Search Results (1,145)

Background/Objectives: Heart transplantation substantially improves survival and quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure; however, many heart transplantation patients fail to recover normal physical activity levels. Persistent inactivity compromises secondary prevention and long-term outcomes. Kinesiophobia—an excessive and irrational fear of movement—may act as a central barrier limiting physical activity after heart transplantation. This study aimed to explore how kinesiophobia develops and interacts with physical and psychological factors that influence adherence to an active lifestyle after heart transplantation. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 24 adult heart transplantation patients (mean age 62.1 years; 83% male) at a tertiary hospital in Spain. Semi-structured interviews lasting 35–60 min were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Methodological rigour was ensured through triangulation, reflexivity, and transparent documentation of analytic decisions. Results: Three interrelated themes were identified: (1) Kinesiophobia, characterised by fear of overexertion and avoidance of performing physical activity; (2) physical limitations, including fatigue, muscle weakness, treatment side effects, and intensified perceptions of vulnerability; and (3) psychological distress, encompassing anxiety, demotivation, and frustration, which intensified inactivity. These domains formed a self-perpetuating cycle that restricted participation in physical activity. Some participants reported simple adaptive strategies, such as pacing, walking and social support that enhanced their sense of safety and confidence. Conclusions: Kinesiophobia, physical limitations, and psychological distress interact to restrict physical activity in heart transplantation patients. Our findings suggest that rehabilitation should integrate psychological support, cognitive-behavioural strategies, and tailored education to reduce fear, enhance self-efficacy, and promote sustainable physical activity engagement. Full article

Aim: To explore the associations between protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBTs), fibre intake and patient-focused outcomes in patients on kidney replacement therapy. Background: Despite removal of small water-soluble uraemic toxins, dialysis patients continue to experience high morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests strong associations between PBTs and poorer patient outcomes and symptom burden. Reducing the generation of PBTs by increasing dietary fibre may be an alternate approach to better patient outcomes. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and kidney transplant patients to determine the associations between uraemic toxins [p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS)], fibre intake and patient-focused outcomes, incorporating the Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale-Renal (IPOS-renal) and EQ-5D-5L to determine symptom burden and quality of life, while physical capacity was determined using the timed up and go(TUG) test and handgrip strength (HGS). Results: Ninety participants completed the study (n = 30 in each group). There was a correlation between PBTs and the IPOS-renal score, where higher toxin levels were associated with a higher symptom burden. This was the strongest for PCS, where the significance remained after accounting for age and co-morbidities (p < 0.05). Higher PBT levels were also associated with lower HGS (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between fibre intake and PBTs, serum PCS (r = −0.36, p < 0.05) and serum IS (r = −0.27, p < 0.05). Lower fibre intake was also associated with a higher symptom burden measured by the IPOS-renal (p < 0.05). Transplant patients consistently performed better, with a reduced symptom burden and improved physical ability compared to dialysis patients. Conclusion: PBTs were associated with symptom burden, and lower physical ability was associated with both PBTs and patient-focused outcomes, and this needs to be further investigated in larger studies. Full article

Rapid urbanization elevates land surface temperature (LST) through complex urban spatial relationships, intensifying the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This necessitates efficient methods to analyze surface urban heat island (SUHI) factors to help develop mitigation strategies. In this study, we propose an efficient global–local regression (EGLR) framework by integrating XGBoost-SHAP with global–local regression (GLR), enabling accelerated estimation of LST. In a case study of Wuhan, the EGLR reduces the computation time of GLR by 44.21%. The main contribution of computational efficiency improvement lies in the procedure of Moran eigenvector selecting executed by XGBoost-SHAP. Results of validation experiments also show significant time decrease of the EGLR for a larger sample size; in addition, transplanting the framework of the EGLR to two machine learning models not only reduces the executing time, but also increases model fitting. Furthermore, the inherent merits of XGBoost-SHAP and GLR also enables the EGLR to simultaneously capture nonlinear causal relationships and decompose spatial effects. Results identify population density as the most sensitive LST-increasing factor. Impervious surface percentage, building height, elevation, and distance to the nearest water body are positively correlated with LST, while water area, normalized difference vegetation index, and the number of bus stops have significant negative relationships with LST. In contrast, the impact of the number of points of interest, gross domestic product, and road length on LST is not significant overall. Full article

Background: Pediatric non-Down Syndrome Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (non-DS-AMKL) is a rare subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) arising from primitive megakaryocytes and is associated with poor outcomes. Given its high incidence of relapse, this subpopulation of children is frequently referred for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) in first complete remission (CR1). Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of non-DS-AMKL pediatric patients in a large, single-institution cohort. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of thirty-six patients diagnosed with non-DS-AMKL treated at Texas Children’s Hospital from 2000 to 2022 was conducted. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included in the analysis, with cohorts defined by intention to treat. Twelve patients received chemotherapy only during upfront therapy, and seventeen received upfront HSCT. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for the entire cohort were 19.1% and 24.1%, respectively, with a median survival of 17.4 months. A higher percentage of patients in the chemotherapy-only group had relapsed/refractory disease at death (chemotherapy only, n = 9; HSCT, n = 8). However, 5-year OS and DFS were similar for both groups (OS = 18.8% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.58; DFS = 37.6% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.51). Relapse was the leading cause of death (5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) 0.78). Treatment with allo-HSCT did not improve outcomes due to the high CIR, even after HSCT in CR1. Conclusions: These dismal outcomes highlight the need for development and incorporation of novel targeted agents into upfront therapy or in the post-HSCT setting for patients with this challenging disease. Full article

To elucidate the adaptive strategies of leaf functional traits of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the context of climate change, this study chose 2 and 3 year-old seedlings of Larix principis-rupprechtii as the focal research objects. The experiment entailed transplanting seedlings obtained from different sources into high and low altitudes: 1600 m, 1900 m, 2100 m, and 2400 m, respectively. With changes in transplant elevation, seedlings showed variable responses in photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, and leaf morphology, depending on the altitude. High-altitude seedlings transplanted to low altitudes increased SLA and branch extension, enhancing photosynthesis and C-N metabolism. Conversely, low-altitude seedlings transplanted to high altitudes improved cold resistance primarily via leaf thickening, adjusting the chlorophyll a/b ratio, and enhancing the redistribution of soluble proteins. For high-altitude sources, water-use efficiency and transpiration rate were strongly linked to leaf nitrogen and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, respectively, indicating the optimisation of photosynthetic and water-use efficiency through modulation of chlorophyll-a content and branch extension. Low-altitude seedlings chiefly adjusted the chla/b ratio, leaf morphological traits, and soluble protein to cope with altitudinal change. In summary, variation in leaf functional traits among seedlings of Larix principis-rupprechtii across elevational gradients did not reflect isolated changes in individual traits but rather arose from integrated adjustments of photosynthetic capacity, resource allocation, and metabolic coupling, thereby optimising the balance between light capture, water usage, and stress tolerance. These results, therefore, offer insights into adaptive strategies under climate change. Full article

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition that affects fertility in many women of reproductive age worldwide. This multifaceted disease exhibits a pathogenesis characterized by hormonal and immune system dysregulations, alongside increased angiogenic activity within the peritoneum. The aberrant proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus is associated with vascularization in ectopic endometriotic lesions. Consequently, RNA interference (RNAi)-based angiogenic therapies targeting the VEGFA gene present a promising strategy for the treatment of endometriosis. To ensure the efficacy of RNAi-based therapy, it is critical to develop carriers capable of precisely delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target cells. Additionally, the instability of polyplexes in vivo must be regarded as a pivotal aspect influencing the success of non-viral delivery. In this study, we introduce ternary polyplexes comprising siRNA and a carrier derived from an arginine–histidine-rich peptide, which is further coated with a glutamate–histidine-rich polymer modified using an SDF-1 chemokine-derived ligand for targeting CXCR4-expressing cells. The physicochemical characteristics of the siRNA-polyplexes, along with cellular toxicity and GFP gene silencing efficacy, were assessed in vitro. The anti-angiogenic potential of anti-VEGFA siRNA-polyplexes was evaluated by measuring the size of endometrial lesions, conducting immunohistochemical staining, and analyzing VEGFA gene expression. For in vivo experiment, a rat model of endometriosis induced by subcutaneous auto-transplantation of uterine tissue was utilized. A significant reduction in the growth of endometriotic implants and silencing of VEGFA gene expression was observed when compared to the saline-treated control group. The results of this study strongly suggest that the developed ternary polyplexes have significant potential as an efficient tool for the development of anti-angiogenic RNAi-based therapies for endometriosis. Full article

Rabbit antithymocyte globulin is one of the most commonly used agents for induction immunosuppression in renal transplantation. It has contributed significantly to improved allograft survival and has a favorable safety profile. Despite its advantages, rabbit antithymocyte globulin carries a rare but potentially life-threatening risk of anaphylaxis, which can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Anaphylaxis is an acute and dramatic complication that requires prompt recognition and immediate management. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of rabbit antithymocyte globulin-associated anaphylaxis. We have also included practical insights from our clinical experience to guide early recognition and management, aiming to help clinicians safely manage this critical adverse event. Full article

Motility disorders, particularly gastroparesis, are prevalent complications following solid organ transplantation, significantly impacting quality of life, nutritional status, graft survival, and mortality. This comprehensive review synthesises evidence from PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prognostic factors across transplant types. Mechanisms include vagal nerve injury (highest in lung transplants, prevalence 40–91%), immunosuppressive effects (e.g., tacrolimus accelerates motility; mycophenolate impairs it), surgical trauma, microbiome dysbiosis (reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio), and metabolic factors like post-transplant diabetes (OR 5.17 in kidney recipients). Pediatric and thoracic recipients face the highest risks, with lung transplant gastroparesis conferring a 2.7-fold increased mortality/retransplantation hazard (p < 0.05). Diagnosis relies on gastric emptying scintigraphy (gold standard, sensitivity 85–95%) and wireless motility capsules (100% sensitivity for delay), while management encompasses prokinetics (60–80% response), endoscopic G-POEM (85% success), gastric electrical stimulation (100% quality-of-life improvement in series), and nutritional support. Prognostic factors include younger age (better intervention response), aetiology (anatomical worse than metabolic), and early therapy success. Outcomes vary: lung recipients experience severe impacts on chronic allograft dysfunction (83% oesophageal motility abnormalities correlate with 66–67% rejection). Future directions emphasise microbiome therapies, AI predictive models (AUC 0.85), and wearables for continuous monitoring. Multidisciplinary approaches are essential to balance immunosuppression with GI management, addressing ethical dilemmas like drug interactions and access disparities. Ultimately, early screening and personalised interventions can mitigate complications, enhancing long-term transplant success. Full article

Background/Objectives: Acute leukemias (AL) in children under 1-year-old are combined under the term “infant leukemia” and are a very rare malignancies, accounting for up to 5% of all childhood AL cases. The predominance of unfavorable clinical and laboratory characteristics leads to unsatisfactory treatment results, even with the use of modern treatment protocols. Patients/Methods: A comprehensive search through MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using infant leukemia-related keywords was performed and included a final set of 52 academic articles. Our own experience included 11 patients with infant leukemia underwent allo-HSCT (allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) at the NN Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in 2021–2023. Types of leukemia included acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic leukemia, and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia. The most frequent cytogenetic aberration was KMT2A. All patients were in clinical and hematological remission, but four had positive MRD status (minimal residual disease). Donors: haploidentical—5 (45.4%), matched unrelated donor—5 (45.4%), and matched related donor—1 (9.2%). Graft manipulations: post-transplant cyclophosphamide was given to three patients with haplo-HSCT, and TCRαβ/CD19 depletion was performed in two patients. The type of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) varied based on the donor. Conditioning regimens were myeloablative. Results: Median follow-up was 23.5 months. Acute GVHD grade I–II developed in two patients (18%) and grade III–IV in three patients (27%). The overall survival rate was 54.5% (n = 6). The relapse rate after allo-HSCT was 18% (n = 2). The most common cause of treatment failure was infectious complications in the early post-transplant period (70%). Conclusions: Our center’s experience demonstrated acceptable transplant-related mortality and satisfactory relapse rates after allo-HSCT in patients with infant leukemia. The treatment of acute leukemia in infants is challenging, and optimal protocols are being developed around the world specifically for these patients. Taking into account the characteristics of this age group, the choice of chemotherapy drug doses should be carefully considered, and the indications for allo-HSCT should be balanced. Full article

Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) experience improved survival and quality of life compared to dialysis treatment, but chronic immunosuppression may increase the risk of de novo post-transplant cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly recognized in this population. This systematic review aims to synthetize contemporary evidence on CRC epidemiology, outcomes, and risk determinants among KTRs. Methods: A comprehensive search for observational and registry-based studies reporting CRC in adult KTRs was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest. The studies found were subsequently subjected to screening, data extraction, and the risk-of-bias appraisal process. Due to heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Twenty-six studies encompassing 863,005 KTRs met inclusion criteria: 22 retrospective cohorts, 1 prospective cohort, 2 cross-sectional, and 1 case-control. Absolute CRC occurrence varies by geography, population, and follow-up. Reported risks ranged from no excess to modestly elevated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs): ~0.76–3.60 overall, with a right-sided colon predominance. Overall, higher mortality and worse prognosis were reported in kidney transplant recipients with colorectal cancer compared to the general population, as a result of later-stage diagnosis and more aggressive histologies. Consistent risk factors included older age, time since transplantation, diabetes and metabolic comorbidities, prior dialysis duration/graft failure, and smoking; the female sex showed higher relative CRC risk in some cohorts. The remarkable role of immunosuppression profiles was consistently highlighted: cyclosporine—azathioprine maintenance and alemtuzumab induction were associated with higher CRC risk in large registries, whereas tacrolimus—mycophenolate regimens showed lower risk signals and mTOR inhibitors suggested possible protective effects. Conclusions: Contemporary evidence suggests a modest, heterogenous increase in CRC risk among KTRs, a proximal (right-sided) predominance, and a tendency toward advanced-stage presentation with reduced survival. These findings justify the need to consider risk-tailored, lifelong surveillance strategies anchored in a full colonoscopy, with earlier initiation in younger or otherwise high-risk recipients, alongside careful optimization and periodic re-evaluation of immunosuppression. Prospective multicenter studies and cost-effectiveness analyses should refine screening thresholds and therapeutic strategies. PROSPERO ID: CRD420251071658. Full article

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) worldwide. Currently, approximately sixty percent of patients are cured with R-CHOP as frontline treatment, while the remaining patients experience primary refractory or relapsed (R/R) disease. Recently, the introduction of Pola-R-CHP as front-line therapy has represented a major advance in the management of DLBCL, resulting in improved outcomes. Prognosis of R/R DLBCL patients is poor, particularly for those eligible neither for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy nor autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), representing a significant unmet clinical need. The advent of bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BsAbs), such as bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), dual affinity retargeting (DART) molecules and IgG-like bispecific antibodies, offers a novel promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of DLBCL, both as frontline treatment and in the R/R setting. BsAbs simultaneously engage two different antigens, a tumor-associated antigen and an immune cell antigen, redirecting T-cells against malignant cells and enhancing the immune response. Most BsAbs developed for the treatment of NHLs engage T-cells via CD3 and malignant B-cells via CD20, a surface antigen expressed on most lymphomatous cells. Engagement of malignant B-cells by BsAbs activates T-cells, leading to the release of multiple cytokines and potentially to two characteristic adverse events: cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). The most extensively studied BsAbs, in both the frontline and relapsed/refractory (R/R) settings, include epcoritamab, glofitamab, mosunetuzumab, and odronextamab. Epcoritamab and glofitamab have received FDA and EMA approval for R/R DLBCL after two or more systemic line of therapies. EMA has also approved glofitamab in combination with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GemOx) for patients with R/R DLBCL ineligible for ASCT, whereas this indication has not been approved by FDA. Odronextamab is approved by EMA for R/R DLBCL and FL in patients who have received at least two prior lines of therapy, but it has not been approved by FDA. Mosunetuzumab is approved by both agencies—but only for R/R follicular lymphoma (FL). BsAbs represent a breakthrough therapy in the treatment of DLBCL, especially in R/R diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the landscape of BsAbs in DLBCL. Full article

Background: Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a high-risk subtype of B-cell ALL characterized by a gene expression profile similar to BCR::ABL1-positive leukemia, but lacking the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene. It is frequently associated with kinase-activating alterations, such as CRLF2 rearrangements, JAK-STAT pathway mutations, and ABL-class fusions. Patients with Ph-like ALL typically experience poor outcomes with conventional chemotherapy, underscoring the need for intensified and targeted therapeutic approaches. Methods: This review summarizes current evidence regarding the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with Ph-like ALL. We analyzed retrospective cohort studies, registry data, and ongoing clinical trials, focusing on transplant indications, molecular risk stratification, measurable residual disease (MRD) status, timing of transplant, and post-transplant strategies. Results: Retrospective data suggest that HSCT in first complete remission (CR1) may improve survival in patients with high-risk molecular lesions or MRD positivity at the end of induction. However, the lack of prospective data specific to Ph-like ALL limits definitive conclusions. Post-transplant relapse remains a challenge, and novel strategies, including the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors or JAK inhibitors as post-HSCT maintenance therapy, are being explored. Emerging immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, may reshape the therapeutic landscape and potentially alter the indications for transplantation. Conclusions: HSCT remains a crucial therapeutic option for selected patients with Ph-like ALL, particularly those with poor molecular risk features or persistent MRD. However, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the indication for HSCT in CR1 and the potential integration of transplantation with targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies. Personalized treatment approaches based on genomic profiling and MRD assessment are essential to improve outcomes in this high-risk subset. Full article

Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) management remains a complex conundrum in the context of potential curable disease. The combination of systemic therapy and surgery, with overall survival outcomes up to 58% at five years, has become the gold standard. Locoregional therapies have gained evidence in complementing surgery or even substituting it in selected cases. Adequate patient selection is paramount, but prognostic models have certain limitations that prevent their full implementation in clinical practice. A plethora of prognostic factors exists, with variable evidence supporting their definitive role. Thus, CRLM management decisions frequently vary depending on multidisciplinary team experience and hospital access to systemic and locoregional treatments. Definition of resectability has evolved in recent years due to technical developments in surgical and non-surgical approaches. Complexity is added when trying to fully understand the integration between local and systemic treatment. Whereas evidence in the context of resectable disease has been attempted in several phase III trials, definitive conclusions regarding the best approach to potentially resectable disease cannot be drawn. In addition, liver transplantation has gained evidence and is proposed in selected patients, raising a challenge regarding its integration and wider implementation. In this review, current standards in the management of CRLM regarding patient selection, resectability, surgical and non-surgical locoregional strategies, as well as the best systemic approach are covered. Full article

Background/Objectives: Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pathological copper accumulation, primarily in the liver and brain. Severe hepatic involvement can be effectively treated with liver transplantation (LT). Geographic variation in ATP7B mutations suggests the presence of regional patterns that may impact disease presentation and management. This study aims to investigate the genetic basis of WD in patients from a major LT center in Iran. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical, biochemical, and pathological data from patients suspected of WD who underwent evaluation for LT between May 2020 and June 2025 at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Genetic testing was carried out on 20 patients at the Shiraz Transplant Research Center (STRC). Direct mutation analysis of ATP7B was performed for all patients, and the results correlated with clinical and demographic information. Results: In total, 20 WD patients who underwent liver transplantation (15 males, 5 females) carried 25 pathogenic or likely pathogenic ATP7B variants, 21 of which were previously unreported. Fifteen patients were homozygous, and five were compound-heterozygous; all heterozygous combinations occurred in the offspring of second-degree consanguineous unions. Recurrent changes included p.L549V, p.V872E, and p.P992S/L, while two nonsense variants (p.E1293X, p.R1319X) predicted truncated proteins. Variants were distributed across copper-binding, transmembrane, phosphorylation, and ATP-binding domains, and in silico AlphaMissense scores indicate damaging effects for most novel substitutions. Post-LT follow-up showed biochemical normalization in the majority of recipients, with five deaths recorded during the study period. Conclusions: This single-center Iranian study reveals a highly heterogeneous ATP7B mutational landscape with a large proportion of novel population-specific variants and underscores the benefit of comprehensive gene sequencing for timely WD diagnosis and family counseling, particularly in regions with prevalent consanguinity. Full article

In traditional scallion cultivation, the bare-root transplanting method—which involves direct seeding, seedling raising in the field, and lifting—is commonly adopted to minimize seedling production costs. However, during the mechanized transplanting of bare-root scallion seedlings, practical problems such as severe seedling damage and poor planting uprightness exist. In this paper, the Hertz–Mindlin with Bonding contact model was used to establish the scallion seedling model. Combined with the Plackett–Burman experiment, steepest ascent experiment, and Box–Behnken experiment, the bonding parameters of scallion seedlings were calibrated. Furthermore, the accuracy of the scallion seedling model parameters was verified through the stress–strain characteristics observed during the actual loading and compression process of the scallion seedlings. The results indicate that the scallion seedling normal/tangential contact stiffness, scallion seedling normal/tangential ultimate stress, and scallion Poisson’s ratio significantly influence the mechanical properties of scallion seedlings. Through optimization experiments, the optimal combination of the above parameters was determined to be 4.84 × 10⁹ N/m, 5.64 × 10⁷ Pa, and 0.38. In this paper, the flexible planting components of scallion seedlings were taken as the research object. Flexible protrusions were added to the planting disc to reduce the damage rate of scallion seedlings, and an EDEM-ADAMS coupling interaction model between the planting components and scallion seedlings was established. Based on this model, optimization and verification were carried out on the key components of the planting components. Orthogonal experiments were conducted with the contact area between scallion seedlings and the disc, rotational speed of the flexible disc, furrow depth, and clamping force on scallion seedlings as experimental factors, and with the uprightness and damage status of scallion seedlings as evaluation criteria. The experimental results showed that when the contact area between scallion seedlings and the disc was 255 mm², the angular velocity was 0.278 rad/s, and the furrow depth was 102.15 mm, the performance of the scallion planting mechanism was optimal. At this point, the uprightness of the scallion seedlings was 94.80% and the damage rate was 3%. Field experiments were carried out based on the above parameters. The results indicated that the average uprightness of transplanted scallion seedlings was 93.86% and the damage rate was 2.76%, with an error of less than 2% compared with the simulation prediction values. Therefore, the parameter model constructed in this paper is reliable and effective, and the designed and improved transplanting mechanism can realize the upright and low-damage planting of scallion seedlings, providing a reference for the low-damage and high-uprightness transplanting operation of scallions. Full article