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Keywords = rough-AHP

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23 pages, 28189 KiB  
Article
Landslide Susceptibility Prediction Using GIS, Analytical Hierarchy Process, and Artificial Neural Network in North-Western Tunisia
by Manel Mersni, Dhekra Souissi, Adnen Amiri, Abdelaziz Sebei, Mohamed Hédi Inoubli and Hans-Balder Havenith
Geosciences 2025, 15(8), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15080297 - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 157
Abstract
Landslide susceptibility modelling represents an efficient approach to enhance disaster management and mitigation strategies. The focus of this paper lies in the development of a landslide susceptibility evaluation in northwestern Tunisia using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approaches. [...] Read more.
Landslide susceptibility modelling represents an efficient approach to enhance disaster management and mitigation strategies. The focus of this paper lies in the development of a landslide susceptibility evaluation in northwestern Tunisia using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approaches. The used database covers 286 landslides, including ten landslide factor maps: rainfall, slope, aspect, topographic roughness index, lithology, land use and land cover, distance from streams, drainage density, lineament density, and distance from roads. The AHP and ANN approaches were applied to classify the factors by analyzing the correlation relationship between landslide distribution and the significance of associated factors. The Landslide Susceptibility Index result reveals five susceptible zones organized from very low to very high risk, where the zones with the highest risks are associated with the combination of extreme amounts of rainfall and steep slope. The performance of the models was confirmed utilizing the area under the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The computed ROC curve (AUC) values (0.720 for ANN and 0.651 for AHP) convey the advantage of the ANN method compared to the AHP method. The overlay of the landslide inventory data locations of historical landslides and susceptibility maps shows the concordance of the results, which is in favor of the established model reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Hazards)
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20 pages, 4765 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic EDM for External Cylindrical Surface Machining with Graphite Electrodes: Horn Design and Hybrid NSGA-II–AHP Optimization of MRR and Ra
by Van-Thanh Dinh, Thu-Quy Le, Duc-Binh Vu, Ngoc-Pi Vu and Tat-Loi Mai
Machines 2025, 13(8), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080675 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 174
Abstract
This study presents the first investigation into the application of ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrical discharge machining (UV-EDM) using graphite electrodes for external cylindrical surface machining—an essential surface in the production of tablet punches and sheet metal-forming dies. A custom ultrasonic horn was designed and [...] Read more.
This study presents the first investigation into the application of ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrical discharge machining (UV-EDM) using graphite electrodes for external cylindrical surface machining—an essential surface in the production of tablet punches and sheet metal-forming dies. A custom ultrasonic horn was designed and fabricated using 90CrSi material to operate effectively at a resonant frequency of 20 kHz, ensuring stable vibration transmission throughout the machining process. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to explore the effects of five process parameters—vibration amplitude (A), pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff), discharge current (Ip), and servo voltage (SV)—on two key performance indicators: material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). The optimization process was conducted in two stages: single-objective analysis to maximize MRR while ensuring Ra < 4 µm, followed by a hybrid multi-objective approach combining NSGA-II and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The optimal solution achieved a high MRR of 9.28 g/h while maintaining Ra below the critical surface finish threshold, thus meeting the practical requirements for punch surface quality. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed horn design and hybrid optimization strategy, offering a new direction for enhancing productivity and surface integrity in cylindrical EDM applications using graphite electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Manufacturing)
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15 pages, 2939 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Process Parameters for WEDM Processing SiCp/Al Based on Graphene Working Fluid
by Zhou Sun, Weining Lei, Linglei Kong and Yafeng He
Processes 2025, 13(7), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072156 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 314
Abstract
In the process of machining an aluminum matrix silicon carbide (SiCp/Al) composite material using wire electric discharge machining (WEDM), the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of working fluid, such as discharge medium and cool carrier, directly determine the material removal rate (MRR) and [...] Read more.
