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Hydrological Hazards: Monitoring, Forecasting and Risk Assessment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 945

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Hydroinformatics and Socio-Technical Innovation, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
2. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: computational hydraulics; physically based modelling; floods; river dynamics; decision support systems; earth observation

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Guest Editor
Department of Terrestrial Measurements and Cadastre, Faculty of Hydrotechnical Engineering, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, 700050 Iași, Romania
Interests: photogrammetric 3D reconstruction and classification from terrestrial, aerial, and satellite imagery; point cloud processing, filtering, and classification; sensor calibration; accuracy analysis; improvement methods and applications of digital terrain and surface models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable water resource management, the monitoring of hydrological hazards represents a globally critical issue, as it enables the implementation of early warning systems, informs decision-making processes, and supports the development of effective mitigation strategies to protect communities and ecosystems. Especially associated with climate variability and global climate change, hydrological hazards (e.g., droughts, flooding) are defined as extreme events related to the occurrence, movement, and distribution of water. Given the significant impacts of hydrological hazards on societies and economies, it is extremely important to adopt innovative approaches, techniques, and methods for the prediction, prevention, and mitigation of hydrological extremes.

In this context, this Special Issue focuses on recent technological advancements and scientific insights aimed at improving our understanding of hydrological hazards and our capacity to manage these extreme phenomena, including the following topics:

  • Hydroinformatics, cutting-edge technologies in hydrological and hydraulics data analysis, and flood and/or drought analysis;
  • Methodologies for predicting and preventing extreme hydrological events;
  • Early warning and forecasting systems;
  • Comprehensive risk management strategies;
  • Advanced modelling approaches for hydrological and hydrodynamic simulations and predictions;
  • Sustainable water resources management;
  • Hydrological monitoring systems;
  • Innovative remote sensing and GIS analysis for hydrological hazards;
  • Effects of climate change and land-use/land-cover changes.

Original research articles; analytical, conceptual, and experimental studies; and state-of-the-art contributions focusing on monitoring, forecasting, and methodologies for predicting and preventing extreme hydrological events and risk assessment are welcome.

Dr. Ioana Popescu
Dr. Ana Maria Loghin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrological hazards
  • flood forecasting
  • risk management
  • modelling
  • drought assessment
  • water resources
  • hydrological monitoring
  • precipitation
  • remote sensing and GIS analysis
  • climate change
  • geomorphology dynamics
  • hydroinformatics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

31 pages, 6252 KB  
Article
Flood Risk Prediction and Management by Integrating GIS and HEC-RAS 2D Hydraulic Modelling: A Case Study of Ungheni, Iasi County, Romania
by Loredana Mariana Crenganis, Claudiu Ionuț Pricop, Maximilian Diac, Ana-Maria Olteanu-Raimond and Ana-Maria Loghin
Water 2025, 17(20), 2959; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17202959 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 407
Abstract
Floods are among the most frequent and destructive natural hazards worldwide, with increasingly severe socioeconomic consequences due to rapid urbanization, land use changes, and climate variability. While the combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with models such as HEC-RAS has been extensively explored [...] Read more.
Floods are among the most frequent and destructive natural hazards worldwide, with increasingly severe socioeconomic consequences due to rapid urbanization, land use changes, and climate variability. While the combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with models such as HEC-RAS has been extensively explored for flood risk management, many existing studies remain limited to one-dimensional (1D) models or use coarse-resolution terrain data, often underestimating flood risk and failing to produce critical multivariate flood characteristics in densely built urban areas. This study applies a two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic modeling framework in HEC-RAS combined with GIS-based spatial analysis, using a high-resolution (1 × 1 m) LiDAR-derived Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and a hybrid mesh refined between 2 × 2 m and 8 × 8 m, with the main contributions represented by the specific application context and methodological choices. A key methodological aspect is the direct integration of synthetic hydrographs with defined exceedance probabilities (10%, 1%, and 0.1%) into the 2D model, thereby reducing the need for extensive hydrological simulations and defining a data-driven approach for resource-constrained environments. The primary novelty is the application of this high-resolution urban modeling framework to a Romanian urban–peri-urban setting, where detailed hydrological observations are scarce. Unlike previous studies in Romania, this approach applies detailed channel and floodplain discretization at high spatial resolution, explicitly incorporating anthropogenic features like buildings and detailed land use roughness for the accurate representation of local hydraulic dynamics. The resulting outputs (inundation extents, depths, and velocities) support risk assessment and spatial planning in the Ungheni locality (Iași County, Romania), providing a practical, transferable workflow adapted to data-scarce regions. Scenario results quantify vulnerability: for the 0.1% exceedance probability scenario (with a calibration accuracy of ±15–30 min deviation for peak flow timing), the flood risk may affect 882 buildings, 42 land parcels, and 13.5 km of infrastructure. This framework contributes to evidence-based decision-making for climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies, improving urban resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrological Hazards: Monitoring, Forecasting and Risk Assessment)
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