Search Results (704)

This study establishes a municipal-level evaluation system for rural revitalization in China, grounded in the five-sphere integrated framework encompassing “prosperous industries, livable ecology, civilized rural customs, effective governance, and affluent life.” Employing methodologies including the entropy weight-coupling coordination model, LISA spatiotemporal analysis, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), it empirically investigates the evolution and driving mechanisms of rural revitalization development across 282 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2023. The findings reveal: (1) Nationwide and regional rural revitalization levels demonstrate a consistent upward trajectory, progressing from a state of “Mild Disorder” to being “On the Verge of Disorder,” with a distinct gradient pattern of “Eastern Region > National Average > Central Region > Western Region.” (2) Significant global spatial correlation is observed, manifesting as polarization typified by “high–high” and “low–low” agglomeration, alongside notable volatility in Northeast and Southwest China. (3) Influencing factors display marked spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Agricultural production efficiency (North China) and technological innovation (nationwide, except the Yangtze River Delta) significantly foster rural revitalization. Conversely, economic development level (Northeast, Central, and Western China), government intervention (Northeast China), and industrial structure upgrading (Northwest China) exhibit constraining effects. The localized positive impacts of urbanization (border areas of Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Jilin, and Tibet) and opening up (border ports) are increasingly evident. Building on these insights, the study proposes recommendations—such as implementing differentiated regional policies, innovating spatial governance models, and activating multidimensional drivers—to overcome the “low-level lock-in” predicament and advance comprehensive rural revitalization. Furthermore, this paper reveals the patterns of multidimensional system coupling and the spatial heterogeneity of driving mechanisms. These findings provide a reference for deepening the understanding of geographical complexity within global sustainable development theory. Full article

Taking cities along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal as the research subject, this study constructs urbanization and ecological environment indices to examine changes in urbanization and ecological environment in these cities from 2008 to 2024. First, an urbanization index and an ecological environment index were constructed for cities along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The spatiotemporal trends of these indices were analyzed. Subsequently, a coupling coordination model was developed to examine how coupling coordination levels evolve. Finally, a GM(GM (1,1) model was used to forecast future trends in coupling coordination levels. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Urbanization along the canal advanced rapidly and consistently. In contrast, the ecological environment followed a slow recovery and eventual steady improvement. Although the coupling coordination status historically improved from “barely coordinated imbalance” to “primary coordination,” the ecological subsystem consistently lagged behind. (2) Spatially, coordination levels show clear “core-periphery” and “south-high, north-low” disparities. High-coordination clusters are centered in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, while low-coordination zones are concentrated in western Shandong and southeastern Hebei, with these spatial clustering effects growing stronger over time. (3) Projections from the GM (1,1) model suggest that, under a natural evolution scenario, the entire canal region will reach an “intermediate coordination” phase by 2030. However, significant internal disparities are expected to persist. Full article

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) is intensifying charging demand in space-constrained parking facilities, where fixed charging piles (FCPs) are often underutilized due to parking–charging coupling and stall blocking. This study develops a coordinated planning framework for a hybrid charging system that integrates FCPs and mobile charging robots (MCRs). Two optimization models—operator profit maximization and social welfare maximization—are formulated to jointly determine the capacity configuration (numbers of FCPs and MCRs) and the spatial layout of FCPs and MCR base stations, subject to a queueing-theory-based waiting-time constraint. A nested heuristic solution method combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and K-means++ is designed for tractable computation. Numerical experiments on a representative parking facility demonstrate a clear complementarity between fixed and mobile chargers: FCPs serve baseload demand economically, while MCRs provide flexible capacity that reduces average waiting time and mitigates congestion. The results further quantify the divergence between private and social objectives; when robot costs are reduced, the social-welfare model deploys approximately 35% more robots than the profit-maximizing solution to reduce user time losses. By improving charger utilization, the proposed hybrid planning approach enhances resource efficiency and supports sustainable EV charging infrastructure in dense urban parking facilities. Full article

