Observational data on ocean subsurface temperature and salinity are patently insufficient because in situ observations are complex and costly, while satellite remote-sensed measurements are abundant but mainly focus on sea surface data. To make up fo...
As one global issue, soil salinization has caused soil degradation, thus affecting the sustainable development of irrigated agriculture. A two-year study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to identify the effects of subsurface drainage spacing on soil sa...
In this paper, we develop a deep learning neural network characterized by feature fusion and physical guidance (denoted as FFPG-net) for reconstructing subsurface sea temperature (T) and salinity (S) from sea surface data. Designed with the idea of f...
This study addresses secondary soil salinization driven by shallow groundwater in the Yanqi Basin of southern Xinjiang, focusing on subsurface drainage system (SDS) optimization for salt regulation and oil sunflower productivity improvement in severe...
Satellite remote sensing can provide observation information of the sea surface, and using the sea surface information to reconstruct the subsurface temperature (ST) and subsurface salinity (SS) information has significant application values. This st...
Accurately estimating the ocean’s interior structures using sea surface data is of vital importance for understanding the complexities of dynamic ocean processes. In this study, we proposed an advanced machine-learning method, the Light Gradien...
Subsurface drainage and organic fertilizer application are two important measures for improving saline–alkali soils, while the effects of different drainage spacings combined with organic fertilizer application amounts on alfalfa growth and coa...
The subsurface pipe drainage project is essential in farmland drainage operations and is globally recognized as an effective saline–alkali land improvement measure owing to its efficient drainage capacity and low land occupation rate. This stud...
A sustainable irrigation system is known to improve the farmland soil water-salt environment and increase crop yields. However, the sustainable use of saline irrigation water under proper drainage measures still needs further study. In this study, a...
A field experiment was conducted on sunflowers in a mild-to-moderate saline–alkaline area in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation region in China. The experimental design included using surface drip irrigation as a control (CK) and four subsurface dr...
This study aimed to explore the characteristics of water and salt transport in saline-alkali grassland, effectively guide the ecological construction of saline-alkali grassland along the Yellow River in western Inner Mongolia, and provide a theoretic...
The study aims to explore saline drainage modeling in coastal saline soils, particularly focusing on subsurface pipe drainage in the Shanghai coastal area. Utilizing Hydrus-2D/3D-2.05 software, dynamic changes in soil–water–salt under var...
Coastal saline–alkaline soils are characterized by high salinity and poor permeability. Subsurface drainage and biochar amendment are both practical methods, and their combination may overcome the limitations of individual measures and achieve...
In arid regions, soil salinization and inefficient water use are major challenges to sustainable agricultural development. Optimizing subsurface drainage system layouts is critical for improving saline soil reclamation efficiency. This study conducte...
The large variations in salinity at the salinity maximum in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), as an indicator for the changes in the Kuroshio intrusion (KI), play an important role in the hydrological cycle. The high salinity here is more than 34....
As an effective method to improve saline–alkali land, the drainage from subsurface pipes has been extensively studied in typical arid and semi-arid agricultural areas (Hetao Irrigation District). However, there are few studies on the improvemen...
Ocean observation is essential for studying ocean dynamics, climate change, and carbon cycles. Due to the difficulty and high cost of in situ observations, existing ocean observations are inadequate, and satellite observations are mostly surface obse...
The agricultural development of reclaimed coastal areas in Jiangsu Province is significantly hindered by high soil salinity and an inadequate irrigation and drainage infrastructure. Optimizing the layout of subsurface drainage systems has been identi...
The low permeability of soil and high investment of salt management pose great challenges for implementation of land reclamation in coastal areas. In this study, a temporary soil leaching system was tested in which bundled maize straw (straw drainage...
There is a growing interest in using sparse in situ salinity data to reconstruct high-resolution three-dimensional subsurface salinity with global coverage. However, in areas with no observations, there is a lack of observation data for comparison wi...
A two-year (2024–2025) field experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang to alleviate soil compaction and severe salinization in saline–alkali soils and to evaluate the combined effects of tillage depth and subsurface drain spacing on s...
The salinization of cultivated soil in arid zones is a core obstacle restricting the sustainable development of agriculture, particularly in regions like Xinjiang, China, where extreme aridity and intensive irrigation practices exacerbate salt accumu...
The salt distribution characteristics in arid areas are directly related to the sustainable development of agriculture. We study the characteristics of spatial changes of soil water and salt in farmland under the full anniversary of different culvert...
Soil salinization affects more than 25% of land globally. Subsurface pipe drainage is known for its effectiveness in improving saline–alkali land. The red clay layer (RCL) hinders soil improvement in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongo...
Initial land reclamation of the saline soils often requires higher drainage intensity for quick leaching of salts from the soil profile; however, drainage pipes placed at closer spacing may result in higher cost. Seeking an inexpensive degradable org...
