Next Article in Journal
Investigation of Flame and Thermal Degradation Behavior of Xanthan- and Gelatin-Based Composites Used as Topsoil Covers in Forestry
Previous Article in Journal
Roupala montana Aubl. Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Emerging Biological Activities
Previous Article in Special Issue
Hetero-Disubstituted Sugarcane Bagasse as an Efficient Bioadsorbent for Cationic Dyes
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Molecules
Volume 30
Issue 16
10.3390/molecules30163325
molecules-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) in Sanitary Landfills in the High Andean Zones of Peru

by
Liliana Rodriguez-Cardenas
1,*,
Yudith Choque-Quispe
2,
Aydeé M. Solano-Reynoso
1,3,
Diego E. Peralta-Guevara
4,5,
Yakov F. Carhuarupay-Molleda
3,
Henrry W. Agreda-Cerna
6,
Odilon Correa-Cuba
3,
Ybar G. Palomino-Malpartida
7,
Yovana Flores-Ccorisapra
8,
Delma D. Reynoso-Canicani
9,
Jorge W. Elias-Silupu
10,
Luis H. Tolentino-Geldres
10 and
David Choque-Quispe
4,5,*
1
Water and Food Treatment Materials Research Laboratory, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
2
Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
4
Agroindustrial Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
5
Research Group for the Development of Advanced Materials for Water and Food Treatment, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
6
Department of Business Administration, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
7
Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho 05000, Peru
8
Systems Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
9
Academic Department of Accounting and Finance, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
10
Department of Science and Engineering, Universidad Nacional Ciro Alegria, Huamachuco 13301, Peru
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(16), 3325; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30163325
Submission received: 3 July 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 4 August 2025 / Published: 8 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches to Sustainable Wastewater Treatment—Recent Developments in Hazardous Pollutants Removal)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Cultural customs often condition solid waste management, especially in developing countries. The decomposition of solid waste depends on climatic conditions and is related to geomorphology and anthropogenic practices. Leachate generated in landfills can migrate superficially and underground, contaminating soils and aquifers. Knowing the level of contaminant load in leachate is important for proper solid waste management. However, in the Andean regions of Peru, there is scarce data on the polluting potential of leachates. This research aimed to determine the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) according to the sub-indexes of organic, inorganic, and heavy metals from landfills in the high Andean regions of Peru. Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were evaluated in fresh and retained leachate samples, in both dry and rainy seasons, from two landfills located at around 3000 m of altitude. The results showed high contamination levels, particularly in BOD5, COD, NH3-N, and total coliforms, with high organic and inorganic sub-indexes that affect the LPI, indicating high levels of contamination and posing a potential risk to surrounding ecosystems. It was also found that the high Andean landfills studied have a good-to-high biodegradability. This research contributes essential baseline information for environmental monitoring and supports the need for improved leachate management in high-altitude landfills in Peru and similar Andean contexts.
Keywords: leachate; leachate pollution index (LPI); landfill; biodegradability leachate; leachate pollution index (LPI); landfill; biodegradability

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rodriguez-Cardenas, L.; Choque-Quispe, Y.; Solano-Reynoso, A.M.; Peralta-Guevara, D.E.; Carhuarupay-Molleda, Y.F.; Agreda-Cerna, H.W.; Correa-Cuba, O.; Palomino-Malpartida, Y.G.; Flores-Ccorisapra, Y.; Reynoso-Canicani, D.D.; et al. Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) in Sanitary Landfills in the High Andean Zones of Peru. Molecules 2025, 30, 3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30163325

AMA Style

Rodriguez-Cardenas L, Choque-Quispe Y, Solano-Reynoso AM, Peralta-Guevara DE, Carhuarupay-Molleda YF, Agreda-Cerna HW, Correa-Cuba O, Palomino-Malpartida YG, Flores-Ccorisapra Y, Reynoso-Canicani DD, et al. Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) in Sanitary Landfills in the High Andean Zones of Peru. Molecules. 2025; 30(16):3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30163325

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodriguez-Cardenas, Liliana, Yudith Choque-Quispe, Aydeé M. Solano-Reynoso, Diego E. Peralta-Guevara, Yakov F. Carhuarupay-Molleda, Henrry W. Agreda-Cerna, Odilon Correa-Cuba, Ybar G. Palomino-Malpartida, Yovana Flores-Ccorisapra, Delma D. Reynoso-Canicani, and et al. 2025. "Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) in Sanitary Landfills in the High Andean Zones of Peru" Molecules 30, no. 16: 3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30163325

APA Style

Rodriguez-Cardenas, L., Choque-Quispe, Y., Solano-Reynoso, A. M., Peralta-Guevara, D. E., Carhuarupay-Molleda, Y. F., Agreda-Cerna, H. W., Correa-Cuba, O., Palomino-Malpartida, Y. G., Flores-Ccorisapra, Y., Reynoso-Canicani, D. D., Elias-Silupu, J. W., Tolentino-Geldres, L. H., & Choque-Quispe, D. (2025). Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) in Sanitary Landfills in the High Andean Zones of Peru. Molecules, 30(16), 3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30163325

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop