Search Results (114)

Land Value Capture (LVC) is increasingly being emphasized as a key mechanism for financing mass transit systems, promoted as a sustainability-oriented policy tool amid tightening public budgets. China has adopted a development-led approach to value capture through the “Rail plus Property (R + P)” model, drawing inspiration from the Hong Kong experience. The Shenzhen Metro’s “R + P” strategy has been widely acclaimed as the key to its reputation as “the only profitable transit company in mainland China without subsidies.” This paper questions this assumption and argues that the Shenzhen model is neither sustainable nor replicable, as its past performance depended on two exceptional conditions: an ascending phase of a real-estate cycle and unique institutional concessions from the central state. To substantiate this argument, we contrast Shenzhen’s value capture strategy with that of Nanjing—a provincial capital operating under routine institutional conditions, with governance and spatial structures broadly reflecting the prevailing urban development model in China. Using a comparative framework structured around three key dimensions of LVC—urban governance, risk management, and the transit company’s shift toward real estate—this paper reveals how distinct urban political economies give rise to contrasting value capture approaches: one expansionary, prioritizing short-term profit and rapid scale-up while downplaying risk management (Shenzhen); the other conservative, shaped by institutional constraints and characterized by reactive, incremental adjustments (Nanjing). These findings suggest that while LVC instruments offer valuable potential as a funding source for public transit, their long-term viability depends on early institutional embedding that aligns spatial, fiscal, and political interests, alongside well-developed project planning and capacity support in real estate expertise. Full article

This research analyzes the discourses and narratives surrounding the platform tourism economy in a highly touristified city, using Madrid as a case study. Rather than focusing on the socio-economic or spatial transformations themselves, the study examines how these processes are discussed, identifying the discursive strategies employed by different actors and ideologies, along with the power relations embedded in these narratives. A corpus of literature was compiled from twelve newspapers with varying ideological orientations and categorized according to political stance, access mode, and ideological radicalism. Using the LancsBox concordancer, a quantitative analysis was conducted to identify key discursive categories and preferred lexical items across ideological positions. These findings informed a subsequent in-depth qualitative analysis aimed at uncovering the rationalities behind each discourse: who speaks, how, and with what intent. The results reveal a dominant left-wing narrative that emphasizes institutional and economic mechanisms underlying platform tourism, highlighting associated social and urban harms. In contrast, conservative and liberal narratives are divided into two strands: a ‘heretic’ discourse that promotes and defends this new economic model, but also its urban results (e.g., gentrification), and a more institutional narrative framing platform tourism as inevitable and benign, thereby concealing the underlying structures of power. Full article

This paper outlines a methodology for creating an educational and informative communication system for non-specialised audiences in order to preserve and pass on the heritage of ideas and practices adopted in the medieval political and administrative sphere. Through the combined use of digital technologies (such as GISs, 3D modelling and virtual tours), historical sources can potentially reveal how political and administrative aspects affected different areas within the medieval city, not just the main seats of power. Bologna, a prestigious medieval university metropolis, is chosen as a case study because of the remarkable wealth of documentation in its archives from the city’s political culture in the Middle Ages. Written historical sources, including documentary and narrative texts, are among the primary tools employed in the study of European medieval urban communities in general. Documentary sources help us understand and reconstruct the complexities of civic administration, urban policies and the economy, as well as how citizens experience them daily. The involvement of citizens in the political and administrative life of late medieval cities is explored through the management and digital processing of historical documentation. Digital humanities tools can facilitate this analysis, offering a perspective that sheds light on the formation of the pre-modern state. Although digital databases and repositories have significantly contributed to preserving and digitally archiving historical sources, these are often aimed exclusively at the academic level and remain underutilised as privileged didactic and educational tools for a broad audience. Full article

Urbanization in African countries entails substantial growth in the urban population and economic development. The interdependent progress of the population and economy significantly impacts the sustainable development of these nations. By constructing an evaluation framework, this paper assesses the urban population growth and economic development systems in African countries. Building upon the coupling coordination model, it quantitatively investigates the relationship between the two and utilizes a geographical detector model to analyze the driving factors of the coordination of evolution. The findings reveal a continuous improvement in the quality of urban population growth and economic development between 2001 and 2020. Nevertheless, their overall quality remains relatively low, exhibiting considerable variation across different countries. Many African countries struggle with a low level of development coordination, with economic progress often trailing behind the pace of urban population growth. The average coupling coordination degree increased from 0.464 to 0.526 over 20 years, with 48.08% of countries still in uncoordinated development by 2020. Factors such as industrialization, foreign trade dependence, government spending, international aid, and political stability are all influential factors affecting the degree of coordination. The absence of industrialization in conjunction with urbanization poses a major impediment to effectively harnessing urban population growth for economic development. Ultimately, this study provides a targeted framework for integrating urban population growth and economic development to address low coupling coordination. Full article

Enhancing public service efficiency is crucial for the Chinese government to ensure sustainable economic development. This study compiles data from 288 cities in China from 2011 to 2022 to construct an evaluation framework for the digital economy and public service efficiency. It also develops relevant econometric models to examine their impacts and underlying mechanisms. The results show that the digital economy significantly boosts local public service efficiency, with a more pronounced effect in cities with high or low initial efficiency levels and a less pronounced effect in those with moderate efficiency. The positive moderating roles of the political environment, government autonomy, urban innovation capacity, and social attention are also observed. This study suggests that local governments develop adaptive digital roadmaps to promote the digital economy and enhance public service efficiency. These findings enrich our understanding of how the digital economy influences public service efficiency and offer valuable insights for enhancing public service efficiency. Full article

Real-world laboratories have become important institutions of the energy transition in Germany and the EU. They represent innovation networks that integrate public and private actors in energy transition projects. In the past, they focused on urban districts, but, more recently, the real-world laboratories have been expanded to include large-scale, capital-intensive projects for the development of a hydrogen economy. This has increased the complexity of such projects and poses new challenges in contextualising the new form of real-world laboratories. This article analyses the response of one of the first of these new projects and how it dealt with this new organisational form at the project communication level. It shows that the co-creation of a common story shared by all project partners—or the lack of it—may be an early indicator of whether the necessary legitimacy from business, politics, and society can be gained. Full article

Ancient paintings are an intangible window to the economy, politics, and customs of the past. Their characteristics have evolved or were made obsolete, with only limited contemporary connections remaining. This research aims to preserve and to interact with characters in 2D paintings to evolve their cultural identity through combining AI and AR. The scope of this research covers traditional Chinese paintings archived by the National Palace Museum in digital collections, mainly “New Year’s Market in a Time of Peace”. About 25 characters were used for training and 3D reconstruction in RODIN^®. The models were converted into Augment^® and Sketchfab^® platforms as reactivated AR characters to interact with new urban fabrics and landscapes. Stable Diffusion^® and RODIN^® were successfully integrated to perform image training and reconstruct 3D AR models of various styles. As a result, interactions were conducted in two ways: in a mixed context with mixed characters in a painting and in a familiar context in the real world with mixed characters. It was found that AR facilitated the interpretation of how the old urban fabric was arranged. Using AI and AR is a current issue. Combining AI and AR can activate ubiquitous preservation to perform recursive processing from diffused images in order to reconstruct 3D models. This activated heritage preservation method is a reasonable alternative to redefining intangible subjects with a new and evolved contemporary cultural identity. Full article

This study provides a comparative analysis of the environmental and economic performance of Oman, Egypt, and Morocco, focusing on the critical interplay between their economic structures, governance frameworks, and energy policies. Morocco stands out as a regional leader in renewable energy, driven by significant investments in solar, wind, and hydroelectric projects, positioning itself as a model for clean energy transition. Egypt, despite its rapid industrialization and urbanization, faces mounting environmental pressures that challenge its economic diversification efforts. Oman, heavily dependent on hydrocarbons, confronts significant sustainability risks due to its reliance on fossil fuels, despite the political stability that could support renewable integration. The research underscores that while these nations share common challenges, including regulatory weaknesses and energy policy inconsistencies, their distinct economic contexts demand tailored approaches. Morocco’s path to energy leadership must focus on integrating renewables across all sectors, enhancing grid infrastructure, and expanding green technology innovations to maintain momentum. Egypt should prioritize scaling up renewable infrastructure, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, and investing in clean technology to address its carbon footprint. For Oman, the strategic diversification of its economy, combined with aggressive renewable energy integration, is critical to reducing CO₂ emissions and mitigating climate impacts. This study contributes novel insights by highlighting the role of political stability, institutional quality, and policy coherence as critical enablers of long-term sustainability. It also identifies the importance of regional cooperation and knowledge sharing to overcome shared challenges like data limitations, geopolitical complexities, and methodological gaps in sustainability assessments. The findings advocate for a multi-method approach, integrating economic modeling, life-cycle analysis, and policy evaluation, to guide future sustainability efforts and foster resilient, low-carbon economies in the MENA region. Full article

Governance plays a critical role at the intersection of disaster risk management (DRM) and climate change (CC). As CC increases the frequency and intensity of disasters, so DRM policies must consider the potential impacts of CC and integrate climate resilience measures. Over the past decade, extreme wildfires in wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas have left devastating effects for local economies, local development, environmental protection, and the continuity of government operations worldwide, prompting all actors to work in the same direction to face its changing context. This systematic review of the literature aims to analyze the research trends on wildfire risk governance in WUI areas during 2021–2024 and to identify the key risk governance determinants, thereby offering a robust foundation to guide technical discussions and support decision-making processes in local development planning, land use regulation, and DRM. The study is based on the application of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) declaration to allow the identification, selection, analysis, and systematization of 68 articles from the Scopus database through three bibliographic search equations, which were then categorized using the software of text mining and natural language processing NLP software (VantagePoint 15.2) to identify four key pillars that structure extreme wildfire risk governance: political management, development planning, disaster risk management, and resilience management. Within this framework, ten governance determinants are highlighted, encompassing aspects such as regulatory frameworks, institutional coordination, information systems, technical capacities, community engagement, risk perception, financial resources, accountability mechanisms, adaptive planning, and cross-sectoral integration. These findings provide a conceptual basis for strengthening governance approaches in the face of increasing wildfire risk. Full article

In recent scholarship, the impact of palaeoclimate change is often understood as a main factor contributing to the fragmentation and “fall” of Rome’s empire. The various attempts at postulating disastrous effects of temperature shifts in the fifth to sixth centuries—cooling caused harvest failures, famine, political and social unrest, and disruptions in food supply—have been criticized for a good reason: compelling causal links between cooler weather conditions and decreasing agricultural productivity are missing. The socio-economic and political impact of a prolonged climate-related Late Roman drought (ca. 360–440 CE), however, has been widely overlooked. This paper aims to compare palaeoecological data from cave speleothems and lake sediments that indicate palaeoclimate and environmental change through precipitation shifts in the southern Black Sea region with the archaeological data of the urban granary in Pompeiopolis. Combining these data offers fresh insights into Roman environmental imperialism, command ecologies and economies, and the impact of climate change on Rome’s tax system that kept the network of redistributive food supply running. This archaeo-environmental approach sheds light on the ecological vulnerability of integrated economies, failures of the dysfunctional metabolic regimes of ›polis command economies‹, and the chain of cause-and-effect provoking the “fall” of Rome. Full article

This paper shows a case study on a novel community-based sustainability planning framework that balances environmental, social, cultural dimensions for a high-density urban setting. The case study presents a community-driven “Four-Zero” sustainability model—zero energy, zero water, zero food, and zero waste—as a foundation for environmental sustainability practices implemented in a high-density estate in Hong Kong, alongside community-led ecological and heritage initiatives that reinforce place-based resilience. Through integrated activities, such as community farming, aquaponics, organic waste composting, biodiversity monitoring, and heritage mapping, the residents co-produced knowledge and activated novel bottom–up planning schemes and fostered social cohesion while advancing environmental objectives. Notably, the discovery of rare species and historic Dairy Farm remnants catalyzed a community-led planning proposal for an eco-heritage park that stimulated policy dialogues on conservation. These collective efforts illustrate how circular resource systems and cultural and ecological conservation can be balanced with urban development needs in compact, high-density communities. This case offers policy insights for rethinking urban sustainability planning in dense city contexts, contributing to global discourses on urban political ecology by examining socio–nature entanglements in contested urban spaces, to environmental justice by foregrounding community agency in shaping ecological futures, and to commoning practices through shared stewardship of urban resources. Full article

As urbanization accelerates globally, preserving and developing historical cultural districts is increasingly critical, especially in areas with unique historical and cultural value. To understand the development of urban construction and the diachronic and spatial patterns of development, this paper focuses on Guiyang, a key transportation hub in Southwest China connected to Southeast Asia. It examines the historical districts from four representative periods: the early Ming Dynasty (1413–1420), the early Qing Dynasty (1616–1626), the Republican era (1912–1949), and the 1980s (1980–1990). Employing complex network analysis, the study investigates the changes in the connectivity characteristics of construction land and road networks. Key findings reveal: (1) Stability: The construction land networks stability decreased steadily from the early Ming period to the 1980s, whereas the road network density exhibited a wave-like decline. (2) Centrality: The construction land networks centrality decreased linearly, and the road network density exhibited a wave-like decrease. (3) Vulnerability: Both networks showed increased vulnerability, with fluctuations in the road network during the early Qing period, but generally reduced vulnerability. The analysis also indicates that changes in the connectivity of Guiyang’s historical district construction land and road networks are influenced by shifts in social structures, improvements in productivity, and the physical geography of the area. In mountainous cities with limited terrain, urban forms have transitioned from single-center aggregation to multi-center aggregation, and areas where administrative expansion is not feasible have adopted compact spatial development strategies. The application of complex network analysis has proven effective in urban spatial studies, revealing that changes in construction land and road networks reflect multifaceted internal transformations in society, politics, economy, military, and culture, significantly impacting the formation of a diverse yet unified national identity. Based on these findings, this paper offers recommendations for the planning and development of mountainous cities globally. Full article

Cities, particularly megacities, face significant challenges in transitioning toward sustainability. Many countries have developed dual or multiple capitals for diverse purposes (e.g., political, administrative, economic, touristic, and cultural). Limited research exists on the ‘15-minute city’ (15-MC) concept, particularly in regions like Middle East and North Africa (MENA region). This study evaluates the application of the ‘15-MC’ concept globally and regionally to derive Urban Planning Principles (UPPs) and indicators for livability and accessibility. Using a theoretical framework supported by site visits and quantitative assessments, the research examines two districts in the NAC as case studies. Key UPPs (e.g., proximity to services, mixed-use development, public transport, green spaces, community engagement, local economy, and sustainability) were evaluated along with walkability scores, bike infrastructure, and environmental impact indicators. The results reveal that most services in the two districts are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. However, essential facilities (e.g., universities and hospitals) exceed this threshold (20–30 min). The green area per inhabitant (17 m²/capita) meets WHO and European recommendations. The NAC has clean, green public transportation and 94.26 km of cycling lanes. For the sustainability indicator, air pollutants (PM₁₀ and NO₂) slightly exceed the WHO guidelines, but SO₂ and Ozone levels are below the limits. The estimated waste per capita (274 kg) is lower than Cario and other counties. The findings suggest the NAC has the potential to fulfill the 15-MC concept through mixed-use developments, accessibility, and sustainable planning. This study serves for future research and modeling of the NAC when it is fully occupied. Full article

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been implemented for over a decade; however, research on its impact on China’s transport sector remains relatively scarce. It is imperative to investigate whether the BRI has greatly enhanced the growth of Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) in the transport sector across provinces along its route because the logistics hub is crucial for sustainable land development of the local economy. To address this missing link, this study examined the GTFP of the transport sector in cities along the BRI by employing the global Luenberger nonradial directional distance function (GLNDDF). Subsequently, a Difference-in-Differences (DID) model was applied to evaluate the policy impact of the BRI on the regional GTFP of the transport sector. The key results of this study were as follows: (1) our empirical findings indicated that the BRI has a statistically significant, yet very weak governance of the GTFP of the transportation sector, with an average increase of 0.0265 units in total factor productivity, implying that the direction of the BRI seems right, but much stronger governance is needed for differentiated city planning; (2) the BRI has two wings in its implementation policies and regulatory and promotional policies. In this study, active environmental regulation may have a more substantial impact than promotional policies, implying that oversupply issues arising from financial promotions along the BRI routes should be avoided for city planning, even with its political importance. (3) There are notable regional variations, with the policy effect being relatively weak in the central region, implying that the grand industrial transition from the east coastal cities to the western region should be cautiously harmonized between market demand and infrastructure-oriented government-led policies. These findings provide valuable insights into urban environments, city planning, and urban–rural interactions, emphasizing the importance of land-related tradeoffs in resource management to foster sustainable governance in developing countries. Full article

West Lake holds a significant position internationally. This article studies the spatial distribution, historical development, functions, and the lake–city spatial relationship of 81 West Lakes (WLs), as well as their landscape characteristics. The results indicate the following: (1) The overall spatial distribution of WLs is related to China’s history of water conservancy development. (2) The evolution of and functional changes in WLs are influenced by multiple factors such as politics, economy, and culture during different historical periods and are directly related to the will of local administrators. (3) The initial functions of WLs can be categorized into three types, primarily related to urban infrastructure. (4) In terms of spatial relationships, there are four types of spatial relationships between WLs and their water sources and three types of spatial relationships between WLs and cities, forming a common pattern of “Mountains/Hills(–Water)–WL(–Water)–Cities(–Water, River, Sea)” or “WL(–Water)–Cities(–Water, River, Sea)”. (5) The scenery of WLs comprises six elements, including natural basements, water conservancy facilities, human settlements, secularization, landscape architecture, and animal and human activities, all imbued with poetic cultural connotations. Furthermore, this study summarizes three causes of WLs’ scenery; excavates the historical wisdom of WLs in terms of a holistic approach, ecological techniques, dynamic management, and landscape esthetics; and subsequently proposes recommendations for lake ecological governance and landscape construction. Full article