This paper addresses the stringent requirements of high-precision equipment for broadband, contactless active vibration isolation by tackling three key research gaps: the lack of an integrated design deeply coupling vertical and lateral subsystems, the absence of explicit characterization of the base-to-load vibration transmission chain in dynamic models, and the disconnect between theory and application due to spatial sensor–actuator mismatch. To bridge these gaps, a novel five-degree-of-freedom active magnetic levitation vibration isolation system is proposed. Its core contributions are threefold. First, an electromagnetic-structure co-design method based on the equal magnetic reluctance principle is introduced, enabling a globally optimized, integrated actuator layout that maximizes force density within spatial constraints. Second, a dynamic model incorporating explicit base kinematic excitation is established, clearly revealing the complete physical mechanism of vibration transmission through the suspension gap and providing an accurate foundation for model-based control. Third, a coordinate reconstruction control model is constructed, which transforms the ideal center-of-mass-based dynamics into a design model using only measurable gap signals via systematic coordinate transformations, thereby fundamentally eliminating control deviations from physical spatial mismatch. This work provides a comprehensive theoretical framework and solution for next-generation high-performance active vibration isolation platforms, encompassing integrated design, precise modeling, and engineering implementation. Full article

Enhancing carbon sink capacity and optimizing urban blue-green infrastructure (UBGI) are crucial for urban planning and sustainable development. Based on the ArcGIS 10.8 platform and the InVEST model, this study comprehensively evaluates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of three ecosystem services (carbon storage, habitat quality, and water retention) in Guilin. By applying the coupling coordination degree model, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, and K-means clustering methods, it systematically reveals the synergistic and trade-off relationships among multiple ecosystem services in karst cities, identifies the spatial differentiation pattern of ecological spaces, and proposes UBGI optimization strategies. The results show that the three types of ecosystem services in Guilin exhibited a spatiotemporal differentiation pattern of stable high values in mountainous areas and continuous expansion of low values around urban areas from 1993 to 2023, with their changes mainly driven by the significant negative impact of human activity intensity (nighttime light, population density). Guilin’s ecological space can be divided into four functional zones: Ecological Core Cluster (77.50%), Degraded Carbon-Poor Cluster (1.47%), Habitat Protection Cluster (0.46%), and Buffer Balance Cluster (20.58%). Carbon storage, habitat quality, and water retention showed significant spatial gradient differences (Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test, p < 0.001) and local decoupling characteristics. Furthermore, the study proposed key ecological management thresholds, such as impervious surface ratio < 15% and forestland ratio > 30%, and constructed a differentiated “zoning-classification-grading” UBGI optimization strategy system based on the four functional zones, including ecological corridor construction, promotion of vertical greening and sponge facilities, supplementary planting of native vegetation, and integration of ecological agriculture. These strategies aim to enhance the synergistic efficiency of ecosystem services, improve regional carbon sink capacity, and provide a scientific basis for Guilin’s ecological planning, the implementation of “dual carbon” goals, and the construction of the National Innovation Demonstration Zone for Sustainable Development Agenda. Full article

At the critical juncture where Chinese cities are transitioning toward intensive urban renewal and sustainable development, the revitalization and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage face a collective action dilemma stemming from the misaligned interests among three key stakeholders: the Local Government (LG), the Industrial Heritage Developer (IHD), and the Neighboring Complementary Merchants (NCMs). To address this challenge, this study constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model and innovatively proposes an analytical framework of a Multi-Dimensional Policy Lever System, which integrates spatial synergy (k, w, v), economic incentives (p₁, p₂, q), and behavioral regulation (m, n). Numerical simulations reveal that the successful regeneration of industrial heritage does not rely on any single policy but fundamentally depends on the systematic coordination and dynamic adaptation of these three-dimensional levers. The nonlinear coupling of spatial elements forms the foundation for value leapfrogging. The economic driving force requires a critical shift from government subsidies (p) towards a market-based value capture and recycling mechanism (q). Behavioral interventions provide the necessary cognitive and normative safeguards for cooperation. The research elucidates a three-phase evolutionary pattern of the system, transitioning from a stalemate to synergy, and emphasizes the need for an adaptive and sequential combination of policies. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in providing an integrative quantitative analytical framework. Its practical significance is to offer a scientific basis for decision-makers to construct a dynamic policy toolbox and promote the sustainable collaborative governance of industrial heritage. Full article

This study examines the spatial imbalance and driving mechanisms of human–environment coupling in the Xiuhe River Basin, an important agricultural–ecological watershed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. We integrated the coupling-coordination degree (C–D) model, Coupling Elasticity Index (CEI), spatial autocorrelation analyses (global and local Moran’s I, LISA, and Getis–Ord Gi*), and GeoDetector to assess spatial heterogeneity, classify coupling types, and identify key human–ecosystem. The results reveal marked spatial variation in coordination levels, which are higher in the central–western mountains and lower in the southeastern plains (global Moran’s I = 0.7344, p < 0.01), indicating significant spatial clustering. Using the CEI, the basin was classified into ecology-dominated zones (ecological advancement with human retreat), human-dominated zones (human advancement with ecological retreat), and relatively balanced zones. Upstream areas (CEI < 0.6) exhibit ecological advantages, whereas downstream plains (CEI > 1.5) experience dominant human pressures. GeoDetector analysis identified population density, proportion of built-up land, and water quality indicators (COD and TP) as the primary drivers, with interactions substantially enhancing explanatory power (e.g., PD × COD q = 0.86). These findings underscore nonlinear feedbacks and cross-scale interactions that influence coordinated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. We recommend differentiated management strategies: conserving upstream ecological functions, promoting balanced development in midstream areas, and regulating development intensity and pollution downstream to sustain human–environment coordination. This study provides quantitative evidence and methodological insights to improve understanding of ecological complexity and optimize governance of the agricultural landscape. Full article

The conflict between the economy and the ecological environment is prominent in China’s coastal cities, and these cities contend with heightened uncertainty. Therefore, this study uses the econometric model to analyze the spatial–temporal pattern characteristics and affecting factors of the coupling coordination level between urban economic resilience (ER) and urban ecological resilience (EcR) in China’s coastal cities based on improvement of the evaluation index system, thus advancing policy suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The coupling coordination degree (CCD) between ER and EcR across different types of coastal cities strongly correlates with their spatial distribution patterns of economic development. From the East China Sea to the South China Sea and Yellow and Bohai Sea Coast cities and from central cities to industrial cities, other types of cities, and resource-based cities, CCD exhibits an overall declining trajectory. (2) The gap in CCD in China’s coastal cities generally shows an expanding trend. (3) The spatial distribution pattern of the centrality of CCD in China’s coastal cities has a relatively high consistency. Urban spillover roles are highly consistent with levels of economic development. (4) The number and diversity of dominant influencing factors have steadily increased. Full article

With power systems becoming increasingly dominated by inverter-based resources (IBRs), spatial–temporal frequency dynamics have emerged as a significant challenge due to the loss of mechanical inertia and increasing heterogeneity in inverter controls. Conventional models grounded in center-of-inertia (COI) frequency and system frequency response (SFR) fail to capture localized frequency behavior under disturbances, particularly in systems with non-uniform synthetic inertia and weak electrical coupling. This paper develops an analytical modeling framework for the characterization and mitigation of spatial–temporal frequency patterns in fully inverter-based systems. Local frequency dynamics are explicitly derived from the control characteristics of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters and incorporated into a network-aware formulation using topology-dependent state-space equations. The proposed model elucidates the interplay between local control parameters and network structure in shaping the propagation of frequency disturbances. A coordinated mitigation approach is further introduced, leveraging the tuning of local inverter settings and system topology parameters to suppress spatial frequency deviations. The proposed mitigation method is developed under an analytically assumed disturbance scenario in which the disturbance location is considered known for modeling and analysis purposes. The framework establishes a principled foundation for the analysis, prediction, and mitigation of frequency dynamics in low-inertia power systems. Full article