In the process of machining an aluminum matrix silicon carbide (SiCp/Al) composite material using wire electric discharge machining (WEDM), the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of working fluid, such as discharge medium and cool carrier, directly determine the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). In this paper, graphene-working fluid is innovatively used as working medium to optimize the discharge process due to its high thermal conductivity and field emission characteristics. The single-factor experiments show that graphene can increase the MRR by 11.16% and decrease the Ra by 29.96% compared with traditional working fluids. In order to analyze the multi-parameter coupling effect, an L16 (44) orthogonal test is further designed, and the effects of the pulse width (Ton), duty cycle (DC), power tube number (PT), and wire speed (WS) on the MRR and Ra are determined using a signal-to-noise analysis. Based on a gray relational grade analysis, a multi-objective optimization model was established, and the priority of the MRR and Ra was determined using an AHP, and finally the optimal parameter combination (Ton = 22 μs, DC = 1:4, PT = 3, WS = 2) was obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in 2025)
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15 pages, 6669 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Process Parameters for Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of 9Cr18Mov Based on Grey Relational Analysis
by Rongfu Mao, Zhou Sun, Shixi Gan, Weining Lei, Yuexiang Du and Linglei Kong
Processes 2025, 13(5), 1547; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051547 - 17 May 2025
Viewed by 409
Abstract
9Cr18MoV stainless steel is widely employed in cutting-tool applications owing to its exceptional hardness and corrosion resistance. In this study, we systematically optimized the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters for 9Cr18MoV stainless steel through an L16 (44) orthogonal [...] Read more.
9Cr18MoV stainless steel is widely employed in cutting-tool applications owing to its exceptional hardness and corrosion resistance. In this study, we systematically optimized the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters for 9Cr18MoV stainless steel through an L16 (44) orthogonal experimental design. The key parameters investigated include pulse width (Ton), pulse interval (Toff), peak current (IP), and wire feed speed (WS), with cutting efficiency (CE) and surface roughness (Ra) serving as the primary optimization objectives. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis was applied to assess the effects of the individual parameters and derive single-objective optimal configurations. Subsequently, grey relational analysis (GRA) integrated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based weighting was employed to establish a multi-objective optimal parameter set, which was experimentally validated. The results reveal that the optimal multi-objective performance was attained at Ton = 28 μs, Toff = 3 μs, IP = 9 A, and WS = level 3. SEM characterization confirmed that this parameter combination yields a more uniform surface morphology, with diminished oxidation and molten debris deposition, thereby significantly enhancing surface integrity. The adoption of this optimized parameter set not only ensures superior machining efficiency but also results in improved surface quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Manufacturing Processes and Systems)
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17 pages, 4328 KiB  
Article
Parameter Optimization and Surface Roughness Prediction for the Robotic Adaptive Hydraulic Polishing of NAK80 Mold Steel
by Dequan Shi, Xiongyawei Zeng, Xuhui Wang and Huajun Zhang
Processes 2025, 13(4), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13040991 - 26 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 450
Abstract
Pneumatic polishing tools are commonly used in traditional robot mold polishing systems, but they have problems with the stable control of mold surface roughness due to low precision and poor adaptability in polishing force adjustment. The integration of an adaptive hydraulic polishing (AHP) [...] Read more.
Pneumatic polishing tools are commonly used in traditional robot mold polishing systems, but they have problems with the stable control of mold surface roughness due to low precision and poor adaptability in polishing force adjustment. The integration of an adaptive hydraulic polishing (AHP) tool and robot system effectively solves the above problems, providing a robust solution for the high-precision polishing of various molds. This study systematically investigates the robotic polishing of NAK80 mold steel using an AHP-equipped robotic platform with 3M abrasive discs of progressively refined grit sizes (P180, P400, P800). Through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the effects of polishing force, rotational speed, and feeding speed on surface roughness were quantitatively analyzed. The relationship between surface roughness and the polishing parameters was derived to elucidate the roughness evolution before and after over-polishing. Orthogonal experiments combined with range analysis identified optimal parameter combinations for P180 (20 N polishing force, 5000 RPM rotational speed, and 5 mm·s−1 feeding speed) and P400 abrasives (10 N polishing force, 4000 RPM rotational speed, and 5 mm·s−1 feeding speed), achieving minimum surface roughness values of 0.08 µm and 0.044 µm, respectively. For P800 abrasives, a central composite design was used to develop a roughness prediction model with a ≤7.14% relative error, and the optimal parameters are a 20 N polishing force, a 5000 RPM rotational speed, and a 5 mm·s−1 feeding speed. The sequential application of the optimized parameters across all the grit sizes can reduce the surface roughness from an initial 0.4 µm to a final 0.017 µm, representing a 95.75% improvement in the surface finish. Full article
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19 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
Solar Thermal Collector Roughened with S-Shaped Ribs: Parametric Optimization Using AHP-MABAC Technique
by Khushmeet Kumar, Sushil Kumar, Deoraj Prajapati, Sushant Samir, Sashank Thapa and Raj Kumar
Fluids 2025, 10(3), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10030067 - 10 Mar 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 763
Abstract
The current examination used a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to optimize the roughness parameters of S-shaped ribs (SSRs) in a solar thermal collector (STC) duct using air as the working fluid. Different SSRs were tested to identify the combination of parameters resulting in [...] Read more.
