Search Results (1,519)

Employment promotion and employment realization are the core and fundamental problems in the resettlement of land-expropriated farmers transferred to citizens. To solve this problem, it is necessary to clarify the key factors and mechanisms that affect the employment behavior of “farmers to citizens” workers. Taking the labor force from land-expropriated “farmers to citizens” in the construction of Beijing city sub-center as the research object, this paper utilizes Logistic ISM to determine the key factors affecting the employment behavior of the labor force when changing from rural to urban, as well as the internal logical relationship and hierarchical structure among the influencing factors. The results show that only 40% of the migrant workers in the sample have achieved employment, while 69% of the unemployed population have a willingness to work but are limited by age, skills, and family factors. The logistic regression model identifies that the employment behavior of land-expropriated farmers is significantly affected by 10 factors, including gender, age, work experience, hobbies, employment demand, expenditure change, employment difficulty cognition, government training, policy satisfaction and social security. Among them, ISM further reveals that these factors form a three-level hierarchical mechanism of “structure–cognition–behavior”; gender, social security and policy satisfaction are the deep-root factors, and the intermediate factors, such as hobbies and government training, affect employment demand, employment difficulty cognition and other surface factors, and ultimately affect the employment behavior of land-expropriated “farmers to citizens”. Based on this, it is proposed to start from four aspects: differentiated employment guidance, policy transmission optimization, service efficiency improvement, and industrial driving, to systematically promote the realization of more comprehensive and stable employment for the rural-to-residential population, and provide institutional guarantees and practical paths for their sustainable livelihoods. Full article

Transistor-level Integrated Circuit (IC) design is fundamental to modern electronics, yet it remains one of the most expertise-intensive and time-consuming stages of chip development. As circuit complexity continues to rise, the need to automate this low-level design process has become critical to sustaining innovation and productivity across the semiconductor industry. This study presents a fully automated methodology for transistor-level IC design using a novel framework that integrates Grammatical Evolution (GE) with Cadence SKILL code. Beyond automation, the framework explicitly examines how symmetry and asymmetry shape the evolutionary search space and resulting circuit structures. To address the time-consuming and expertise-intensive nature of conventional integrated circuit design, the framework automates the synthesis of both digital and analogue circuits without requiring prior domain knowledge. A specialised attribute grammar (AG) evolves circuit topology and sizing, with performance assessed by a multi-objective fitness function. Symmetry is analysed at three levels: (i) domain-level structural dualities (e.g., NAND/NOR mirror topologies and PMOS/NMOS exchanges), (ii) objective-level symmetries created by logic threshold settings, and (iii) representational symmetries managed through grammatical constraints that preserve valid connectivity while avoiding redundant isomorphs. Validation was carried out on universal logic gates (NAND and NOR) at multiple logic thresholds, as well as on a temperature sensor. Under stricter thresholds, the evolved logic gates display emergent duality, converging to mirror-image transistor configurations; relaxed thresholds increase symmetric plateaus and slow convergence. The evolved logic gates achieve superior performance over conventional Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS), Transmission Gate Logic (TGL), and Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) implementations, demonstrating lower power consumption, a reduced Power–Delay Product (PDP), and fewer transistors. Similarly, the evolved temperature sensor exhibits improved sensitivity, reduced power, and Integral Nonlinearity (INL), and a smaller area compared to the conventional Proportional to Absolute Temperature (PTAT) or “gold” circuit, without requiring resistors. The analogue design further demonstrates beneficial asymmetry in device roles, breaking canonical structures to achieve higher performance. Across all case studies, the evolved designs matched or outperformed their manually designed counterparts, demonstrating that this GE-based approach provides a scalable and effective path toward fully automated, symmetry-aware integrated circuit synthesis. Full article

