Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Search Results (2,992)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = quality equation

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
21 pages, 3755 KiB  
Article
Thermal and Expansion Analysis of the Lebanese Flatbread Baking Process Using a High-Temperature Tunnel Oven
by Yves Mansour, Pierre Rahmé, Nemr El Hajj and Olivier Rouaud
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8611; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158611 (registering DOI) - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the thermal dynamics and material behavior involved in the baking process for Lebanese flatbread, focusing on the heat transfer mechanisms, water loss, and dough expansion under high-temperature conditions. Despite previous studies on flatbread baking using impingement or conventional ovens, this [...] Read more.
This study investigates the thermal dynamics and material behavior involved in the baking process for Lebanese flatbread, focusing on the heat transfer mechanisms, water loss, and dough expansion under high-temperature conditions. Despite previous studies on flatbread baking using impingement or conventional ovens, this work presents the first experimental investigation of the traditional Lebanese flatbread baking process under realistic industrial conditions, specifically using a high-temperature tunnel oven with direct flame heating, extremely short baking times (~10–12 s), and peak temperatures reaching ~650 °C, which are essential to achieving the characteristic pocket formation and texture of Lebanese bread. This experimental study characterizes the baking kinetics of traditional Lebanese flatbread, recording mass loss pre- and post-baking, thermal profiles, and dough expansion through real-time temperature measurements and video recordings, providing insights into the dough’s thermal response and expansion behavior under high-temperature conditions. A custom-designed instrumented oven with a steel conveyor and a direct flame burner was employed. The dough, prepared following a traditional recipe, was analyzed during the baking process using K-type thermocouples and visual monitoring. Results revealed that Lebanese bread undergoes significant water loss due to high baking temperatures (~650 °C), leading to rapid crust formation and pocket development. Empirical equations modeling the relationship between baking time, temperature, and expansion were developed with high predictive accuracy. Additionally, an energy analysis revealed that the total energy required to bake Lebanese bread is approximately 667 kJ/kg, with an overall thermal efficiency of only 21%, dropping to 16% when preheating is included. According to previous CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, most heat loss in similar tunnel ovens occurs via the chimney (50%) and oven walls (29%). These findings contribute to understanding the broader thermophysical principles that can be applied to the development of more efficient baking processes for various types of bread. The empirical models developed in this study can be applied to automating and refining the industrial production of Lebanese flatbread, ensuring consistent product quality across different baking environments. Future studies will extend this work to alternative oven designs and dough formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Physical Properties in Food Processing: Second Edition)
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3304 KiB  
Article
The Mechanism by Which Colour Patch Characteristics Influence the Visual Landscape Quality of Rhododendron simsii Landscape Recreational Forests
by Yan Liu, Juyang Liao, Yaqi Huang, Qiaoyun Li, Linshi Wu, Xinyu Yi, Ling Wang and Chan Chen
Horticulturae 2025, 11(8), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11080898 (registering DOI) - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 56
Abstract
Landscape quality and the productivity of Rhododendron simsii are directly related to the maintenance of ecological functions in the alpine region. The specific relationship between the spatial pattern of colour patches and the visual quality of R. simsii landscape recreational forests has been [...] Read more.
Landscape quality and the productivity of Rhododendron simsii are directly related to the maintenance of ecological functions in the alpine region. The specific relationship between the spatial pattern of colour patches and the visual quality of R. simsii landscape recreational forests has been insufficiently explored. In this study, we constructed a model of the relationship between landscape colour patches and the aesthetic value of such a forest, analysing the key factors driving changes in its landscape quality. A total of 1549 participants were asked to assess 16 groups of landscape photographs. The results showed that variations in perceived aesthetic quality were stimulated by colour patch dynamics and spatial heterogeneity. Utilising structural equation modelling (SEM), we identified key indicators synergistically influencing aesthetic quality, including the area percentage, shape, and distribution of colour patches, which demonstrated strong explanatory power (R2 = 0.83). The SEM also revealed that the red patch area, mean perimeter area ratio, and separation index are critical latent variables with standardised coefficients of 0.54, 0.65, and 0.62, respectively. These findings provide actionable design strategies: (1) optimising chromatic contrast through high-saturation patches, (2) controlling geometric complexity, and (3) improving spatial coherence. These results advance the theoretical framework for landscape aesthetic evaluation and offer practical guidance for landscape recreational forest management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Floriculture, Nursery and Landscape, and Turf)
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 4024 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of Impact Mechanisms of Seeding Quality for Ridge-Clearing No-Till Seeder Under Strip Tillage
by Yuanyuan Gao, Yongyue Hu, Shuo Yang, Xueguan Zhao, Shengwei Lu, Hanjie Dou, Qingzhen Zhu, Peiying Li and Yongyun Zhu
Agronomy 2025, 15(8), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081875 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 199
Abstract
Under conservation tillage in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat–maize rotation area, the ridge-clearing no-till seeder for strip tillage mitigates the adverse impacts of surface residues on seeding quality by clearing stubble specifically within the seed rows, demonstrating significant potential for application and promotion. However, the [...] Read more.
Under conservation tillage in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat–maize rotation area, the ridge-clearing no-till seeder for strip tillage mitigates the adverse impacts of surface residues on seeding quality by clearing stubble specifically within the seed rows, demonstrating significant potential for application and promotion. However, the inadequate understanding of the seeder’s operational performance and governing mechanisms under varying field conditions hinders its high-quality and efficient implementation. To address this issue, this study selected the stubble height, forward speed, and stubble knife rotational speed (PTO speed) as experimental factors. Employing a three-factor quasi-level orthogonal experimental design, coupled with response surface regression analysis, this research systematically elucidated the interaction mechanisms among these factors concerning the seeding depth consistency and seed spacing uniformity of the seeder. An optimized parameter-matching model was subsequently derived through equation system solving. Field trials demonstrated that a lower forward speed improved the seed spacing uniformity and seeding depth consistency, whereas high speeds increased the missing rates and spacing deviations. An appropriate stubble height enhanced the seed spacing accuracy, but an excessive height compromised depth precision. Higher PTO speeds reduced multiple indices but impaired depth accuracy. Response surface analysis based on the regression models demonstrated that the peak value of the seed spacing qualification index occurred within the forward speed range of 8–9 km/h and the stubble height range of 280–330 mm, with the stubble height being the dominant factor. Similarly, the peak value of the seeding depth qualification index occurred within the stubble height range of 300–350 mm and the forward speed range of 7.5–9 km/h, with the forward speed as the primary factor. Validation confirmed that combining stubble heights of 300−330 mm, forward speeds of 8−9 km/h, and PTO speeds of 540 r/min optimized both metrics. This research reveals nonlinear coupling relationships between operational parameters and seeding quality metrics, establishes a stubble–speed dynamic matching model, and provides a theoretical foundation for the intelligent control of seeders in conservation tillage systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection AI, Sensors and Robotics for Smart Agriculture)
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 316 KiB  
Article
Human Competencies: Amplifying Financial Reporting Quality in Indonesian Local Government
by Mediaty, Grace T. Pontoh, Nadhirah Nagu, Rahmawati HS, Anis Anshari Mas’ud and Rozainun Haji Abdul Aziz
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(8), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18080424 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 158
Abstract
This quantitative study examines the determinants of financial reporting quality in Indonesian local governments, focusing on good governance, regional financial accounting systems, internal control systems, organizational commitment, and information technology utilization, with HR competencies as a moderator. Data were collected via surveys from [...] Read more.
