Terrestrial laser scanning can provide high-resolution, two-dimensional sampling of soil surface roughness. While previous studies demonstrated the usefulness of these roughness measurements in geophysical applications, questions about the number of...
Surface flatness is an important indicator for the quality assessment of concrete surfaces during and after slab construction in the construction industry. Thanks to its speed and accuracy, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been popularly used for...
Surface roughness quality is still a significant problem in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. This study proposes a wobble-based scanning strategy to improve the insufficiencies of the traditional scanning strategy with regard to surface ro...
We demonstrate a reconfigurable beam steerable meta-surface through a graphene-biased slot-array over a grounded quartz substrate. More specifically, the graphene meta-elements can be dynamically tuned to program the radiations by applying adequate D...
The microstructural changes of bones, which form a hierarchy of skeletal tissue, vary, depending on their condition, and are affected by the behaviors of bone cells. The purpose of this study is to assess the microstructural changes in the inner femo...
After an electromagnetic railgun launch, a series of damage phenomena may cause the inner bore surface to become complex, such as gouging and deposition. Furthermore, the rail surface will be uneven and blackened by oxidation. To understand these for...
Circular scanning synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a novel imaging mode wherein the radar antenna rotates from 0 degrees to 360 degrees along the platform flight direction, providing us with a potentially effective technique to estimate the sea surf...
We studied the O2 dissociated state under the different O2 exposed temperatures with atomic resolution by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and imaged the O adatom by simultaneous atomic force microscopy (AFM)/scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The e...
Surface angled cracks on critical components in high-speed machinery can lead to fractures under stress and pressure, posing a significant threat to the operational safety of equipment. To detect surface angled cracks on critical components, this pap...
Mesoporous silica and its derivatives might enable applications ranging from biomedicine to petrochemical processing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements are usually used to...
In order to obtain a highly accurate profile of a measured three-dimensional (3D) free-form surface, a scanning measuring device has to produce extremely dense point cloud data with a great sampling rate. Bottlenecks are created owing to inefficienci...
The topography measurement accuracy of coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) suffers from the local characteristic of micro-structured surfaces, such as local surface slopes. A cylindrical reference artefact made of single-mode fiber with high roun...
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy (STM/S), with its exceptional surface sensitivity and exquisite energy resolution, is well suited for the investigation of surface states down to atomic length scales. As such, it became an essential too...
The knowledge of the hull shape and geometry of a racing vessel is one of the most important factors for predicting boat performance. The Offshore Racing Congress (ORC) rating system specifies the calculation parameters of the hydrodynamic forces of...
The Cu(111) surface is an important substrate for catalysis and the growth of 2D materials, but a comprehensive understanding of the preparation and formation of well-ordered and atomically clean Cu(111) surfaces is still lacking. In this work, the m...
The effect of the scanning strategy during selective laser melting (SLM) of Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. An optimized cellular scan strategy (island scan modeled) was compared to a simple cellular scan strategy (island scan stripes) and a simple antip...
Granite stones are the most abundant rock of the crust. Due to their beauty, durability, and virtually zero maintenance, they have been used widely since ancient times in all types of construction, as a structural or decorative element. Commonly, thi...
This paper proposes a novel THz band 2-D wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna (PAA) based on a decoupling surface. The simulated S11 bandwidth under periodic boundary conditions is 106–119 GHz, with stable gain within the bandwidth. The des...
A digital model of the ground surface has many potential applications in forestry. Nowadays, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is one of the main sources for collecting morphological data. Point clouds obtained via laser scanning are used for model...
Dental ceramics is a highly esthetic material and its surface properties can impact its roughness, bonding properties, as well as strength and wear. The aim of the study is to analyze the surface characteristics by the determination of the roughness...
Urban forests are part of the global forest network, providing important benefits to human societies. Advances in remote-sensing technology can create detailed 3D images of trees, giving novel insights into tree structure and function. We used terres...
In order to apply laser cladding technology to the complex surface processing of hot-working dies, this study developed a numerical model for curved surface laser cladding along various scanning trajectories under multi-physics coupling considering t...
The spatiotemporal evolution of photogenerated charge carriers on surfaces and at interfaces of photoactive materials is an important issue for understanding fundamental physical processes in optoelectronic devices and advanced materials. Conventiona...
This paper proposes a wide-angle beam scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) fed by a novel spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) transmission line (TL). In the proposed LWA, circular metallic patches are periodically loaded on both sides of the SSPP TL...
The purpose of this work is to explore the effect of temporal sampling on the accuracy of the hourly mean Surface Solar Irradiance (SSI) estimation. An upgraded version of the Advanced Model for the Estimation of Surface Solar Irradiance from Satelli...
Four novel substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antennas are proposed, in order to obtain K-band beam scanning through the coplanar meta-surfaces of properly devised complementary split-ring resonators. More specifically, coplanar rhombus- and hexago...
Optical interferometry plays an important role in the topographical surface measurement and characterization in precision/ultra-precision manufacturing. An appropriate surface reconstruction algorithm is essential in obtaining accurate topography inf...
Profile measurement is a key technical enabler in the manufacturing of highly curved freeform surfaces due to their complex geometrical shape. A current optical probe was used to measure nearly rotary freeform surfaces with the help of one rotation a...
Thanks to the line-scanning camera, the measurement method based on line-scanning stereo vision has high optical accuracy, data transmission efficiency, and a wide field of vision. It is more suitable for continuous operation and high-speed transmiss...
Purpose. The aim of this scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was to investigate the interface between the bone and a novel nanostructured calcium-incorporated dental implant surface in humans. Methods. A dental implant (Anyridge®, Megagen Implan...
Microvilli are bristle-like protuberances of the plasma membrane, which express the vitality of mucous and epithelial cells; their alteration indicates a condition of cellular suffering in a predictive sense, making it possible to establish how much...
The surface of Inconel 625, a nickel-base alloy, was strengthened by vacuum electron beam scanning technology. The evolution of its microstructure was analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and the friction and wear tester (RETC). The re...
By using an atomic force microscope (AFM) coupled to a fast scanning chip calorimeter (FSC), AFM-tip induced crystal nucleation/crystallization in poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has been studied at low melt-supercooling, that is, at a temperature typica...
The propagation process of the surface acoustic waves (SAW) and the pseudo-surface acoustic waves (PSAW) in a bonded layered structure of a 41° YX-cut of a LiNbO3 crystal/Si(100) crystal was investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method...
Interproximal enamel reduction (IER) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure commonly used in orthodontics to address both functional and aesthetic issues. Its mechanical effects on enamel surfaces induce the formation of grooves, furrows, scra...
The microcave array with extreme large aspect ratio was fabricated on the p-GaN capping layer followed by Ag nanoparticles preparation. The coupling distance between the dual-wavelength InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells and the localized surface plasm...
As a revolutionary new technique, laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) is a layer additive manufacturing process that enables accurate, rapid and automatic repair of industrial component damage. In the laser repair (LR) process or in service, surface...
Laser surface texturing (LST) is one of the most promising technologies for controllable surface structuring and the acquisition of specific physical surface properties needed in functional surfaces. The quality and processing rate of the laser surfa...
In mechanical engineering, interest in reliable and practicable technologies for nano- and microstructuring of tool surfaces is increasing. Femtosecond laser structuring offers a promising approach that combines high processing speeds with high preci...
Metal additive manufacturing technologies have great potential for future use in load-bearing aerospace applications, requiring a deeper understanding of mechanical performance and influencing factors. The objective of this study was to investigate t...
Femtosecond laser-assisted material surface modification is a rapidly growing field with numerous applications, including tribology, micromechanics, optofluidics, and medical implant treatment. For many of these applications, precise control of surfa...
Limb disability is a frequent healthcare problem, especially for patients in primary care. Orthotic treatment has become the most common practice for either rehabilitation or permanent assistance, due to the emergence of 3D scanning and 3D printing t...
3D facial landmarks are known to be diagnostically relevant biometrics for many genetic syndromes. The objective of this study was to extend a state-of-the-art image-based 2D facial landmarking algorithm for the challenging task of 3D landmark identi...
Robotised Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) has revolutionised the field, increasing the speed of repetitive scanning procedures and ability to reach hazardous environments. Application of robot-assisted NDT within specific industries such as remanufactu...
Over the past few years, accurate 3D surface reconstruction using remotely-sensed data has been recognized as a prerequisite for different mapping, modelling, and monitoring applications. To fulfill the needs of these applications, necessary data are...
Background: Sterilization is required for any biomedical device intended to be used in contact with the human body. Several studies have reported alterations in the bulk and surface properties of such devices after repeated sterilization cycles. Thes...
Surface urban heat islands are widely focused on due to their close relationship with a series of environmental issues. Obtaining a precise footprint is an important prerequisite for heat island research. However, the land surface temperature curves...
Just as the sense of touch complements vision in various species, several robots could benefit from advanced tactile sensors, in particular when operating under poor visibility. A prominent tactile sense organ, frequently serving as a natural paragon...
Owing to the characteristics of how a laser interacts with the water surface and water column, the measured Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) intensity values are different with respect to the laser wavelength, the scanning geometry and the reflect...
In order to study the microstructure and properties of stainless steel after laser surface remelting, based on the theory of laser surface remelting, a simulation model of nanosecond-pulsed laser surface remelted stainless steel was established to st...
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