To address the challenges of narrow, confined spaces in traditional closed-canopy orchards, where complex terrain between and within rows hinders the operation of large and medium-sized mowers. A self-propelled intra-plant obstacle-avoiding oscillating mower was developed. Its core innovation is an integrated oscillating mechanism that achieves one-pass, full-coverage operation by coordinating a 110° fan-shaped cutting path for inter-row areas with an adaptive flipping contour-cutting action for intra-plant areas. The power and transmission systems were optimized according to the shear and bending forces of three common weed species. The integrated prototype was then built and subjected to field tests. The results showed that the shear and bending forces of all three weed species peaked at 30 mm from the root and stabilized beyond 50 mm. Field tests demonstrated a 100% intra-plant obstacle passage rate, 96.9% cutting width utilization rate, 92.07% stubble height stability coefficient, and a 1.66% missed-cutting rate, which meets the operational requirements of closed-canopy orchards. Full article

This paper reviews, analyses, and suggests practical mitigation techniques at source for reducing vibration-induced annoyance to occupants in building structures that are built on top of significant railway infrastructure. The dynamic characteristics of vibration caused by wheel-rail interaction at metro train depots are different from those on main-lines and conventional studies. Ground-borne vibration in a building directly above a double-deck railway depot was investigated, focusing on vibration attenuation through rail track design, which is more effective and economic compared to treatments at receivers or along prorogation paths. A 2.5-Dimensional finite element model was established to simulate vibration transmission using different combinations of track-forms. Source contribution under different train running conditions has been evaluated by computing vibration levels along the main transmission path. Vibration levels at representative positions in the building rooms have been predicted using the numerical model and have been compared against site measurements at the corresponding locations after the completion of the construction of the depot and buildings. It was found that the 2.5D FE model enables a reasonable prediction of ground-borne vibration from the metro depot, and that by appropriate design of the track-form, a good level of vibration attenuation can be achieved in an economical way. Full article

To prevent swine fever transmission, swine farms in China adopt enclosed management, making strict farm personnel biosecurity essential for minimizing the risk of pathogen introduction. However, current shower-in procedures and personnel movement records on many farms still rely on manual logging, which is prone to omissions and cannot support enterprise-level supervision. To address these limitations, this study develops a digital personnel management system designed specifically for the changing-room environment that forms the core biosecurity barrier. The proposed three-tier architecture integrates distributed identification terminals, local central controllers, and a cloud-based data platform. The system ensures reliable identity verification, synchronizes templates across terminals, and maintains continuous data availability, even in unstable network conditions. Fingerprint-based identity validation and a lightweight CAN-based communication mechanism were implemented to ensure robust operation in electrically noisy livestock facilities. System performance was evaluated through recognition tests, multi-frame template transmission experiments, and high-load CAN/MQTT communication tests. The system achieved a 91.4% overall verification success rate, lossless transmission of multi-frame fingerprint templates, and stable end-to-end communication, with mean CAN-bus processing delays of 99.96 ms and cloud-processing delays below 70.7 ms. These results demonstrate that the proposed system provides a reliable digital alternative to manual personnel movement records and shower duration, offering a scalable foundation for biosecurity supervision. While the present implementation focuses on identity verification, data synchronization, and calculating shower duration based on the interval between check-ins, the system architecture can be extended to support movement path enforcement and integration with wider biosecurity infrastructures. Full article

The global shift to digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) from the conventional analogue has significantly transformed television culture, necessitating comprehensive technical and infrastructural evaluations. This study addresses the limitations of existing path-loss models for accurately predicting path loss in digital terrestrial television broadcasting in the UHF bands, motivated by the need for reliable, location-specific models that account for seasonal, meteorological, and topographical variations in Abeokuta, Nigeria. The study focuses on path-loss prediction in the UHF band using Ogun State Television (OGTV), Abeokuta, Nigeria, as the transmission source. Eight receiving sites, spaced 2 kilometers apart, were selected along a 16.7 km transmission contour. Daily measurements of received signal strength (RSS) and weather conditions were collected over one year. Seasonal path-loss models ${PL}_{wet}$ for the wet season and ${PL}_{dry}$. For the dry season, models were developed using multiple regression analysis and further optimized using least squares (LS) and gradient descent (GD) techniques, resulting in six refined models: ${PL}_{wet}$, ${PL}_{dry}$, ${PL}_{wet-LS}$, ${PL}_{dry-LS}$, ${PL}_{wet-GD}$, and ${PL}_{dry-GD}$. Model performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, Coefficient of Correlation, and Coefficient of Multiple Determination. Results indicate that the Okumura model provided the closest approximation to measured RSS for all the receiving sites, while the Hata and COST-231 models were unsuitable. Among the developed models, ${PL}_{wet}$ ($RMSE- 1.2633$, $MAE - 0.9968$, $MSE - 1.5959$, $R - 0.9935$, $R^2 - 0.9871$) and ${PL}_{dry-LS}$($RMSE- 1.1884$, $MAE - 0.7692$, $MSE - 1.4124$, $R - 0.9942$, $R^2 - 0.9883$) were found to be the most suitable models for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The major influence of location-based elevation and meteorological data on path-loss prediction over digital terrestrial television broadcasting communication lines in Ultra-High-Frequency bands was evident. Full article

To better serve human life with smart and harmonic communication between the real and digital worlds, wearable human–machine interfaces (HMIs) with edge computing capabilities indicate the path to the next revolution of information technology. In this review, we focus on wearable HMIs and highlight several key aspects which are worth investigating. Firstly, we review wearable HMIs powered by commercial-ready technologies, highlighting some limitations. Next, to establish a dual-way interaction for exchanging comprehensive information, sensing and feedback functions on the human body need to be customized based on specific scenarios. Power consumption is another primary issue that is critical to wearable applications due to limited space, one that is possible to be solved by energy harvesting techniques and self-powered data transmission approaches. To further improve the data interpretation with higher intelligence, machine learning (ML)-assisted analysis is preferred for multi-dimensional data. Eventually, with the presence of edge computing systems, those data can be pre-processed locally for downstream applications. Generally, this review offers an overview of the development of intelligent wearable HMIs with edge computing capabilities and self-sustainability, which can greatly enhance the user experience in healthcare, industrial productivity, education, etc. Full article

Despite the growing importance of green building projects, limited research has explored the factors influencing intergenerational knowledge transfer (IGKT) in this context. As green building projects are increasingly characterized by high environmental standards, technological complexity, and interdisciplinary collaboration, effective knowledge transfer from older to younger employees becomes crucial for ensuring the success and sustainability of these projects. This study addresses this gap by systematically examining the key factors influencing IGKT in green building projects, applying an integrated Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology. Firstly, twelve factors were identified across five dimensions: transfer subjects, inter-subject relationships, transfer objects, transfer channels, and transfer context. Based on expert input, a direct influence matrix was constructed, and centrality and cause degrees were calculated to distinguish causal and result factors. Subsequently, the ISM method was employed to classify the key factors hierarchically and develop a multi-level structural model of their interaction paths. Results show that organizational support climate ranked highest in both centrality and influence, while digital transformation capacity emerged as a key driver in green project environments. Surface-level factors (e.g., knowledge absorption and transmission capability) were highly susceptible; intermediate factors (e.g., motivation, knowledge distance) acted as bridges; and deep-level factors (e.g., knowledge complexity and embeddedness), though lower in centrality, posed long-term structural constraints. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing IGKT and fostering effective cross-generational collaboration, which is essential for advancing sustainable practices in the green building sector. Full article