This quantitative study examines the determinants of financial reporting quality in Indonesian local governments, focusing on good governance, regional financial accounting systems, internal control systems, organizational commitment, and information technology utilization, with HR competencies as a moderator. Data were collected via surveys from 170 Local Government Work Units (SKPDs) across South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the findings indicate that good governance, regional financial accounting systems, internal control systems, organizational commitment, and information technology utilization all positively influence financial reporting quality. Crucially, human resource competencies were found to significantly moderate the relationship between the internal control system and organizational commitment with financial reporting quality. However, this moderating effect was not significant for the relationships involving good governance, regional financial accounting systems, and information technology utilization. These results highlight the essential role of human resource development and systemic enhancements in fostering greater financial accountability and transparency within the public sector. Therefore, policy recommendations should focus not only on enhancing individual competencies but also on synergistically strengthening systems and governance frameworks to achieve transparent and reliable public financial reporting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Financial and Sustainability Reporting in a Digital Era, 2nd Edition)
14 pages, 506 KiB  
Article
How Accurate Is Multiple Imputation for Nutrient Intake Estimation? Insights from ASA24 Data
by Nicolas Woods, Jason Gilliland, Louise W. McEachern, Colleen O’Connor, Saverio Stranges, Sean Doherty and Jamie A. Seabrook
Nutrients 2025, 17(15), 2510; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152510 (registering DOI) - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 169
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Accurate dietary assessment is crucial for nutritional epidemiology, but tools like 24 h recalls (24HRs) face challenges with missing or implausible data. The Automated Self-Administered 24 h Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) facilitates large-scale data collection, but its lack of interviewer input [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Accurate dietary assessment is crucial for nutritional epidemiology, but tools like 24 h recalls (24HRs) face challenges with missing or implausible data. The Automated Self-Administered 24 h Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) facilitates large-scale data collection, but its lack of interviewer input may lead to implausible dietary recalls (IDRs), affecting data integrity. Multiple imputation (MI) is commonly used to handle missing data, but its effectiveness in high-variability dietary data is uncertain. This study aims to assess MI’s accuracy in estimating nutrient intake under varying levels of missing data. Methods: Data from 24HRs completed by 743 adolescents (ages 13–18) in Ontario, Canada, were used. Implausible recalls were excluded based on nutrient thresholds, creating a cleaned reference dataset. Missing data were simulated at 10%, 20%, and 40% deletion rates. MI via chained equations was applied, incorporating demographic and psychosocial variables as predictors. Imputed values were compared to actual values using Spearman’s correlation and accuracy within ±10% of true values. Results: Spearman’s rho values between the imputed and actual nutrient intakes were weak (mean ρ ≈ 0.24). Accuracy within ±10% was low for most nutrients (typically < 25%), with no clear trend by missingness level. Diet quality scores showed slightly higher accuracy, but values were still under 30%. Conclusions: MI performed poorly in estimating individual nutrient intake in this adolescent sample. While MI may preserve sample characteristics, it is unreliable for accurate nutrient estimates and should be used cautiously. Future studies should focus on improving data quality and exploring better imputation methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2037 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Correlation Between Stress Tolerance Traits and Yield in Various Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes Under Low Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stress
by Xiaoning Liu, Bingqin Teng, Feng Zhao and Qijun Bao
Agronomy 2025, 15(8), 1846; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081846 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 131
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stress on the growth and yield of nine barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes (1267-2, 1749-1, 1149-3, 2017Y-2, 2017Y-16, 2017Y-17, 2017Y-18, 2017Y-19, and XBZ17-1-61), all of which are spring two-rowed hulled [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effects of low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stress on the growth and yield of nine barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes (1267-2, 1749-1, 1149-3, 2017Y-2, 2017Y-16, 2017Y-17, 2017Y-18, 2017Y-19, and XBZ17-1-61), all of which are spring two-rowed hulled barley types from the Economic Crops and Beer Material Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Data were collected over two consecutive growing seasons (2021–2022) at Huangyang Town (altitude 1766 m, irrigated desert soil with 1.71% organic matter, 1.00 g·kg−1 total N, 0.87 g·kg−1 total P in 0–20 cm plough layer) to elucidate the correlation between stress tolerance traits and yield performance. Field experiments were conducted under two treatment conditions: no fertilization (NP0) and normal fertilization (180 kg·hm−2 N and P, NP180). Growth indicators (plant height, spike length, spikelets per unit area, etc.) and quality indicators (proportion of plump/shrunken grains, 1000-grain weight, protein, starch content) were measured, and data were analyzed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results revealed that low N and P stress significantly impacted quality indicators, such as the proportion of plump and shrunken grains, while having a minimal effect on growth indicators like plant height and spike length. Notably, the number of spikelets per unit area emerged as a critical factor positively influencing yield. Among the tested genotypes, 1749-1, 1267-2, 1149-3, 2017Y-16, 2017Y-18, 2017Y-19, and XBZ17-1-61 exhibited superior yield performance under low N and P stress conditions, indicating their potential for breeding programs focused on stress resilience. Included among these, the 1749-1 line showed the best overall performance and consistent results across both years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Breeding and Genetics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 4184 KiB  