To address the persistent challenges of the “disconnect between macro-level spatial zoning and micro-level land allocation” and the paradox of “localized intensification accompanied by overall inefficiency” in territorial spatial governance, this study adopts a multi-scale coupling perspective to explore an optimized spatial pattern that promotes the coordinated development of production, living, and ecological functions (PLEFs), thereby enhancing the systematic and scientific basis of spatial governance. Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration (CYUA) as a case study, a coupled optimization framework integrating macro-scale spatial zoning and micro-scale land allocation was established. First, using multi-period land use data (2000–2020) in conjunction with multi-source geographic and socio-economic datasets, the correspondence between land use types and PLEFs was constructed, and the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of these functions were systematically analyzed. Second, the GMOP-PLUS model was employed to simulate and optimize land use patterns for 2035 under multiple development scenarios, and dominant spatial types were further refined based on grid-scale spatial suitability evaluation results. Third, the NRCA model was applied to identify comparative functional advantages at the county level. These advantages were comprehensively integrated with the revised dominant spatial types following the principle of “seeking common ground while preserving differences,” ultimately enabling the delineation of optimized territorial spatial development zones. The results indicate the following: (1) Throughout the study period, ecological space remained the dominant land use type (exceeding 75%), although its proportion gradually declined. Living space expanded markedly, while the internal structure of production space shifted toward industrial and mining land uses. (2) The planning control scenario was identified as the most suitable development pathway, exhibiting a spatial configuration characterized by a “central core with stronger development in the southeast than in the northwest.” Under this scenario, production and living spaces continued to expand, whereas ecological space maintained its dominant status. (3) Spatial suitability evaluation revealed a high degree of functional compatibility across the study area (79.01%), with ecological suitability prevailing. The revised dominant spatial types were predominantly ecological (78.94%), forming a hierarchical structure described as a “living core–production composite ring–ecological periphery.” (4) By integrating dominant spatial types with comparative functional advantages, the study area was classified into five major categories of territorial spatial development zones, for which differentiated governance strategies were proposed. This study provides methodological insights and practical guidance for improving refined territorial spatial management and advancing regional sustainable development. Full article

Water–energy–food (WEF) is fundamental for human survival, with land use profoundly impacting their supply-demand relationships. Integrating land into the WEF nexus is crucial for sustainable development. This study used a pressure–state–response model to establish its water–energy–food–land (WEFL) evaluation indicator system. The entropy method and coupling coordination degree (CCD) were applied to assess the WEFL nexus of Shanxi Province during 2000−2023. The obstacle degree model and Geodetector were utilized to identify internal constraints and external drivers, while the ARIMA model was employed to predict future CCD trends. The results show that (1) the comprehensive evaluation index and CCD increased over time, but overall coordination remained limited (average CCD = 0.575). Most regions were at bare to primary coordination levels, indicating persistent subsystem constraints. The spatial pattern evolved from “high in north and south, low in central region” to “high in north and west, low in south and east.” (2) Energy and land subsystems were the main sources of constraints, while the obstacle degrees of the water and food subsystems increased. External drivers shifted from being dominated by government scale and economic growth to being led by technological innovation and urbanization, with growing interaction between anthropogenic and natural factors. (3) The ARIMA model predicted further CCD improvement to intermediate coordination by 2030, although regional disparities persisted. These results provided a scientific basis for resource management and sustainable development in Shanxi Province. Full article

Balancing food production, water conservation, and carbon emissions (CEs) is critical in Northeast China (NEC), yet food–carbon–water (FCW) interactions remain poorly quantified at pixel scale. Conceptually, we move beyond administrative-unit nexus assessments by providing a crop-explicit, grid-based FCW diagnosis that identifies where crop-specific bottlenecks emerge and supports zoning-oriented interventions. We fused multi-source datasets with process models to estimate CEs, water use efficiency (WUE), and yield for maize, rice, and soybean at 500 m resolution during 2001–2020 and evaluated synergies/trade-offs based on Sen’s slope trends and nexus performance using coupling coordination degree (CCD). Annual mean CE (230.8–37,300 kg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹), yield (0–10,031 kg ha⁻¹), and WUE (0–6 kg C m⁻³) exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Higher CEs and yield concentrated in the central–southern plains, whereas WUE showed a patchier pattern with localized high values. Temporally, CEs increased for all crops, with rice consistently exhibiting the highest CEs. Soybean showed the most pronounced WUE improvement, reaching >2.0 kg C m⁻³ after the early 2010s. Pixel-wise correlations revealed a robust CE–WUE antagonism for all crops (r = −0.33 to −0.60), while CE–yield coupling was crop-dependent (soybean positive, maize weakly negative, rice non-significant). Trend-based coupling further showed that synchronized CE and yield increases dominated 45.7% of croplands, whereas trade-offs were more common when WUE was involved (CE–WUE: 38.0%; WUE–yield: 41.8%), peaking in rice systems (61.8% and 54.0%, respectively). CCD mapping indicated widespread basic coordination but strong crop contrasts. Rice had the lowest coordination (mean CCD = 0.36 ± 0.17) and the largest shares of moderate-to-severe imbalance, identifying rice as the primary FCW bottleneck, whereas maize and soybean more frequently achieved good-to-high coordination. These results support a zoned strategy that consolidates coordinated maize/soybean areas, prioritizes paddy water-saving and low-emission upgrades, and limits further rice expansion in water-constrained zones. Full article