The current examination used a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to optimize the roughness parameters of S-shaped ribs (SSRs) in a solar thermal collector (STC) duct using air as the working fluid. Different SSRs were tested to identify the combination of parameters resulting in the best performance. Geometrical parameters such as relative roughness pitch (PR/eRH) varied from 4 to 12, relative roughness height (eRH/Dhd) from 0.022 to 0.054, arc angle (αArc) from 30° to 75°, and relative roughness width (WDuct/wRS) from 1 to 4. The Nusselt number (NuRP) and friction factor (fRP), findings which impact the STC performance, rely on SSRs. The performance measurements show that no combination of SSR parameters lead to the best enhancement heat transfer rate at low enhancement in the friction. So, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making strategy using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for criterion significance and Multi Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC) for alternative ranking was used to determine which combination of geometrical parameters will result in the optimum performance of a roughened STC. This work employs a hybrid MCDM technique to optimise the effectiveness of an STC roughened with SSRs. To optimize the SSR design parameters, this study used the hybrid AHP-MABAC technique for analytical assessment of a roughened STC. The optimization results showed that the STC roughened with SSRs achieved the optimum performance at PR/eRH = 8, eRH/Dhd = 0.043, αArc = 60° and WDuct/wRS = 3. Full article
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26 pages, 4676 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Vibrations on the Hand–Arm System and Body of Agricultural Tractor Operators in Relation to Operational Parameters, Approach: Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP)
by Željko Barač, Ivan Plaščak, Tomislav Jurić and Monika Marković
AgriEngineering 2025, 7(3), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7030056 - 24 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 710
Abstract
This paper presents research on the impact of vibrations on the hand–arm and body system of agricultural tractor operators as ergonomic indicators in relation to certain operational parameters. The measurements were conducted on a LANDINI POWERFARM 100 tractor on agricultural production areas and [...] Read more.
This paper presents research on the impact of vibrations on the hand–arm and body system of agricultural tractor operators as ergonomic indicators in relation to certain operational parameters. The measurements were conducted on a LANDINI POWERFARM 100 tractor on agricultural production areas and access roads of the Agricultural and Veterinary School in Osijek. The measurements followed the ISO 5008:2015 standard, which describes the creation of test tracks: a smooth track of 100 m in length and a rough track of 35 m in length. Body vibration measurements were conducted according to the prescribed standards HRN ISO 2631-1: 1999/A1:2019 and HRN ISO 2631-4:2010. Hand–arm system vibration measurements were performed according to the prescribed standards HRN ISO 5349-1:2008 and HRN ISO 5349-2:2008/A1:2015. After the measured data were processed, a three-factor analysis of variance was performed, where some operational parameters were designated as A—agrotechnical surfaces (6 types), B—tractor speed (6 speeds), and C—tire air pressure (3 pressures), along with multiple regression analysis and the AHP (analytical hierarchical process). This research determined that none of the measured hand–arm system vibrations exceeded the warning (2.5 ms−2) or limit (5 ms−2) values of daily exposure. Furthermore, vibrations affecting the operator’s body in the x-axis at higher speeds and pressures C2 and C3, in the y-axis at higher speeds and pressures C1 and C2, and in the z-axis at the highest speed and pressures C1 and C2 were found to exceed the daily exposure warning value of 0.5 ms−2. It was concluded that the operator’s health is at risk, and it is recommended that the seat’s air suspension system be inspected to prevent further complications in a timely manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Mechanization and Machinery)
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16 pages, 2587 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Noise on Agricultural Tractor Operator in Relation to Certain Operational Parameters: An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach
by Željko Barač, Ivan Plaščak, Dorijan Radočaj and Mladen Jurišić
Agriculture 2025, 15(5), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15050466 - 21 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 631
Abstract
This study examines the impact of noise inside the cabin of an agricultural tractor on the operator, focusing on operational parameters: agrotechnical surfaces, speed of movement, and tire pressure. Noise measurements were conducted on a LANDINI POWERFARM 100 tractor on agricultural fields and [...] Read more.