Secondary salinization of irrigated lands in drylands is often caused by rising groundwater levels. Open drainage is widely employed to control groundwater. However, salinity levels tend to remain high under malfunctioning drainage conditions. Shallo...
Subsurface drainage pipes covered with filters and geotextiles are the key to preventing clogging and ensuring efficient drainage. To improve the salt discharge efficiency of these subsurface drainage pipes, different layers of geotextiles were set o...
In Iran, as in the rest of the world, land and water for agricultural production is under pressure. Integrating irrigation and drainage management may help sustain intensified agriculture in irrigated paddy fields. This study was aimed to investigate...
Soil salinization induced by shallow saline groundwater in coastal areas can be managed using subsurface pipe drainage (SPD) for agricultural land reclamation. However, a reasonable SPD system layout should comprehensively consider local hydrological...
Subsurface pipes covered with geotextiles and filters are essential for preventing clogging and ensuring efficient drainage. To address low salt discharge efficiency due to subsurface drainage pipes (SDPs) clogging easily, sand gravel, straw, and com...
Water scarcity and imbalances in irrigation and drainage are the main factors leading to soil salinization in arid areas. There is a recognized need for effective drainage measures to prevent and improve saline−alkali land. The principal objective of...
Interfacial zones straddling terrestrial and marine realms, colloquially known as mudflats, epitomize a dynamic nexus between these environments and are fundamental to the coastal ecosystem. The investigation of these regions is paramount for facilit...
Subsurface pipe drainage technology can effectively improve coastal saline land in Northern China. We explored an okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)-assisted subsurface pipe drainage system to improve the water and salt discharge performance and benefi...
Under semi-arid conditions, irrigated agriculture faces hard competition for water. It is against this backdrop that appropriate management of irrigation techniques and water resources becomes a major concern. This study investigated the effect of su...
Organic fertilizer applications and subsurface drainage are two important measures for improving coastal saline soil; however, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from saline soil under a combination of these two measures are seldom evaluated. In this stud...
In order to achieve water conservation and salt control in saline irrigation areas and improve the soil ecological environment of farmland in irrigation areas, this study carried out a field trial in 2020–2021 on edible sunflowers planted in sa...
To mitigate dangerous climate change effects, the 195 countries that signed the 2015 Paris Agreement agreed to “keep the increase in average global surface temperature below 2 °C and limit the increase to 1.5 °C” by reducing carbo...
Waterlogging and salinization are considered to be the main threats to agricultural productivity and land resources in coastal areas of China. Thus far, drainage and field soil improvement programs have been ineffective. In this article, we investiga...
Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling in most ecosystems on Earth, yet their ecology and functionality in deep continental subsurface remain unknown. Here, we report the first observations of active fungal colonization of mica schist in th...
Ocean salinity has an important impact on marine environment simulations. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is the first satellite in the world to provide large-scale global salinity observations of the oceans. Salinity remote sensi...
The ocean circulation in the Western Pacific is crucial for climate regulation and marine ecosystems, but reconstructing 3D subsurface currents remains challenging due to limited observations. This study presents SpadeUp, a novel deep learning model...
Groundwater conditions are crucial for understanding the evolution of soil salinization. The installation of subsurface pipes significantly alters both the distribution of water and salt in the soil and the groundwater depth; these dynamics and their...
High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) variations in ocean temperature and salinity fields are of great significance for ocean environment monitoring. Currently, AI-based 3D temperature and salinity field predictions rely on expensive 3D data, and as...
Non-growing season irrigation and farmland subsurface drainage play a crucial role in salt leaching and salinization control in arid irrigation areas. This study aimed to investigate the reduction of autumn irrigation quotas and drainage discharge wh...
The utilization efficiency of land resources in the coastal area of the Yellow River Delta has been deeply affected by salinization hazards. Key to improvement of the utilization efficiency of resources in this area is to grasp the spatio–tempo...
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are natural disasters for coastal regions. TCs with maximum wind speeds higher than 32.7 m/s in the north-western Pacific are referred to as typhoons. Typhoons Sarika and Haima successively passed our moored observation array...
Subsurface pipe drainage (SPD) is an important technique for the improvement of saline–alkali lands in China. Winter irrigation after crop harvest is a key measure used in the Yellow River irrigation area in northwest China to reduce soil salin...
Although subsurface traps have been regularly explored for hydrocarbon exploration, natural gas and CO2 storage has drawn industrial attention over the past few decades, thanks to the increasing demand for energy resources and the need for greenhouse...
Petroleum reservoirs are unique deep-subsurface ecosystems that are generally characterized by such extreme conditions as high temperature, high pressure, high salinity, and anoxia [...]
Groundwater is the main supply of fresh water in many parts of the world. The intrusion of saline water into the fresh water is a serious threat to groundwater resources. Delineation of fresh-saline aquifer zones is essential to exploit the potable f...
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