Article
Effects of Partial Freezing and Superchilling Storage on the Quality of Beef: A Kinetic Modelling Approach
by Anjelina William Mwakosya, Graciela Alvarez and Fatou Toutie Ndoye
Foods 2025, 14(15), 2687; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14152687 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 182
Abstract
The current study explores the changes in beef quality following partial freezing and during superchilled storage, alongside chilled storage comparisons. Kinetic models were developed to predict changes in colour difference (∆E), thiobarbituric acid−reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB−N), drip loss and [...] Read more.
The current study explores the changes in beef quality following partial freezing and during superchilled storage, alongside chilled storage comparisons. Kinetic models were developed to predict changes in colour difference (∆E), thiobarbituric acid−reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB−N), drip loss and firmness. Beef samples were partially frozen in an air blast freezer at −30 °C for 9 min prior to storage at −5 °C, −4 °C, −2.8 °C, −1.8 °C. Chilled beef samples were directly stored at 2 °C and 6 °C without partial freezing. All samples were stored for 21 days. The lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and colour difference (∆E) were significantly lower in superchilled storage samples compared to chilled storage samples. The pH of beef samples increased gradually over time (p < 0.05). TBARS, TVB−N and drip loss increased while firmness decreased with the increase in storage time in both storage conditions (p < 0.05). Overall, beef quality was affected by both storage duration and temperature. Firmness followed the first order kinetic model; drip loss, TVB−N, TBARS and colour difference (∆E) fitted the zero−order kinetic model. Temperature dependence was adequately modelled using Arrhenius−type equation with the activation energy values of 110.111, 52.870, 68.553, 119.480, 47.301 kJ/mol for drip loss, firmness, TBARS, TVB−N and colour difference (∆E), respectively. The models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with RMSE and MAPE values within ±10%. The developed kinetic models successfully predicted quality changes within the −5 °C to 6 °C temperature range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Engineering and Technology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1320 KiB  
Article
Emotional Intelligence in the Professional Development of Nurses: From Training to the Improvement of Healthcare Quality
by Efthymia Chatzidimitriou, Sotiria Triantari and Ioannis Zervas
Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(8), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15080275 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 537
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Emotional intelligence has emerged as a key factor in shaping nursing performance and care quality, yet its specific mechanisms and impact within the Greek public healthcare context remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in ethical [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Emotional intelligence has emerged as a key factor in shaping nursing performance and care quality, yet its specific mechanisms and impact within the Greek public healthcare context remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in ethical behavior, crisis management, and the perceived quality of care among nurses working in Greek public hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among practicing nurses using validated instruments to assess emotional intelligence, ethical compliance, crisis management skills, and care quality. Data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB SEM) to examine both direct and indirect relationships among variables. Results: The results indicated that emotional intelligence training had a strong and significant effect on nurses’ ethical behavior and their ability to manage critical situations. However, the direct effect of emotional intelligence on the perceived quality of care was not significant; instead, its influence was mediated through improvements in ethics and crisis management. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the benefits of emotional intelligence in nursing are most evident when integrated with supportive organizational practices and ongoing professional development. Overall, this study highlights the need for comprehensive emotional intelligence training and a supportive workplace culture to enhance ethical standards, resilience, and patient care quality in Greek healthcare settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing Leadership: Contemporary Challenges)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 417 KiB  
Article
The Role of Service Quality in Enhancing Technological Innovation, Satisfaction, and Loyalty Among University Students in Northern Cyprus
by Birgül Gürbüzer and Ahmet Münir Acuner
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6832; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156832 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 322
Abstract
In the increasingly competitive landscape of higher education, student satisfaction and loyalty are recognized as essential components for institutional sustainability and long-term success. This study aims to examine the interrelationships between service quality, technological innovation, student satisfaction, and student loyalty within higher education [...] Read more.