Traditional villages and covered bridge heritage are key components of rural cultural landscapes, yet their spatial relationship and driving mechanisms remain insufficiently quantified at the provincial scale. Taking Hunan Province, China as a case study, we integrated heritage inventories with multi-source socioeconomic and cultural indicators. Kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation were used to characterize clustering and spatial association. A coupling–coordination model quantified coupling intensity and coordination level, and GeoDetector identified dominant factors and their interactions. Results reveal significant association but prevalent spatial mismatch between the two heritage types, with a marked pattern of high coupling but low coordination and strong intra-provincial heterogeneity. Socioeconomic development, urbanization, rural revitalization, and cultural diversity are key drivers, and factor interactions generally explain the pattern better than single factors. These findings suggest that conservation and revitalization should be tailored to mismatch areas and coordinated with rural revitalization and cultural innovation initiatives to improve spatial coordination and support sustainable heritage-based development. Full article

Traditional villages, as carriers of agricultural civilization and ecological wisdom, represent important sites for fostering new-quality productive forces. In the context of rapid urbanization, they function as key spaces for rural development while also confronting vulnerabilities such as spatial functional imbalance and ecological degradation. Within the production–living–ecology (PLE) spaces, dependence on labor-intensive and capital-intensive agricultural models often results in resource misallocation and systemic dysfunction. New-quality productive forces, driven by innovation and green transition, provide a fresh perspective for sustainable rural spatial restructuring. However, their micro-scale mechanisms within traditional villages remain underexplored. This study focuses on 22 nationally recognized traditional villages in Foshan, China. Based on land-use and socioeconomic data from 1993, 2003, 2013, and 2023, we applied land-use transition matrices, a coupling coordination degree model, and geographical detector analysis to examine the evolution of PLE spatial patterns and their driving mechanisms. The findings show that (1) spatially, the share of living space increased significantly, while ecological and agricultural production spaces continued to shrink, reflecting heightened competition among the three; (2) the overall coupling coordination degree exhibited a declining trend, indicating weakened synergy among PLE functions; (3) key drivers of system coordination include per capita disposable income of rural residents, agricultural labor productivity, regional technological innovation capacity, and forest coverage, underscoring the synergistic role of socioeconomic and ecological factors in new countryside development. This study elucidates the micro-spatial pathways through which new rural construction and conservation mechanisms operate, providing a reference for context-sensitive conservation and high-quality development of traditional villages in rapidly industrializing regions. The analytical framework can also be extended to other rural areas undergoing transition. Full article

As a primary economic engine and strategic region in China, the development of the green building industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) holds demonstrative significance for the low-carbon transition of the country’s construction sector. Utilizing panel data from 11 provinces and municipalities within the YREB during 2012–2022, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system to measure the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the green building industry and the development environment. The spatio-temporal evolution of the CCD is analyzed using methods including kernel density estimation, the Dagum Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation, and standard deviational ellipse. A fixed-effects model is further employed to identify its influencing factors. The results show that (1) both the green building industry and its development environment in the YREB exhibited upward trends, with the gap between them gradually narrowing. (2) The CCD across provinces and municipalities showed an overall upward trend, characterized by simultaneous “overall improvement” and “internal gradient differentiation” in spatio-temporal distribution, and displayed a spatial pattern of “higher values in the east and lower in the west.” (3) Urbanization level, government regulation, technological innovation, and consumption capacity exerted significant positive effects on the CCD, whereas the influence of education level and public environmental awareness remained insignificant. This study provides insights for formulating differentiated regional policies and optimizing the development environment for the green building industry. Full article