Preliminary Study on Insecticidal Potential and Chemical Composition of Five Rutaceae Essential Oils against Thrips flavus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Analysis of Essential Oils
2.1.1. Chemical Constituents of Citrus Oil
2.1.2. Chemical Constituents of Chuan-Shan Pepper Oil
2.1.3. Chemical Constituents of Zanthoxylum Oil
2.1.4. Chemical Constituents of Pomelo Peel Oil
2.1.5. Chemical Constituents of Orange Leaf Oil
2.2. Laboratory Bioassay
2.3. Pot Experiments
2.3.1. Control Efficacy of Citrus Oil against T. flavus
2.3.2. Control Efficacy of Chuan-Shan Pepper Oil against T. flavus
2.3.3. Control Efficacy of Zanthoxylum Oil against T. flavus
2.3.4. Control Efficacy of Pomelo Peel Oil against T. flavus
2.3.5. Control Efficacy of Orange Leaf Oil against T. flavus
2.4. Olfactometer Test
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Insects
4.2. Plant Essential Oils
4.3. GC–MS Analysis
4.4. Laboratory Bioassay
4.5. Pot Experiments
4.6. Olfactory Test
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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No. | Compounds 1 | Relative Percentage (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citrus Oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco) | Chuan-Shan Pepper Oil (Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim.) | Zanthoxylum Oil (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) | Pomelo Peel Oil (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) | Orange Leaf Oil (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) | ||
1 | Alpha-pinene | 0.899 | 0.772 | 1.100 | ||
2 | Sabenene | 0.573 | 8.291 | 17.131 | 0.507 | |
3 | (1S)-(1)-Beta-pinene | 0.336 | 1.421 | |||
4 | Beta-myrcene | 2.912 | 1.874 | 3.698 | 2.811 | |
5 | 1,1′-Oxydi-2-propanol | 0.853 | ||||
6 | 2,2′-Oxydipropanol | 0.750 | ||||
7 | p-Cymene | 0.289 | ||||
8 | 2-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)-1-propanol | 1.045 | ||||
9 | d-limonene | 95.617 | 11.832 | 22.145 | 78.236 | |
10 | Gamma-terpinene | 1.853 | ||||
11 | Linalool | 64.101 | 52.690 | 8.018 | ||
12 | Styralyl acetate | 1.760 | ||||
13 | Alpha-terpineol | 0.545 | ||||
14 | Linalyl anthranilate | 1.073 | 1.145 | 5.468 | 0.441 | |
15 | (–)-Isocaryophyllene | 0.658 | ||||
16 | 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol | 3.461 | ||||
17 | Beta-caryophyllene | 0.864 | ||||
18 | Jasmone | 0.367 | ||||
19 | Allyl cyclohexylpropionate | 0.660 | ||||
20 | Butylated hydroxytoluene | 5.348 | ||||
21 | 2-(Oct-2-enyl) cyclopentan-1-one | 0.861 | ||||
22 | Methyl jasmonate | 51.502 | ||||
23 | Methyl dihydrojasmonate | 14.477 | ||||
24 | Alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehyde | 13.328 | ||||
25 | Phenethyl phenylacetate | 4.897 | ||||
26 | Germacrene D | 1.834 | 1.424 | |||
27 | Methyl (3Z,7E,10E)-3,7,10,12-tridecatetraenoate | 5.686 | ||||
28 | 1,5-Cyclooctadiene, 3-(1-Methyl-2-propen-1-yl)- | 4.446 |
Essential Oils | LC50 (g/L) | 95% Confidence Interval | Regression Equation | Related Coefficient | χ2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orange leaf oil | 0.26 | 0.11~0.37 | y = 5.9807 + 1.6867x | 0.8381 | 4.7591 | 0.1903 |
Zanthoxylum oil | 0.27 | 0.16~0.36 | y = 6.3029 + 2.3067x | 0.8581 | 5.768 | 0.1235 |