This study examines the impact of noise inside the cabin of an agricultural tractor on the operator, focusing on operational parameters: agrotechnical surfaces, speed of movement, and tire pressure. Noise measurements were conducted on a LANDINI POWERFARM 100 tractor on agricultural fields and access roads. The tests followed HRN ISO 5008:2015 standards for smooth and rough tracks, and the noise was measured with a Metrel Multinorm device using an “A” filter, positioned according to HRN ISO 6396:2018 and ISO 5131:2018 standards. A two-factor analysis of variance was performed, considering tractor speed (“B”) and tire pressure (“C”). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to group the agronomic surfaces (“A”) into smooth and rough categories. By conducting a one-way ANOVA on the mean values of the dependent variables grouped by AHP, significant differences in noise were found. On the right side of the operator, significant noise differences were found between speeds B2, B3, and B4 (from 73.60 dB(A) to 73.99 dB(A)), with a decrease in noise as speed increased at C2. The coefficient of determination decreased from 78.99% to 44.93% with increasing speed. On the left side, significant differences in noise were found at tire pressure C1 at lower speeds, with increasing R2 values up to 50.89%, and similarly for C3 at higher speeds, reaching 72.61%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Technology)
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32 pages, 4381 KiB  
Article
Structure of Public Passenger Transport Lines in the Region of Prešov in Slovakia to Support the Development of an Integrated Transport System
by Zdenka Bulková, Milan Škorupa, Martin Kendra, Jozef Gašparík and Vladislav Zitrický
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7128; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167128 - 14 Aug 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1723
Abstract
In the framework of sustainable development, the most important goal in the transport sector is sustainable mobility. It is necessary to improve the quality of the means of transport and the organisation of their operation in transport systems in addition to the management [...] Read more.
In the framework of sustainable development, the most important goal in the transport sector is sustainable mobility. It is necessary to improve the quality of the means of transport and the organisation of their operation in transport systems in addition to the management systems, coordination, and integration of individual types of transport. The aim of this paper is to propose a complex system of public transport lines in the region to achieve an effective transport service, in accordance with the principles of sustainable mobility, supporting the development of an integrated transport system. This research presents a proposal for the public transport lines of the region of Prešov in Slovakia, which is currently connected to an integrated transport system (IDS Východ). The proposal is defined by the tracing and functions of the lines, the mode of transport and headways on individual lines, the necessary number of vehicles for the operation of individual lines, transfer times at relevant points and directions, and the border of the radius of attractive daily commuting to the centre of the region, as well as a rough timetable for each line. Using an analytical hierarchical process (AHP method), we determine the two most suitable variants of traffic services. The results indicate that based on the multicriteria evaluation of these variants using descriptors, it is possible to determine the optimal variant of the transport service of the region, which will be introduced into a functional integrated transport system. Full article
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25 pages, 6164 KiB  
Article
Developing Pavement Maintenance Strategies and Implementing Management Systems
by Li-Ling Huang, Jyh-Dong Lin, Wei-Hsing Huang, Chun-Hung Kuo, Yi-Shian Chiou and Mao-Yuan Huang
Infrastructures 2024, 9(7), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9070101 - 27 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2793
Abstract
The traffic volume and maintenance demand on Taiwan’s provincial highways have been steadily increasing. One of the most challenging issues in maintenance is determining the optimal timing and allocation of funds to avoid duplicative investments and maximize resource utilization. Currently, provincial highway maintenance [...] Read more.
The traffic volume and maintenance demand on Taiwan’s provincial highways have been steadily increasing. One of the most challenging issues in maintenance is determining the optimal timing and allocation of funds to avoid duplicative investments and maximize resource utilization. Currently, provincial highway maintenance units rely heavily on manual processes and paper-based records, using experiential methods to formulate maintenance strategies and conduct maintenance operations. This indicates a lack of objective maintenance strategies and pavement management systems in these units. This study aims to address this gap by integrating domestic and international literature on pavement maintenance decision-making. Existing approaches typically fall into two categories: “Pavement Indicator Rating” and “Pavement Maintenance Prioritization”. However, there has not been research integrating these methods for decision-making. Therefore, this research integrates these two approaches to establish a comprehensive maintenance strategy for Taiwan’s provincial highways. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed as the decision-making theory, involving expert interviews to calculate maintenance weights for different pavement maintenance indicators. The results show that the pothole count, International Roughness Index (IRI), and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) are the three most critical maintenance indicators. The first phase of the maintenance strategy uses the “Pavement Indicator Rating“ to directly assess the pothole count, IRI, and PCI to categorize pavement sections as “maintenance sections” or “observation sections”. The second phase employs “Pavement Maintenance Prioritization”, integrating maintenance weights for each indicator to calculate maintenance scores. This phase prioritizes maintenance activities based on the results of the first phase’s rating for “maintenance sections”. Additionally, a provincial highway pavement management system is proposed to implement these strategies, enhancing maintenance management efficiency and ensuring the overall quality and longevity of provincial highway maintenance efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road Systems and Engineering)
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21 pages, 1159 KiB  
Article
Multi-Model Assessing and Visualizing Consistency and Compatibility of Experts in Group Decision-Making
by Bojan Srđević and Zorica Srđević
Mathematics 2024, 12(11), 1699; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12111699 - 30 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1200
Abstract
In this paper, an approach is proposed for assessing the performance of experts in the group from two perspectives: (1) individual consistencies and (2) deviations from the group decision. The quality of performance of the experts is based on combining the standard and [...] Read more.