In the increasingly competitive landscape of higher education, student satisfaction and loyalty are recognized as essential components for institutional sustainability and long-term success. This study aims to examine the interrelationships between service quality, technological innovation, student satisfaction, and student loyalty within higher education institutions in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Grounded in relationship marketing theory and the expectancy–disconfirmation paradigm, the research develops and tests a structural model that investigates the impact of perceived service quality on technological innovation, student satisfaction, and loyalty. The data were collected from 448 undergraduate students studying in the faculties of education at five leading private universities in TRNC, selected based on their international academic rankings. The analysis, conducted using structural equation modelling (SEM), reveals that service quality significantly and directly influences technological innovation, student satisfaction, and student loyalty. Additionally, technological innovation has a positive but comparatively weaker effect on student loyalty. Among the variables, student satisfaction emerges as the strongest determinant of loyalty, serving as a key mediator in the relationship between service quality and loyalty. This research contributes to the higher education literature by extending the traditional service quality–loyalty framework with the inclusion of technological innovation. The findings offer practical insights for university administrators, emphasizing the importance of delivering high-quality educational services combined with continuous digital innovation to enhance the student experience and foster long-term student commitment. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

28 pages, 758 KiB  
Article
Verification of the Impact of Sports Event Service Quality and Host Destination Image on Sports Tourists’ Behavioral Intentions Through Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling
by Hui Jia, Daehwan Kim and Kyungun Kim
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081019 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 308
Abstract
Given that participating in or spectating sports events plays a vital role in enhancing individuals’ mental health, understanding the key factors that promote continued participation and attendance in sports events is of significant theoretical and practical importance within the context of sports tourism. [...] Read more.
Given that participating in or spectating sports events plays a vital role in enhancing individuals’ mental health, understanding the key factors that promote continued participation and attendance in sports events is of significant theoretical and practical importance within the context of sports tourism. From this perspective, the service quality of sports events and the image of the host destination have been identified as major determinants of sustained engagement among sports tourists. However, a review of the literature reveals that findings on the influence of sports event service quality and host destination image on the behavioral intentions of sports tourists have been inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to employ a meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) approach to synthesize data from 39 independent studies comprising 16,335 participants, which were collected up to 30 September 2024, thereby providing generalizable conclusions. The results indicate that, first, host destination image is the most critical factor in enhancing visitor satisfaction. Additionally, the service quality of sports events significantly influences visitor satisfaction, which in turn impacts their future behavioral intentions. Second, tourist satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between event service quality and behavioral intentions, and it partially mediates the relationship between host destination image and behavioral intentions. Third, under the moderating effect of event scale (small scale vs. mega scale), host destination image and physical environment quality are more important in small-scale sports events than in mega-scale sports events. Furthermore, under the moderating effect of cultural context (Eastern vs. Western), service quality dimensions are more influential in Western cultural settings, whereas host destination image is more important in Eastern cultural settings. The significance of this study lies in its integration of previously disparate findings into a unified model, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships among the variables. The results provide broad implications for future academic research and practical insights for sports tourism practitioners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Subjective Well-Being in Sport Participants and Spectators)
Show Figures

Figure 1

35 pages, 1131 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Destination Management in Luxury Tourism: Balancing Economic Development and Environmental Responsibility
by Hilmi Birinci, Ismet Esenyel and Hayford Asare Obeng
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156815 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 348
Abstract
This study applied the Stimulus–Organism–Response Theory to investigate the impact of sustainable destination management on perceived luxury service quality, taking into account the mediating role of perceived environmental responsibility and the moderating effect of tourist environmental awareness. Data were obtained from 541 tourists [...] Read more.