This paper investigates a UAV-assisted wireless communication system that integrates optical wireless communication (LiFi) with conventional RF links to enhance network capacity in crowd-gathering scenarios. While the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) serves as a flying base station providing downlink transmission to mobile ground users, the study places particular emphasis on the role of LiFi as a complementary physical layer technology within heterogeneous networks—an aspect closely connected to optical and photonics advancements. The proposed system is designed for environments such as theme parks and public events, where user groups move collectively toward points of interest (PoIs). To maintain quality of service (QoS) under dynamic mobility, we develop a joint optimization framework that simultaneously designs the UAV’s flight path and resource allocation over time. Given the problem’s non-convexity, a block coordinate descent (BCD) based approach is introduced, which decomposes the problem into power allocation and path planning subproblems. The power allocation step is solved using convex optimization techniques, while the path planning subproblem is handled via successive convex approximation (SCA). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves rapid convergence within 3–5 iterations while guaranteeing 100% heterogeneous QoS satisfaction, ultimately yielding nearly 15.00 bps/Hz system capacity enhancement over baseline approaches. These findings motivate the integration of coordinated three-dimensional trajectory planning for multi-UAV cooperation as a promising direction for further enhancement. Although LiFi is implemented in free-space optics rather than fiber-based sensing, this work highlights a relevant optical technology that may inspire future cross-domain applications, including those in optical sensing, where UAVs and reconfigurable optical links play a role. Full article

This paper proposes a transmission-path selection algorithm with joint computation and communication resource allocation for sixth-generation (6G) mobile edge computing (MEC) networks enhanced by helper-assisted device-to-device (D2D) communication and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). The novelties of this work lie in the joint design of three key components: a helper-assisted D2D uplink scheme, a packet-partitioning cooperative MEC offloading mechanism, and RIS-assisted downlink transmission and deployment design. These components collectively enable diverse transmission paths under strict latency constraints, helping mitigate overload and reduce delay. To demonstrate its performance advantages, the proposed algorithm is compared with a baseline algorithm without helper-assisted D2D or RIS support, under two representative scheduling policies—modified maximum rate and modified proportional fair. Simulation results in single-base station (BS) and dual-BS environments show that the proposed algorithm consistently achieves a higher effective packet-delivery success percentage, defined as the fraction of packets whose total delay (uplink, MEC computation, and downlink) satisfies service-specific latency thresholds, and a lower average total delay, defined as the mean total delay of all successfully delivered packets, regardless of whether individual delays exceed their thresholds. Both metrics are evaluated separately for ultra-reliable low-latency communications, enhanced mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communications services. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm provides solid performance and robustness in supporting diverse 6G services under stringent latency requirements across different scheduling policies and deployment scenarios. Full article

Assessing the performance of the smart-grid system (SGS) under uncertainty is essential for ensuring a reliable energy supply from the perspective of the grid operator. In this study, a multistate smart-grid network (MSGN) is developed to evaluate the delivery capability of the SGS. An MSGN consists of multiple interconnected facilities, where nodes represent energy sources or converters and arcs denote feeders. The output of each facility in the MSGN is modeled as multistate, as maintenance activities and partial failures can result in multiple possible output levels. During power delivery, transmission losses may arise due to heat dissipation and feeder aging, potentially resulting in insufficient power supply at the demand side. From a smart-grid management perspective, delivery reliability, defined as the probability that the MSGN can successfully deliver sufficient power from energy sources to the destination under transmission loss, is adopted as a performance index for evaluating SGS capability. To compute delivery reliability, a minimal-path-based algorithm is developed. A practical SGS is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and to provide managerial insights into smart-grid performance and operational decision-making. Full article

This study proposes a hybrid wireless power transfer (WPT) coupler that integrates a Double-D (DD) coil and a Split Capacitive Plate (SCP) for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) near-field charging stations. The proposed structure arranges the DD coil and SCP orthogonally in a stacked configuration, enabling simultaneous utilization of both magnetic and electric field coupling paths. The equivalent circuit is composed of integrated inductive and capacitive coupling branches. The overall network is divided into subcircuits to define transmission matrices, which are then converted into a 2 × 2 S-parameter matrix. To verify the analytical model, the equivalent circuit results were compared with 3D full-wave simulation outcomes, showing a discrepancy of less than 8%, which is acceptable considering circuit simplification and parasitic effects. Furthermore, simulation results under positional and rotational misalignment conditions confirm that the proposed coupler maintains stable power transfer efficiency even beyond a 25% offset range. These results demonstrate that the complementary coupling mechanism, where one dominant coupling mode compensates for the attenuation of the other, operates effectively under misalignment. Consequently, the proposed hybrid coupler provides a promising alternative for enhancing misalignment tolerance in UAV near-field wireless charging systems. Full article

Elevated stations are essential auxiliary structures within the high-speed rail (HSR) network. The newly constructed integrated elevated station for bridge building possesses a distinctive construction and intricate force transmission pathways, complicating the assessment of the dynamic coupling of train vibrations. Consequently, it is essential to examine the dynamic reaction of trains at such stations. This study utilises numerical simulation and field measurement techniques to examine the dynamic features of the newly constructed integrated elevated station for bridge building. Initially, vibration tests were performed on existing integrated elevated stations for bridge construction to assess their dynamic properties. The collected data were utilised to validate the modelling approach and parameter selection for the numerical model of existing stations, yielding a numerical solution method appropriate for bridge-station integrated stations. Secondly, utilising this technology, a numerical model of the newly integrated elevated station for bridge construction was developed to examine its dynamic features. Moreover, the impact of spatial configuration, train velocity, and operational organisation on the dynamic characteristics was analysed in greater depth. The vibration response level in the waiting hall was assessed. Research results indicate that structural joints alter the transmission path of train vibration energy, thereby significantly affecting the vibration characteristics of the station. The vibration response under double-track operation is notably greater than that under single-track operation. When two trains pass simultaneously at a speed of 200 km/h or higher, or a single train passes at 350 km/h, the maximum Z-vibration level of the waiting hall floor exceeds 75 dB, which goes beyond the specification limit. Full article

Driven by innovations in digital technologies, the digital economy is reshaping societal production and consumption patterns, exerting systematic effects on the energy system through the digital transformation of both the supply and demand sides of energy. Based on empirical analysis using provincial panel data from China between 2011 and 2022, this study demonstrates that the development of the digital economy significantly suppresses the scale of energy consumption while simultaneously improving energy utilization efficiency. After applying the instrumental variable method (with the interaction term of fixed-line telephones and information technology service revenue as the IV) and conducting multiple robustness checks (including lagged explanatory variables, variable substitution, sample trimming, and additional control variables), the core conclusion remains statistically significant. Mechanism tests reveal that the collaborative effects of green technological innovation, the upgrading of industrial structure, and digital inclusive finance form the key transmission path. Finally, heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of the digital economy on energy consumption and energy efficiency is particularly pronounced in western regions, demonstrating significant regional heterogeneity. Full article

As the core observation instrument of the China Space Station Telescope (CSST), the Survey Camera (SC) generates microvibrations that significantly degrade the telescope’s imaging quality. Consequently, evaluating the microvibration response of the SC is of critical importance. However, for large-inertia, high-stiffness payloads like the SC with discrete interfaces, structural coupling between the payload and the test system leads to distortions in microvibration test results. Since the vibration transmission under structural coupling is not a simple series superposition, and the transfer functions of each link in the transmission path as well as the coupling correction matrices are difficult to obtain, this paper proposes a semi-physical simulation method for microvibration decoupling. The method first establishes a coupled finite element model of the SC and the test system. The model is iteratively modified based on the results of modal tests and transmissibility tests to ensure consistency with the dynamic characteristics of the actual coupled system. The model is validated through microvibration response tests, and the results show good agreement between the model and the actual system (the RMS deviation of force/torque is less than 5%). After stripping the test system from the modified coupled model, the intrinsic microvibration responses of the SC can be extracted, achieving the dynamic decoupling analysis of the complex coupled system. Full article