In this paper, an approach is proposed for assessing the performance of experts in the group from two perspectives: (1) individual consistencies and (2) deviations from the group decision. The quality of performance of the experts is based on combining the standard and rough analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). The statistical method CRITIC is used to derive weights for the TOPSIS method before the experts are assessed based on demonstrated consistency and deviations from the group. Common performance indicators, such as consistency ratio, Euclidean distance, compatibility, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient, are proposed for re-grouping experts before making the final decisions. A genetic algorithm enables the efficient solving of this complex clustering problem. Implementing the described approach and method can be useful in comparable assessment frameworks. A critical aspect is conducting a thorough pre-assessment of the competence of potential decision makers, often referred to as experts who may not consistently exhibit apparent expertise. The competence of decision makers (which does not have to be associated with compatibility) is evidenced by selected consistency parameters, and in a way, a pre-assessment of their competence follows Plato’s ‘government of the wise’ principle. In the presented study, the compatibility of individuals in the group with the collective position (group decision) is measured by parameters related to their compatibility with the group solution and statistical deviation while ranking decision elements. The proposed multi-model-based approach stands out for its resilience in conducting thorough pre-assessment of the quality (competence) of potential decision makers, often regarded as experts who might not consistently display evident expertise. The wetland study area in Serbia is used as an example application, where seven measures for reducing the risk of drought were evaluated by twelve experts coming from different sectors and with different backgrounds and expertise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section E: Applied Mathematics)
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16 pages, 2809 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Assessment of Dam Safety Using a Game-Theory-Based Dam Safety Performance Measure
by Zhijun Fu, Peng Feng and Zhu Luo
Water 2024, 16(5), 659; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050659 - 23 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
More than 100,000 dams have been built in China and their safety conditions have drawn more attention to the stakeholders due to large socioeconomic effects, such as economic losses and casualties caused by dam incidents. Dam safety assessment was closely related to the [...] Read more.
More than 100,000 dams have been built in China and their safety conditions have drawn more attention to the stakeholders due to large socioeconomic effects, such as economic losses and casualties caused by dam incidents. Dam safety assessment was closely related to the safety conditions of various indicators and associated weights. However, traditional methods tended to adopt either the subjective weighting method (SWM) or the objective weighting method (OWM) to assess the weights of indicators, leading to an unreliable assessment of dam safety. To this end, this study proposed the game theory (GT)-based dam safety performance measure (DSPM) method to evaluate the safety level of dams. To assess the weights of all associated indicators of dams, the GT method that was used to capture the advantages of both the SWM and OWM was developed. The weights of each indicator were considered as variables and their values were obtained based on MATLAB. The DSPM that followed the form of the power-exponential function was proposed to assess dam safety. The whole method was exemplified by the five dams and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by comparing it with the code-based method (i.e., SL 258-2017). The results showed that the weights of indicators based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method were different. The maximum and minimum percentage differences between the weights based on AHP and CRITIC methods were 107.4% and 3.1%, respectively, revealing that the weights obtained from only one method were unreliable. The proposed GT method was suitable for assessing the weights. Obtained superiority and inferiority rankings (SIRs) based on the GT-based DSPM and the code-based methods were consistent, which showed the effectiveness of the GT-based DSPM method. The code-based method concerning the dam safety levels was too rough to capture the dam performance accurately; the proposed method gave a more detailed classification, which provided important information on wise investments for the stakeholders when enhancing the performance of deficient dams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics)
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21 pages, 997 KiB  
Review
A Review of Sustainable Supplier Selection with Decision-Making Methods from 2018 to 2022
by Ömer Karakoç, Samet Memiş and Bahar Sennaroglu
Sustainability 2024, 16(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010125 - 22 Dec 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 7623
Abstract
Sustainable supplier selection (SSS) is an essential part of the decision-making process in sustainable supply chains. Numerous research studies have been conducted using various decision-making methods to attend to this research-worthy issue. This literature review presents a comprehensive SSS analysis focusing on social, [...] Read more.
