Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2
BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(20), 4098; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204098
Submission received: 25 August 2025 / Revised: 10 October 2025 / Accepted: 13 October 2025 / Published: 15 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Bioactivity and Structure–Activity Relationship of Natural Products and Their Derivatives)
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Abstract

Lavandin essential oil (LEO) (Lavandula × intermedia) is a high-yielding aromatic product with broad bioactive potential, but its direct application is hindered by its volatility, rapid oxidation, and environmental sensitivity. In this study, the microencapsulation of LEO by spray drying using different wall materials was investigated: Maltodextrin (MD), Gum Arabic (GA), Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC), Inulin (IN), and Modified Starch (Hi-Cap). The resulting formulations exhibited encapsulation efficiencies (EEs) of 55.35–83.29%, oil retention (RE) of 49.07–76.65%, and yields of 41.39–71.47%. The MD/GA blend with Tween 80 performed best, as it offered high EE and RE, low residual moisture, fast reconstitution, and strong protection of the encapsulated oil against thermal and moisture stress. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified 38 volatile components, with linalyl acetate (30.38%) and linalool (24.65%) being the major components. Biological tests confirmed that the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of lavandin against some pathogens was maintained even when a much lower concentration of the oil (1–5%) was used in encapsulated form. Antioxidant activity decreased after encapsulation, while tyrosinase inhibition increased, indicating cosmetic potential. These results show that spray drying is an effective strategy for stabilizing LEO and expanding its applications in various industries.
Keywords: Lavandin essential oil; Lavandula × intermedia; spray drying microencapsulation; encapsulation efficiency; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant potential; enzyme inhibition Lavandin essential oil; Lavandula × intermedia; spray drying microencapsulation; encapsulation efficiency; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant potential; enzyme inhibition
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bajac, J.; Terzić, M.; Nikolovski, B.; Petrović, L.; Bajac, B.; Zengin, G.; Mitrović, I. Spray-Dried Microcapsules of Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Formulation and Functional Properties. Molecules 2025, 30, 4098. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204098

AMA Style

Bajac J, Terzić M, Nikolovski B, Petrović L, Bajac B, Zengin G, Mitrović I. Spray-Dried Microcapsules of Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Formulation and Functional Properties. Molecules. 2025; 30(20):4098. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204098

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bajac, Jelena, Milena Terzić, Branislava Nikolovski, Lidija Petrović, Branimir Bajac, Gökhan Zengin, and Ivana Mitrović. 2025. "Spray-Dried Microcapsules of Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Formulation and Functional Properties" Molecules 30, no. 20: 4098. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204098

APA Style

Bajac, J., Terzić, M., Nikolovski, B., Petrović, L., Bajac, B., Zengin, G., & Mitrović, I. (2025). Spray-Dried Microcapsules of Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Formulation and Functional Properties. Molecules, 30(20), 4098. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204098

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