Pomelo peel oil | 0.44 | 0.35~0.51 | y = 6.2064 + 3.3408x | 0.9353 | 5.4535 | 0.1414 |
Chuan-shan pepper oil | 0.58 | 0.51~0.69 | y = 5.9531 + 4.0840x | 0.9426 | 7.4438 | 0.0590 |
Citrus oil | 2.73 | 1.98~3.90 | y = 4.2585 + 1.7001x | 0.7511 | 10.7618 | 0.0131 |
Essential Oils | Concentration Gradients (g a.i.·hm−2) | Control Efficacy (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
After 1 Day | After 3 Days | After 7 Days | ||
Orange leaf oil | 180.00 | 16.05 ± 1.24 b | 24.95 ± 5.40 c | 69.44 ± 7.35 c |
360.00 | 38.27 ± 7.51 ab | 52.22 ± 5.88 b | 77.78 ± 3.68 bc | |
540.00 | 41.98 ± 6.88 ab | 56.67 ± 6.94 b | 93.06 ± 3.67 ab | |
720.00 | 64.20 ± 8.64 a | 67.78 ± 4.01 b | 97.22 ± 1.39 a | |
900.00 | 65.43 ± 2.47 a | 90.00 ± 3.85 a | 100.00 a | |
Pomelo peel oil | 180.00 | 19.75 ± 7.51 d | 27.40 ± 5.97 c | 18.37 ± 5.40 d |
360.00 | 28.40 ± 4.45 cd | 54.79 ± 2.37 bc | 44.89 ± 1.94 cd | |
540.00 | 45.68 ± 4.94 bc | 76.71 ± 8.98 ab | 48.31 ± 2.18 c | |
720.00 | 58.02 ± 3.27 b | 82.19 ± 3.62 ab | 83.68 ± 4.08 b | |
900.00 | 90.13 ± 3.27 a | 95.89 ± 4.11 a | 100.00 a | |
Zanthoxylum oil | 180.00 | 15.54 ± 6.24 c | 34.94 ± 4.17 b | 48.10 ± 2.53 c |
360.00 | 32.14 ± 2.06 bc | 28.92 ± 2.41 b | 46.84 ± 2.19 c | |
540.00 | 39.29 ± 9.45 bc | 54.22 ± 3.19 ab | 69.62 ± 4.38 bc | |
720.00 | 60.71 ± 2.06 ab | 69.88 ± 6.38 a | 87.34 ± 4.56 b | |
900.00 | 71.43 ± 5.46 a | 81.93 ± 9.56 a | 98.73 ± 1.27 a | |
Chuan-shan pepper oil | 180.00 | 16.67 ± 2.38 b | 21.69 ± 2.41 c | 34.18 ± 3.35 c |
360.00 | 34.52 ± 3.15 ab | 43.37 ± 2.41 b | 51.9 ± 3.35 b | |
540.00 | 35.71 ± 4.12 a | 54.22 ± 4.34 ab | 62.02 ± 4.38 b | |
720.00 | 32.14 ± 3.57 ab | 48.19 ± 2.41 ab | 62.03 ± 2.19 b | |
900.00 | 34.52 ± 6.63 ab | 59.04 ± 3.19 a | 82.28 ± 3.35 a | |
Citrus oil | 900.00 | 5.95 ± 3.15 b | 59.04 ± 8.69 a | 53.16 ± 10.13 a |
1800.00 | 26.19 ± 3.15 ab | 48.19 ± 6.71 a | 54.43 ± 5.80 a | |
2700.00 | 44.05 ± 6.30 a | 56.63 ± 4.17 a | 59.49 ± 5.06 a | |
3600.00 | 48.81 ± 7.24 a | 54.22 ± 6.38 a | 50.63 ± 9.56 a | |
4500.00 | 46.43 ± 9.45 a | 54.22 ± 9.64 a | 62.03 ± 4.38 a |
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Pei, T.-H.; Zhao, Y.-J.; Wang, S.-Y.; Li, X.-F.; Sun, C.-Q.; Shi, S.-S.; Xu, M.-L.; Gao, Y. Preliminary Study on Insecticidal Potential and Chemical Composition of Five Rutaceae Essential Oils against Thrips flavus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Molecules 2023, 28, 2998. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072998
Pei T-H, Zhao Y-J, Wang S-Y, Li X-F, Sun C-Q, Shi S-S, Xu M-L, Gao Y. Preliminary Study on Insecticidal Potential and Chemical Composition of Five Rutaceae Essential Oils against Thrips flavus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Molecules. 2023; 28(7):2998. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072998
Chicago/Turabian StylePei, Tian-Hao, Yi-Jin Zhao, Sheng-Yuan Wang, Xiao-Feng Li, Chen-Qi Sun, Shu-Sen Shi, Meng-Lei Xu, and Yu Gao. 2023. "Preliminary Study on Insecticidal Potential and Chemical Composition of Five Rutaceae Essential Oils against Thrips flavus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)" Molecules 28, no. 7: 2998. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072998