Sustainable supplier selection (SSS) is an essential part of the decision-making process in sustainable supply chains. Numerous research studies have been conducted using various decision-making methods to attend to this research-worthy issue. This literature review presents a comprehensive SSS analysis focusing on social, economic, and environmental aspects. The present study spans five years (2018–2022) and considers 101 papers. It provides a detailed breakdown of the papers based on their dates of publication, the countries of the writers, application fields, and journals, and it categorizes them based on their approaches. In addition, this review examines the use of single- or hybrid-form methodologies in the papers reviewed. It also identifies that the TOPSIS, AHP, VIKOR, BWM, DEA, DEMATEL, and MULTIMOORA methods and their extensions are the most frequently used methods in SSS studies. It is concluded that hybrid approaches and their rough, grey, and fuzzy extensions are used to solve real-world problems. However, state-of-the-art mathematical tools, such as soft sets and their hybrid versions with fuzzy sets, have not been utilized in SSS studies. Therefore, this study inspires and encourages the use of such tools in SSS research. Full article
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41 pages, 12257 KiB  
Article
Comparative Sensitivity Analysis of Some Fuzzy AHP Methods
by Irina Vinogradova-Zinkevič
Mathematics 2023, 11(24), 4984; https://doi.org/10.3390/math11244984 - 17 Dec 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3329
Abstract
A precise evaluation of the actual situation is a significant aspect of making a correct and informed decision. Due to the bounded accuracy and elements of uncertainty in the data itself, a point estimate may be less adjusted and rough than an estimate [...] Read more.
A precise evaluation of the actual situation is a significant aspect of making a correct and informed decision. Due to the bounded accuracy and elements of uncertainty in the data itself, a point estimate may be less adjusted and rough than an estimate based on fuzzy set theory. The stability of the Fuzzy AHP Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean, Extent analysis, and Lambda Max methods, widely used in practice, is verified. Three stages of verification are considered, investigating the impact of the following: (a) the scale applied; (b) methods of aggregation of the AHP matrices into the FAHP matrix; and (c) methods of combining several FAHP judgments. Slight changes in experts’ estimates are programmatically simulated tens of thousands of times to track changes in ranking and deviations of results from the initial estimate. This continues the study of FAHP’s stability due to the ambiguous results of such verification by the method of extent analysis. As a result of a comparative analysis of the listed evaluation methods, their specific features and advantages are identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fuzzy Decision Making and Applications)
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17 pages, 3851 KiB  
Article
Snow Avalanche Hazard Mapping Using a GIS-Based AHP Approach: A Case of Glaciers in Northern Pakistan from 2012 to 2022
by Afia Rafique, Muhammad Y. S. Dasti, Barkat Ullah, Fuad A. Awwad, Emad A. A. Ismail and Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(22), 5375; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225375 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3397
Abstract
Snow avalanches are a type of serious natural disaster that commonly occur in snow-covered mountains with steep terrain characteristics. Susceptibility analysis of avalanches is a pressing issue today and helps decision makers to implement appropriate avalanche risk reduction strategies. Avalanche susceptibility maps provide [...] Read more.
Snow avalanches are a type of serious natural disaster that commonly occur in snow-covered mountains with steep terrain characteristics. Susceptibility analysis of avalanches is a pressing issue today and helps decision makers to implement appropriate avalanche risk reduction strategies. Avalanche susceptibility maps provide a preliminary method for evaluating places that are likely to be vulnerable to avalanches to stop or reduce the risks of such disasters. The current study aims to identify areas that are vulnerable to avalanches (ranging from extremely high and low danger) by considering geo-morphological and geological variables and employing an Analytical Hierarchy Approach (AHP) in the GIS platform to identify potential snow avalanche zones in the Karakoram region in Northern Pakistan. The Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) was used to extract the elevation, slope, aspect, terrain roughness, and curvature of the study area. This study includes the risk identification variable of land cover (LC), which was obtained from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite. The obtained result showed that the approach established in this study provided a quick and reliable tool to map avalanches in the study area, and it might also work with other glacier sites in other parts of the world for snow avalanche susceptibility and risk assessments. Full article
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