In this work, the localized corrosion resistance of different batches of AISI 430 and AISI 304 stainless steels, having Scotch-Brite surface finishing, was investigated as a function of their roughness (in terms of Rz) and chemical composition. The s...
Sol–gel-processed Y2O3 films were used as active channel layers for resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. The fabricated ITO/Y2O3/Ag RRAM devices exhibited the properties of conventional bipolar memory devices. A triethylamine stabiliz...
In the case of a single scene feature, the positioning of an indoor service robot takes a long time, and localization errors are likely to occur. A new method for a hybrid indoor localization system according to multi-sensor fusion is proposed to sol...
The current work aims to investigate how to utilize rough set theory for generating a set of rules to investigate the combined effects of heat and mass transfer on entropy generation due to MHD nanofluid flow over a vertical rotating frame. The mathe...
In this paper, we present a physics-based analytical model of GNR FET, which allows for the evaluation of GNR FET performance including the effects of line-edge roughness as its practical specific non-ideality. The line-edge roughness is modeled in e...
Ground surface roughness is difficult to predict through a physical model due to its complex influencing factors. BP neural networks (BPNNs), a promising method, have been widely applied in the prediction of surface roughness. This paper uses the con...
The hard bottom layer of a paddy field has a great influence on the driving stability and the operation quality and efficiency of intelligent farm machinery. For paddy field machinery, continuous improvements in the accuracy and operation efficiency...
We developed rough silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles for random lasing. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized based on a citrate-reduction method and the gold (III) chloride trihydrate was added to produce bimetallic nanoparticles. Gold atoms were...
Wire electrochemical micromachining (WECMM) technology is regarded a promising method to fabricate high aspect ratio microstructures on hard-to-machining materials, however, the by-product accumulation in the machining gap limits its application. In...
Micro electrochemical machining is becoming increasingly important in the microfabrication of metal parts. In this paper, the machining characteristics of micro electrochemical milling with nanosecond pulse were studied. Firstly, a mathematical model...
For a low-frequency sound signal propagating in a two-dimensionally inhomogeneous shallow-water waveguide, the influence of random bathymetry (fluctuating bottom boundary) was considered based on the local-mode approach and statistical modeling using...
Urban vegetation can regulate ecological balance, reduce the influence of urban heat islands, and improve human beings’ mental state. Accordingly, classification of urban vegetation types plays a significant role in urban vegetation research. T...
Regarding the impact of hull roughness on ship resistance and propulsive performance, most existing studies rely heavily on numerical hulls or simplified models, while systematic analysis focusing on the heterogeneous roughness of actual ships remain...
We study the mechanism of scarring of eigenstates in rectangular billiards with slightly corrugated surfaces and show that it is very different from that known in Sinai and Bunimovich billiards. We demonstrate that there are two sets of scar states....
This review surveys theoretical frameworks developed to describe rubber contact and friction on rough surfaces, with a particular focus on tire–road interaction. It begins with classical continuum approaches, which provide valuable foundations...
River ice formation during the winter period is a common phenomenon for most rivers in the northern hemisphere. The combined effect of hydraulic, thermodynamic, and geometric boundary conditions results in a highly complex system when compared to ope...
The article considers issues related to improving the surface characteristics of titanium Gr2 using one of the lightest, cheapest and most ecological methods—electrospark deposition with low pulse energy and with ultradisperse electrodes TiB2-T...
The seepage characteristics and heat transfer efficiency in rough fractures are indispensable for assessing the lifetime and production performance of geothermal reservoirs. In this study, a two-dimensional rough rock fracture model with different se...
Surface roughness is a terrain parameter that has been widely applied to the study of geomorphological processes. One of the main challenges in studying roughness is its highly scale-dependent nature. Determining appropriate mapping scales in topogra...
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been utilized in various optical applications, including biosensors. The SPR-based sensor is a gold standard for protein kinetic measurement due to its ultrasensitivity on the plasmonic metal surface. However, a sl...
Research into the effects of hull roughness on ship resistance and propulsion is well established, however, the effect of heterogeneous hull roughness is not yet fully understood. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were con...
We examine the effect of rough surfaces on crystal nucleation by means of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Our work makes use of three-dimensional kMC models, explicit representation of transport in solution and rough surfaces modeled as randomly var...
Hard–brittle materials are widely used in the optics, electronics, and aviation industries, but their high hardness and brittleness make it challenging for traditional processing methods to achieve high efficiency and superior surface quality....
In this study, a diagnostic model for evaporation ducts was established based on the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) models. Utilizing this model, four sensitivity te...
As CMOS devices are scaled down to a nanoscale range, characteristic variability has become a critical issue for yield and performance control of gigascale integrated circuit manufacturing. Nanoscale in size, few monolayers thick, and less thermally...
When an aircraft passes through clouds containing supercooled water droplets, the leading edge’s surface will gradually accumulate ice. Ice surface roughness is an important parameter affecting the local convective heat transfer coefficient and...
Bridge abutments in river channels induce local scour. Recent research indicates that introducing roughness elements on the surface of the bridge abutments can influence the flow pattern around the abutment, reducing the intensity of eddies and diver...
The SMOS satellite mission, launched in 2009, allows global soil moisture estimations to be made using the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model, which simulates the L-band microwave emissions produced by the soil–vegetation layer....
This study employs direct numerical simulation (DNS), combined with the Cartesian cut-cell method and quadtree adaptive mesh refinement, to systematically investigate the effects of surface roughness on the flow past a cylinder. The varying surface r...
The topography measurement accuracy of coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) suffers from the local characteristic of micro-structured surfaces, such as local surface slopes. A cylindrical reference artefact made of single-mode fiber with high roun...
Noble metal nanomaterials with a localized surface plasmon resonance effect exhibit outstanding advantages in areas such as photothermal therapy and photocatalysis. As a unique plasmonic metal nanostructure, gold nanobipyramids have been attracting m...
The kinetic roughening of polymer films grown by vapor deposition polymerization was analyzed using the widely accepted classification framework of “generic scaling ansatz” given for the structure factor. Over the past two decades, this m...
The presence of macroroughness elements directly affects the flow velocity in mountain headwater streams. Hydraulic roughness is the dominant resistance to flow caused by objects protruding into the water, but it is not measurable in the field. This...
Fractals are widely recognized as one of the best geometric models to depict soil roughness on various scales from tillage to micro-topography smaller than radar wavelength. However, most fractal approaches require an additional geometric description...
By synchronizing data collection, such as photometric and ultrasonic Doppler profiling (UVP) measurement techniques, new insights can be obtained into environmental flows, such as highly dynamic turbidity currents. We introduce a combined experimenta...
The airworthiness certification of military aircraft requires a durability analysis be performed using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Furthermore, such analyses need to use a valid small crack growth equation. This paper focuses on the eff...
Road roughness is an important factor in road network maintenance and ride quality. This paper proposes a road-roughness estimation method using the frequency response function (FRF) of a vehicle. First, based on the motion equation of the vehicle an...
Due to the expansion of the use of powder bed fusion metal additive technologies in the medical field, especially for the realization of dental prostheses, in this paper, the authors propose a comparative experimental study of the mechanical characte...
Side-chain engineering is versatile for tuning the chain mobility of graft polymers and governs their thermal stability. However, it remains elusive to predict the graft effect on chain mobility, especially for competitive side-chain types. Here, rel...
In this study, we simulate the cooling of a microprocessor by thermal convection in three different shapes: a square, a trapezoidal, and a triangular shape. The latter is improved by a variety of types of roughness, including square roughness, triang...
2 October 2025
In this study, the modeling of rough surfaces by eddy-viscosity-based roughness models is investigated, specifically focusing on surfaces representative of deterioration in aero-engines. In order to test these models, experimental measurements from a...
One of the main failure modes of an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module is the reconstruction of an aluminum (Al) metallization layer on the surface of the IGBT chip. In this study, experimental observations and numerical simulations were...
SmartRoadSense is a crowdsensing project aimed at monitoring the conditions of the road surface. Using the sensors of a smartphone, SmartRoadSense monitors the vertical accelerations inside a vehicle traveling the road and extracts a roughness index...
The leaching of material from concrete fracture surfaces has an impact on the structural concrete in service, but the number of studies that consider the effect of the coupling of the leaching, fracture geometry and hydraulic processes on concrete fr...
Design and manufacturing are the key steps in the sustainable manufacturing of any product to be produced. Within the perspective of injection molds production, increased competitiveness and repeated changes in the design require a complete optimized...
Accurate pupil localization is crucial for the eye-tracking technology used in monitoring driver fatigue. However, factors such as poor road conditions may result in blurred eye images being captured by eye-tracking devices, affecting the accuracy of...
Roads are essential for economic development, facilitating the circulation of services and resources. This research seeks to provide local governments with a comprehensive framework to enhance road maintenance, focusing on the surface and functional...
The high-purity G5 graphite material is widely used for glass moulding and provides high hardness and brittleness because it is sintered to fine particles unlike other graphite materials. Hence, tool cutting of a G5 workpiece is performed by local fr...
The effects of modified sea-surface roughness length over shallow waters are examined in a regional climate simulation over East Asia centered on the Korean Peninsula, using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARW). The...
Erosive beverages cause dissolution of natural teeth and intra-oral restorations, resulting in surface characteristic changes, particularly roughness and degradation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and topography of a...
of 16