Search Results (36,066)

The carved lacquer horse-hoof-shaped box excavated from Yulin, Shaanxi Province, represents a typical example of lacquerware preservation in the arid environment of northern China, exhibiting multiple deterioration phenomena, including substrate deformation, lacquer film peeling, and pigment fading. To systematically analyze its structural composition and craftsmanship features, this study employed multiple analytical techniques, including ultra-depth microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), confocal laser micro-Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Based on these analyses, a targeted conservation protocol was developed. Results revealed that the carved lacquer horse-hoof-shaped box has a wooden substrate structure, with the lacquer ash layer composed of mixed materials, including calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), quartz (SiO₂), and hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂). The lacquer film layer contains Chinese lacquer and plant oils, with cinnabar applied as surface decoration. Based on these findings, a stratified reinforcement conservation strategy was proposed: under dynamic monitoring with optical fiber sensors and three-dimensional scanning, the wooden substrate was reinforced with moisture-curable polyurethane (MCPU), the lacquer ash layer was strengthened with acrylic emulsion (Primal AC33), aged areas were restored with nano calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) aqueous dispersion, and polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) poultice application was implemented to restore the flexibility of the lacquer film. This research significantly enhanced the integrity and stability of the carved lacquer horse-hoof-shaped box, providing practical evidence and technical references for the scientific conservation of lacquerware excavated from arid regions of northern China. Full article

As a major metabolic abnormality following hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia has emerged as a significant global public health issue. The pathological mechanisms of hyperuricemia are complex; it not only directly triggers gout but is also closely associated with various chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, posing a systemic threat to individual health. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical consequences, and related risk factors of hyperuricemia, and especially focuses on the research advances and mechanisms of comprehensive intervention strategies, including diet, exercise, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle modifications. Dietary interventions primarily function by regulating the activity of enzymes and transporters related to uric acid metabolism, ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis, and alleviating inflammatory responses. Exercise interventions synergistically improve uric acid homeostasis through multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of purine metabolic enzyme activity and the improvements of body composition, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Pharmacotherapy, serving as a core measure for patients with moderate-to-severe conditions, directly lowers serum uric acid levels by inhibiting uric acid production or promoting excretion. Although various intervention modalities exhibit distinct effects in regulating uric acid production, promoting excretion, and improving the metabolic-inflammatory environment, challenges such as significant heterogeneity in individual response and uncertainty regarding long-term efficacy remain prevalent. Furthermore, given the increasing trend toward a younger onset of hyperuricemia, prevention and control strategies targeting children and adolescents require urgent reinforcement. Future efforts should focus on conducting multi-center, large-sample clinical studies with clear mechanisms and establishing individualized health management plans based on population characteristics, thereby promoting the precise prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia. Full article

Background/Objectives: In recent years, improvements and innovative treatments in pediatric cancer have significantly increased survival rates, but challenges in both cognitive and psychosocial development in children remain significant. This review applies a comprehensive framework to evaluate psychosocial interventions in pediatric populations, offering novel insights into intervention strategies and their effectiveness across diverse contexts. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for the period 2000–2024. Controlled studies, systematic reviews, and qualitative studies examining psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents with cancer or survivors were included. Quality assessment was performed using the RoB2 tool, and data were analyzed using narrative synthesis by age group and type of intervention. Results: Studies have shown that developmentally targeted interventions, such as therapeutic play, cognitive–behavioral therapy, and school reintegration programs, improve emotional regulation, cognitive functioning, and social adjustment in children with cancer. However, the heterogeneity of the samples and the variety of measurements limit the generalizability of the results. Conclusions: Integrating a developmental perspective into the design of psychosocial interventions can enhance their effectiveness and sustainability in pediatric oncology. Future research should focus on long-term, culturally sensitive programs and their implementation in clinical practice. Full article

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) share a profound epidemiological link, supported by Mendelian randomization studies suggesting causality. This review articulates a refined Gut–Kidney Axis, focusing on the pathophysiology of indole-derived uremic toxins. CKD-induced dysbiosis drives hepatic synthesis and systemic accumulation of indoxyl sulfate, which is proposed to promote carcinogenesis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and Akt signaling, ultimately upregulating c-Myc and EGFR. We propose a two-compartment model: while systemic indoxyl sulfate reflects the total gut indole pool (mainly from planktonic bacteria), adherent bacteria like Fusobacterium nucleatum may create high-concentration indole hotspots within the tumor microenvironment. Clinically, we advocate for protein-independent DNA methylation biomarkers (SEPT9, SDC2) to avoid renal confounding. Furthermore, we propose a novel diagnostic panel integrating serum indoxyl sulfate (systemic load) and urinary indoxyl sulfate (gut production) to guide therapy. Therapeutically, targeting upstream drivers (AhR/Akt) may bypass resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in KRAS-mutated tumors. We also discuss the repurposing of the oral adsorbent AST-120 and emerging bacteriophage therapies as strategies to disrupt this oncogenic axis. This review offers a comprehensive framework for stratified management of CKD-associated CRC. Full article

Industrial symbiosis and carbon capture are increasingly recognized as critical strategies for reducing emissions and resource consumption in industrial parks. However, existing research remains fragmented across tools, methods, and case-specific applications, providing limited guidance for effective real-world deployment of data-driven approaches. This study addresses this gap through a PRISMA-guided scoping review of 116 publications, complemented by a targeted practitioner survey conducted within the IEA IETS Task 21 initiative to assess practical relevance and adoption challenges. The review identifies a broad landscape of data-driven tools, ranging from high-technology-readiness simulation and optimization platforms to emerging visualization and matchmaking solutions. While the literature demonstrates substantial methodological maturity, the combined evidence reveals a persistent gap between tool availability and effective implementation. Key barriers include fragmented and non-standardized data infrastructures, confidentiality constraints, limited stakeholder coordination, and weak policy and market incentives. Based on the integrated analysis of literature and practitioner insights, the paper proposes a conceptual framework that links tools and methods with data infrastructure, stakeholder governance, policy, and market enablers, and implementation contexts. The findings highlight that improving data governance, interoperability, and collaborative implementation pathways is as critical as advancing analytical capabilities. The study concludes by outlining focused directions for future research, including AI-enabled optimization, standardized data-sharing frameworks, and coordinated pilot projects to support scalable low-carbon industrial transformation. Full article

Nonsense mutations, responsible for ~11% of gene lesions causing human monogenic diseases, introduce premature termination codons (PTCs) that lead to truncated proteins and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). In the central nervous system (CNS), these mutations drive severe, progressive neurological conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy, Rett syndrome, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Readthrough therapies—strategies to override PTCs and restore full-length protein expression—have evolved from early aminoglycosides to modern precision tools including suppressor tRNAs, RNA editing, and CRISPR-based platforms. Yet clinical translation remains hampered by inefficient CNS delivery, variable efficacy, and the absence of personalized stratification. In this review, we propose a translational framework—the 4 Ds of Readthrough Therapy—to systematically address these barriers. The framework dissects the pipeline into Detection (precision patient identification and biomarker profiling), Delivery (engineered vectors for CNS targeting), Decoding (context-aware molecular correction), and Durability (long-term safety and efficacy). By integrating advances in machine learning, nanocarriers, base editing, and adaptive trial designs, this roadmap provides a structured strategy to bridge the translational gap. We advocate that a synergistic, modality-tailored approach will transform nonsense suppression from palliative care to durable, precision-based cures for once-untreatable neurological disorders. Full article

Harmful algal blooms pose significant risks to water resource management and aquatic ecosystem health, rendering early detection of algal bloom proliferation essential. In this study, we present an electrochemical strategy for the real-time detection of individual Chlorella cells using the single-particle collision method at an ultramicroelectrode (UME). The detection principle relies on monitoring changes in the redox probe flux at the UME induced by attachment of the target. Both diffusional and migrational transport were considered to promote particle collision at the UME. Detection sensitivity for negatively charged microalgae was enhanced by exploiting migration effects. To control migration strength, neutral and charged redox probes were selected, and the ionic strength was adjusted to tune electrostatic attraction, yielding microalgae capture on the UME with a collision frequency that depended on the solution composition. Conversely, migration was suppressed by increasing the ionic strength, and inverse migration was implemented, and resulting collision responses were compared. Furthermore, COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were used to estimate the size of detected Chlorella cells. The collision frequencies expected from diffusion and migration were compared with the experimental values, and a calibration curve relating collision frequency to Chlorella concentration was established. Consequently, this methodology provides a promising platform for the early monitoring of algal blooms by simultaneously determining microalgal size and concentration. Full article

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant public health concern in Indonesia, with increasing cases and severity posing challenges to the country’s healthcare systems. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based prediction model for assessing dengue infection cases and their severity. The model incorporates epidemiological, clinical, and environmental factors to enhance early detection and resource allocation. Additionally, the model can be utilized to support logistics planning, such as the distribution of diagnostic kits and the preparation of health facilities in each region across Indonesia, ensuring timely and targeted responses to potential outbreaks. We applied various machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, and SVM models, and evaluated them to determine the most effective predictive model. The results demonstrate the model’s efficacy in predicting dengue cases and severity, which can support public health interventions and clinical decision-making. Geospatial clustering and correlation matrices were generated to visualize risk patterns and support predictions. The XGBoost model demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an accuracy of 85%. Our findings suggest that integrating clinical and environmental data through machine learning (ML) techniques can significantly improve early detection and inform resource allocation strategies. The model offers a promising approach for public health surveillance and targeted interventions in dengue-endemic regions. Full article

Infectious diseases present persistent and complex challenges to global public health, with conventional antibiotic therapies increasingly limited by antimicrobial resistance, microbiota disruption, and adverse effects. There is a critical need to explore complementary strategies that augment host defense mechanisms without exacerbating these limitations. Accumulating evidence underscores the integral role of the gut microbiota—a diverse microbial ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract—in regulating systemic immunity and pathogen susceptibility. This review synthesizes recent advances from animal models to delineate the multi-faceted mechanisms by which commensal microbes and their metabolites confer protection against enteric and respiratory infections. Key processes include competitive exclusion for nutrients and ecological niches, production of antimicrobial compounds, reinforcement of intestinal barrier integrity, and orchestration of local and systemic immunity via gut–lung axes. We further discuss the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions to enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. By integrating mechanistic insights with translational applications, this review aims to inform the rational design of next-generation anti-infective strategies grounded in microbial ecology and host immunobiology. Full article

Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is a costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated T-cells, while the ICOS ligand (ICOSL) is expressed on antigen-presenting cells. The ICOS–ICOSL axis promotes the survival of memory and effector T-cells and induces several immune responses. In addition, the ICOS–ICOSL interaction induces cell proliferation, cell survival, and cytokine production. The roles of ICOS and ICOSL in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of ICOS and ICOSL in CTCL. The tumor cells co-expressed ICOS and ICOSL, and the upregulated expression of ICOS and ICOSL reflected disease severity. Anti-ICOS and anti-ICOSL neutralizing antibodies inhibited both the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of CTCL cell lines. The anti-ICOSL neutralizing antibodies induced apoptosis and suppressed CCR4 expression on tumor cells, inhibiting CCR4–CCL17-mediated migration. These results suggest that the ICOS–ICOSL axis plays an essential role in CTCL pathogenesis, and targeting the ICOS–ICOSL axis could be a viable strategy for treating CTCL. Full article

In the production of clad rolled plates from asymmetric sandwich-type slab for pipeline applications, achieving both target mechanical properties and high geometric flatness remains a critical challenge due to differential thermal stresses between the dissimilar steel layers during accelerated cooling. This study aims to develop an optimal cooling schedule for a 25 mm thick clad plate, comprising a X70-grade steel base layer and an AISI 316L cladding, to ensure required strength and minimal bending. A comprehensive approach was employed, integrating a 3D finite element model (Ansys) for simulating thermoelastic stresses with a CatBoost machine learning model trained on industrial data to predict heat transfer coefficients accurately. A parametric analysis of cooling strategies was conducted. Results showed that a standard cooling strategy caused unacceptable bending of plate after cooling exceeding 130 mm. An optimized strategy featuring delayed activation of the lower cooling headers (on the cladding side) created a compensating thermoelastic moment, successfully reducing bending to approximately 20 mm while maintaining the base layer’s requisite mechanical properties. The findings validate the efficacy of the combined FEM-machine learning methodology and propose a viable, industrially implementable cooling strategy for high-quality clad plate production. Full article

Accurate genotyping of small insertions and deletions (InDels; <5 bp) remains technically challenging in routine molecular breeding, largely due to the limited resolution of agarose gel electrophoresis and the labor-intensive nature of polyacrylamide-based assays. Here, we present the Tri-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System (TP-ARMS), a simple and cost-effective PCR-based strategy that enables high-resolution genotyping of small InDels using standard agarose gels. The TP-ARMS employs a universal reverse primer in combination with two allele-specific forward primers targeting insertion and deletion alleles, respectively. This design allows clear discrimination of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes using a two-tube PCR workflow. The method showed complete concordance with Sanger sequencing in detecting 1–5 bp InDels across multiple crop species, including rice (Oryza sativa) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). In addition, using a TP-ARMS reduced experimental time by approximately 90% compared with PAGE-based approaches and avoided the high equipment and DNA quality requirements of fluorescence-based assays. The practical applicability of the TP-ARMS was demonstrated in breeding populations, including efficient genotyping of a 3-bp InDel in OsNRAMP5 associated with cadmium accumulation and a 6-bp promoter InDel in OsSPL10 underlying natural variation in rice trichome density across 370 accessions. Collectively, the TP-ARMS provides a robust, scalable, and low-cost solution for precise small InDel genotyping, with broad applicability in marker-assisted breeding and functional genetic studies. Full article

The development of effective vaccines is a critical step in effective disease management in aquaculture. This study introduces a novel Multiepitope Chimeric Vaccine (MCV) designed to enhance immunity in lumpfish against Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, Moritella viscosa and Piscirickettsia salmonis. Epitopes from major toxins and virulence factors were selected to construct the MCV in silico. Structural validation showed 96.7% of residues in favored regions, confirming stability. Codon optimization yielded a G+C content of 54.61% and a Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) of 1, indicating strong expression potential in Escherichia coli. Immune simulations predicted robust B- and T-cell responses, suggesting induction of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Experimental vaccination of lumpfish (n = 35/group) with E. coli-expressed MCV led to significantly elevated IgM levels at four- and six-weeks post-vaccination (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01, respectively). Upon pathogen challenge, vaccinated groups showed delayed mortality against V. anguillarum, A. salmonicida, and P. salmonis, though survival differences were not statistically significant across treatments. These results highlight the immunogenicity potential of the MCV and its capacity to elicit targeted immune responses. However, further optimization is necessary to improve protective efficacy and survival outcomes. This study lays a foundation for the application of multiepitope vaccines in lumpfish aquaculture and supports ongoing efforts toward sustainable disease control strategies. Full article

Background/Objectives: The oncoprotein EWS::FLI1 is a chimeric transcription factor that aberrantly brings transcriptional deregulation relevant to Ewing sarcoma. It is also regarded as a therapeutic target for suppressing oncogenic progression, but the inhibition and clearance of the EWS::FLI1 oncoprotein remain a challenge. Methods: We apply a polyglutamine (polyQ) fusion strategy to directly target EWS::FLI1 in suppression of its transcriptional malfunction in A673 cells derived from Ewing sarcoma. Based on the template of the N-terminal fragment of polyQ-expanded ataxin-7 (Atx7_93Q-N172) and the homologous peptides of EWS::FLI1, we have designed and constructed three polyQ fusion proteins, namely Atx7_93Q-N172-SYGQ1, Atx7_93Q-N172-SYGQ2, and Atx7_93Q-N172-LCD. Results: Supernatant/pellet fractionation and immunofluorescence imaging reveal that the polyQ fusion proteins co-precipitate and co-localize with EWS::FLI1 in A673 cells, indicating that the polyQ fusions we have designed can sequester endogenous EWS::FLI1 into insoluble aggregates and reduce its cellular availability. Moreover, these polyQ fusions, especially Atx7_93Q-N172-LCD, alter the expression of EWS::FLI1 downstream genes, with an increase in P21 (CDKN1A) and a decrease in c-Myc. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the engineered polyQ fusions entrap endogenous EWS::FLI1 protein into aggregates and reduce its soluble fraction in Ewing sarcoma cells. This study provides an alternative potential for treating Ewing sarcoma and other tumors by directly targeting the oncogenic proteins in the future. Full article

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV vaccination is the most effective public health strategy for its prevention. Understanding the factors influencing vaccination intentions is critical for developing effective public health policies and improving population-level vaccine uptake. Therefore, in this scoping review, we aimed to examine HPV vaccination research conducted in Korea, identify common trends and gaps in study populations and influencing factors, and provide evidence-based recommendations for public health policies. Methods: We systematically searched four Korean databases—Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), DBpia, Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and National Digital Science Library (NDSL)—for studies published from their respective inception dates to January 2025, using “human papillomavirus,” “HPV,” “vaccination,” and “intention” as keywords. Thirty-six studies were ultimately included. Study characteristics, populations, theoretical frameworks, and key variables were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: Of the included studies, 61.1% and 38.9% targeted vaccination-eligible individuals (adolescents and adults) and parents/guardians, respectively, with 50% focusing exclusively on women. The major factors influencing HPV vaccination intention were attitude (47.2%), subjective norms (38.9%), and perceived behavioral control (30.9%). Attitude and knowledge were critical for vaccination-eligible individuals (Direct group), whereas subjective norms were key for parents/guardians (Indirect group). Conclusions: Korean HPV vaccination intention research has predominantly focused on women and parents, with insufficient attention to adolescents and men. Public health strategies must employ multilevel interventions tailored to each group’s decision-making structures, including school-based programs for adolescents, gender-inclusive policies for men, and community-based approaches to address social norms among parents. These findings provide evidence for policy development aligned with the WHO cervical cancer elimination goals. Full article