Identification of Molecules from Coffee Silverskin That Suppresses Myostatin Activity and Improves Muscle Mass and Strength in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Coffee Silverskin Ethanol-Extract (CSE) Suppresses MSTN Activity
2.2. Oral Administration of CSE Increases the Muscle Mass and Grip Strength but Not Body Weight and Bone Mass in Mice
2.3. CSE Administration Decreases the Blood Free Fatty Acid Level
2.4. Administration of CSE Upregulated the mRNA Expression Level of Ppargc1a and Ucp1 in Mice
2.5. Purification and Structural Identification of Compounds with MSTN-Inhibitory Capacity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Coffee Beans
4.2. Preparation of Ethanol and Water Extracts of Samples
4.3. pGL3-(CAGA)12-Luciferase Assay
4.4. Western Blot Analysis
4.5. Animal Experiment
4.5.1. Animals
4.5.2. Forelimb Grip Strength Measurement
4.5.3. Analysis of Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Free Fatty Acids
4.5.4. Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.5.5. Statistical Analysis
4.6. Isolation of Anti-MSTN Inhibitors from CSE
4.7. Identification of MSTN Antagonists
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Group | Glucose (mg/dL) | Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | Triglyceride (mg/dL) | Free Fatty Acid (µEq/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 286.0 ± 8.07 | 127.2 ± 5.74 | 129.8 ± 11.21 | 745.8 ± 119.59 |
CSE | 291.8 ± 13.48 | 132.5 ± 8.12 | 129.3 ± 11.58 | 588.6 ± 127.37 + |
Relative level (%) | 102.0 | 104.1 | 99.6 | 78.9 |
Gene | Forward Primer (5′–3′) | Reverse Primer (5´–3´) | Size (bp) | Accession |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mstn | GCTTGACTGCGATGAGCACT | GCACCCACAGCGGTCTACTA | 316 | NM 010834 |
Fndc5 | TTGATGTGGCAGCAGACTTC | CTTATCCGTCCCTCCTCTCC | 312 | NM_027402 |
Ppargc1a | ATGTGTCGCCTTCTTGCTCT | GCGGTATTCATCCCTCTTGA | 350 | NM_008904 |
Ucp1 | CTTCTCAGCCGGAGTTTCAG | TGCCACACCTCCAGTCATTA | 331 | NM_009463 |
Gapdh | CGTCCCGTAGACAAAATGGT | TCTCCATGGTGGTGAAGACA | 328 | NM_001289726 |
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Kim, J.H.; Kim, J.H.; Jang, J.-P.; Jang, J.-H.; Jin, D.-H.; Kim, Y.S.; Jin, H.-J. Identification of Molecules from Coffee Silverskin That Suppresses Myostatin Activity and Improves Muscle Mass and Strength in Mice. Molecules 2021, 26, 2676. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092676
Kim JH, Kim JH, Jang J-P, Jang J-H, Jin D-H, Kim YS, Jin H-J. Identification of Molecules from Coffee Silverskin That Suppresses Myostatin Activity and Improves Muscle Mass and Strength in Mice. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2676. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092676
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jeong Han, Jae Hong Kim, Jun-Pil Jang, Jae-Hyuk Jang, Deuk-Hee Jin, Yong Soo Kim, and Hyung-Joo Jin. 2021. "Identification of Molecules from Coffee Silverskin That Suppresses Myostatin Activity and Improves Muscle Mass and Strength in Mice" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2676. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092676