This study applied the Stimulus–Organism–Response Theory to investigate the impact of sustainable destination management on perceived luxury service quality, taking into account the mediating role of perceived environmental responsibility and the moderating effect of tourist environmental awareness. Data were obtained from 541 tourists in Northern Cyprus, and the analysis was conducted using Herman’s single-factor test in SPSS version 23 and partial least squares structural equation modeling in SmartPLS version 4.1.1.2. The study’s results revealed a significant positive influence of sustainable destination management on both perceived luxury service quality and environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the study showed a significant positive relationship between perceived environmental responsibility and perceived luxury service quality. Additionally, tourist environmental consciousness was found to be an important influencing factor in perceived luxury service quality. The mediating role of perceived environmental responsibility was revealed to be a significant partial mediator between sustainable destination management and perceived luxury service quality pathways. Although environmental awareness revealed an insignificant moderating influence on the relationship between sustainable destination management and perceived luxury service quality, it indicated a negative significant moderating influence on the relationship between perceived environmental responsibility and perceived luxury service quality. The study highlights how assessments of luxury services are contingent upon perceived environmental responsibility through sustainable destination activities. Emphasizing both academic and management perspectives, it encourages future research to explore broader psychological and contextual factors. Therefore, it underscores the strategic necessity of sustainability in enhancing the luxury tourism experience. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3386 KiB  
Article
Design of Realistic and Artistically Expressive 3D Facial Models for Film AIGC: A Cross-Modal Framework Integrating Audience Perception Evaluation
by Yihuan Tian, Xinyang Li, Zuling Cheng, Yang Huang and Tao Yu
Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4646; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154646 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 378
Abstract
The rise of virtual production has created an urgent need for both efficient and high-fidelity 3D face generation schemes for cinema and immersive media, but existing methods are often limited by lighting–geometry coupling, multi-view dependency, and insufficient artistic quality. To address this, this [...] Read more.
The rise of virtual production has created an urgent need for both efficient and high-fidelity 3D face generation schemes for cinema and immersive media, but existing methods are often limited by lighting–geometry coupling, multi-view dependency, and insufficient artistic quality. To address this, this study proposes a cross-modal 3D face generation framework based on single-view semantic masks. It utilizes Swin Transformer for multi-level feature extraction and combines with NeRF for illumination decoupled rendering. We utilize physical rendering equations to explicitly separate surface reflectance from ambient lighting to achieve robust adaptation to complex lighting variations. In addition, to address geometric errors across illumination scenes, we construct geometric a priori constraint networks by mapping 2D facial features to 3D parameter space as regular terms with the help of semantic masks. On the CelebAMask-HQ dataset, this method achieves a leading score of SSIM = 0.892 (37.6% improvement from baseline) with FID = 40.6. The generated faces excel in symmetry and detail fidelity with realism and aesthetic scores of 8/10 and 7/10, respectively, in a perceptual evaluation with 1000 viewers. By combining physical-level illumination decoupling with semantic geometry a priori, this paper establishes a quantifiable feedback mechanism between objective metrics and human aesthetic evaluation, providing a new paradigm for aesthetic quality assessment of AI-generated content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Convolutional Neural Network Technology for 3D Imaging and Sensing)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 2114 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Acoustic and Perceptual Variables in Three Heritage Churches in Quito Using Structural Equation Modeling
by Fausto Espinoza, Luis Bravo-Moncayo, Luis Garzón, Víctor Poblete and Jorge P. Arenas
Buildings 2025, 15(15), 2639; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15152639 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 416
Abstract
Acoustic quality is one of the aspects that contribute to the heritage of cultural and religious spaces. It is increasingly common to find scientific literature detailing the sound characteristics of places of worship, especially those with cultural and historical significance. This article presents [...] Read more.
Acoustic quality is one of the aspects that contribute to the heritage of cultural and religious spaces. It is increasingly common to find scientific literature detailing the sound characteristics of places of worship, especially those with cultural and historical significance. This article presents a comprehensive acoustic characterization of three colonial heritage churches in Quito. It examines the relationship between objective and subjective parameters that influence the valuation of a space or sound environment. To analyze this relationship, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate three latent variables using perceptual acoustic indicators. The SEM results highlighted significant associations between physical acoustic parameters, emotional responses, and evaluative judgments, underscoring that traditional intelligibility metrics alone may not fully capture acoustic quality in these contexts. These findings provide a robust interdisciplinary framework that spans objective measures and human perception, offering valuable guidance for future heritage conservation efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Improvement of the Indoor Acoustic Environment)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1710 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Seed Oil Extraction from Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. Using Response Surface Methodology
by Fatima Ezzahra Eddaoudi, Chakir El Guezzane, Hamza El Moudden, Ayoub Badi, Yousra El Idrissi, Hicham Harhar, Agnese Santanatoglia, Filippo Maggi, Giovanni Caprioli, Abdelhakim Bouyahya and Mohamed Tabyaoui
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2298; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152298 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
Two solvents, n-hexane and ethyl acetate, were employed to extract oil from Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. seeds using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The process was optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). ANOVA and a second-order polynomial equation were [...] Read more.
Two solvents, n-hexane and ethyl acetate, were employed to extract oil from Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. seeds using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The process was optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). ANOVA and a second-order polynomial equation were applied to evaluate the effects of key operational factors, including extraction time (20–60 min) and solvent-to-solid ratio (0.2–0.6 g/mL), on oil yield. The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and functional groups of the extracted oil were analyzed. While both solvents influenced oil yield and quality, the fatty acid composition remained consistent, with unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, identified as the main components. Under optimized conditions, the highest oil yields were 22% with n-hexane and 19.91% with ethyl acetate. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ester groups, suggesting potential applications in biodiesel production. These findings offer valuable insights for producing oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids for food, cosmetic and renewable energy industries. These findings pave the way for further advancements in industrial applications by promoting the sustainable use of plant-derived oils. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 673 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Modeling and Structural Equation Analysis of Acceptance Behavior Intention to AI Medical Diagnosis Systems
by Kai-Chao Yao and Sumei Chiang
Mathematics 2025, 13(15), 2390; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13152390 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 300
Abstract
This study builds on Davis’ TAM by integrating environmental and psychological variables relevant to AI medical diagnostics. This study developed a mathematical theoretical model called the “AI medical diagnosis-acceptance evaluation model” (AMD-AEM) to better understand acceptance behavior intention. Using mathematical modeling, we established [...] Read more.
This study builds on Davis’ TAM by integrating environmental and psychological variables relevant to AI medical diagnostics. This study developed a mathematical theoretical model called the “AI medical diagnosis-acceptance evaluation model” (AMD-AEM) to better understand acceptance behavior intention. Using mathematical modeling, we established reflective measurement model indicators and structural equation relationships, where linear structural equations illustrate the interactions among latent variables. In 2025, we collected empirical data from 2380 patients and medical staff who have experience with AI diagnostic systems in teaching hospitals in central Taiwan. Smart PLS 3 was employed to validate the AMD-AEM model. The results reveal that perceived usefulness (PU) and information quality (IQ) are the primary predictors of acceptance behavior intention (ABI). Additionally, perceived ease of use (PE) indirectly influences ABI through PU and attitude toward use (ATU). AI emotional perception (AEP) notably shows a significant positive relationship with ATU, highlighting that warm and positive human–AI interactions are crucial for user acceptance. IQ was identified as a mediating variable, with variance accounted for (VAF) coefficient analysis confirming its complete mediation effect on the path from ATU to ABI. This indicates that information quality enhances user attitudes and directly increases acceptance behavior intention. The AMD-AEM model demonstrates an excellent fit, providing valuable insights for academia and the healthcare industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Statistical Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop