3,049 Results Found

All too often, organizations embrace standards for health technology assessment that fail to meet those of normal science. A value assessment framework has been endorsed that is patently in the realm of pseudoscience. If a value assessment framework...

This study aims to collect water samples from two tributaries within the Geum River basin in South Korea, where large-scale livestock complexes are located, to quantify the measured environmental concentration (MEC) of pharmaceutical residues using a...

Background: Nanotechnology has been the main area of focus for research in different disciplines, such as medicine, engineering, and applied sciences. Therefore, enormous efforts have been made to insert the use of nanoparticles into the daily routin...

Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic com...

This study identified existing issues related to quantitative pharmaceutical risk assessment (QPhRA, hereafter) for pharmaceuticals in water and proposed possible solutions by analyzing methodologies and findings of different published QPhRA studies....

The occurrence of micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and hormones in various aquatic ecosystems is a matter of grave concern due to their possible repercussions on human and wildlife endocrine systems. The...

Pharmaceutical plants are an essential source of antibiotics emitted into the aqueous environment. The monitoring of target antibiotics in pharmaceutical plants through various regions is vital to optimize contaminant release. The occurrence, distrib...

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are metallic chemicals with densities that are higher than that of water. Water pollution by PTEs due to the discharge of untreated pharmaceutical industrial effluents is a risk to human health and ecological integri...

Household medication hoarding is an emerging public and environmental health concern linked to inadequate pharmaceutical waste management and the lack of ecopharmacovigilance programs. This study analyzed the reasons for medication accumulation and a...

Background: The increasing consumption of psychoactive pharmaceuticals has led to their continuous release into aquatic environments. Methods: This study assessed the ecotoxicological responses, phytoremediation capacity, and ecological risk of seven...

Pharmaceutical residues are increasingly detected in aquatic environments and are recognized as contaminants of emerging concern. This systematic literature review compiled and evaluated published concentrations of pharmaceutical residues in bottled...

Pharmaceuticals and hormones (PhACs) enter the aquatic environment in multiple ways, posing potential adverse effects on non-target organisms. They have been widely detected in drinking water sources, challenging water companies to reassure good qual...

The ecotoxicological impact of pharmaceuticals has received considerable attention, primarily focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) while largely neglecting the potential hazards posed by pharmaceutical excipients. Therefore, we analyz...

During production, storage, and administration, drug products (and their intermediates) are in contact with many different types of materials, which include manufacturing components, container closure systems, and administration materials; therefore,...

The work aimed to investigate the presence of pharmaceutical compounds from the anti-inflammatory class in seawater from the Romanian Black Sea coast and to assess the ecological risk of these substances on the most sensitive organisms. Using the sol...

Background/Objectives: The accumulation of unused and expired pharmaceuticals in households is a growing public health concern with implications for patient safety, rational drug use, and environmental health. However, systematic risk characterizatio...

Smoking is the main preventable cause of illness and early death worldwide. Thus, it is better to promote smoking cessation than to treat tobacco-related diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the implementation and effectiveness of smok...

Pharmaceutical and microbial pollution in urban rivers is an emerging concern, particularly in developing regions with limited wastewater treatment capacity, posing risks to human health and ecosystems. This study evaluated the risk profiles of selec...

The viscoelastic nature of polymeric formulations utilised in drug products imparts unique thermomechanical attributes during manufacturing and over the shelf life of the product. Nevertheless, it adds to the challenge of understanding the precise me...

Because of significant differences in institutional contexts, health technology assessment (HTA) systems that are in place in core pharmaceutical markets may not be suitable, fully or in part, for middle-income countries (MICs) and for other noncore...

A fixed-dose combination of paracetamol (PCM) and caffeine (CAF) tablets/capsules is the most frequently used over-the-counter medicine for fever and headache. In this paper, a simple, reliable, sensitive, rapid, and stability-indicating ultra-perfor...

Evaluating pharmaceutical enterprises with sustainable and high-quality development ability (SHQDA) can not only provide strategies for the pharmaceutical management department in formulating enterprise development plans, but also provide suggestions...

It has been suggested that ChatGPT can be used to write assessment questions. This study aimed to evaluate student pharmacists’ academic performance on ChatGPT-generated questions in summative assessments, explore their perceptions regarding th...

The efficiency of ozonation depends on the water matrix and the reaction time. Herein, these factors were addressed by assessing the removal of five pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by ozonation. The main aims were: (i) to assess the...

Wastewater treatment plants represent relevant point sources of environmental-adverse pharmaceuticals in river systems. Extensive monitoring and substance-routing models are crucial for environmental risk assessment and river planning. However, most...

The activated sludge process serves as the core barrier in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, yet its stability is inherently challenged by the extreme complexity of influent composition and the unpredictability of toxic shocks, particularly under...

The extensive use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) leads to a continuous increase of their presence in urban wastewater. These pollutants are discharged into natural waters and pose a threat to human health and the ecological env...

Polymers are fundamental components of modern pharmaceutical manufacturing, serving critical roles as excipients, binders, coatings, and matrices for controlled drug delivery systems. However, the conventional production of pharmaceutical polymers re...

Poultry production is a major component of the livestock sector in Nigeria and continues to expand rapidly; however, it is still constrained by low productivity. A farm survey was conducted to provide a baseline assessment of poultry production (prod...

Contamination of marine ecosystems by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) deserves more research since their environmental fate differs from that observed in freshwater systems. However, knowledge remains scarce, especially in semi-arid coastal...

For delivering high quality pharmaceutical care pharmacy students need to develop the competences for patient centered communication. The aim of the article is to describe how a curriculum on patient centered communication can be designed for a pharm...

Introduction: Minor digestive ailments are a common reason for individuals to visit pharmacies, and can be efficiently managed through structured pharmaceutical advice. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of advice provided by pharmacists...

The Stability Toolkit for the Appraisal of Bio/Pharmaceuticals’ Level of Endurance (STABLE) is introduced and proposed as a comprehensive tool and software to evaluate the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) under various stre...

Background: This paper reviews cost containment policies to control pharmaceutical expenditure either by regulating the pharmaceutical industry or targeting the demand side. Methods: The method used was the narrative literature review of studies whic...

This study evaluated the efficiency and ecotoxicological impact of the Fenton oxidation process with different metal-based catalysts (FeSO₄, CuSO₄, MnSO₄) in removing pharmaceuticals and organic contaminants from real hospital wastewater. All catalyt...

Pharmaceuticals are increasingly recognized as contaminants of emerging concern, yet monitoring strategies often do not reflect actual consumption patterns or ecological risk. Greece presents a particularly relevant case due to high pharmaceutical us...

The regulation of new medicine prices must balance financial sustainability with equitable access to innovation. Value-Based Pricing (VBP) strategies seek to align drug prices with their clinical and societal impact. The Pharmaceutical Innovativeness...

This study presents the development and validation of environmentally friendly analytical methods for quantifying Abiraterone Acetate (AA) in both its pure form and commercial pharmaceutical formulations. An optimized High-Performance Liquid Chromato...

Pharmaceuticals are still considered emerging pollutants affecting both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Scavenging bird species may be exposed to veterinary drugs when they feed on livestock carcasses provided at supplementary feeding stations, a...

Urban water security in many cities in the Global South is increasingly challenged by ageing infrastructure and the presence of persistent chemical contaminants. This study investigated the Harare metropolitan water continuum between 2020 and 2024 us...

Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is widely used as a physical filter in sunscreen formulations due to its ability to reflect and scatter radiation. The effectiveness of TiO₂-based preparations depends on particle size, influencing photoprotective...

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, the reliability of machines and utility assets is critical to ensuring product quality, regulatory compliance, and uninterrupted operations. Traditional Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM) models quantify asset criticality u...

Background/Objectives: Medicine acceptability is crucial for paediatric drug development, yet its assessment remains challenging due to the multifaceted nature of sensory attributes like taste, smell, and mouthfeel. Traditional methods of acceptabili...

In recent years, there is a growing concern about the alarming spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in different environments. Increasingly, many species of bacteria, fungi and viruses are becoming immune to the most commonly used pharmaceuticals...

The rapid progress in biotechnology over the past few decades has accelerated the large-scale production of therapeutic peptides and proteins, making them available in medical practice. However, injections are the most common method of administration...

Pharmaceuticals, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their metabolites, have become a major concern due to their increasing consumption and their widespread occurrence in the environment. In this paper, we investigate the occur...

Humanity faces the great challenges arising from pollution and climate change which evidently lead to the irreversible effects observed on the planet. It is now more important than ever to monitor and safeguard the ecosystem as it has been highlighte...

Background/Objectives: The widespread presence of antimicrobial-resistant pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater poses serious ecological and public health risks and remains difficult to address using conventional treatment technologies. Moreover,...

This work proposes a methodological approach that could be useful in multidisciplinary health technology assessments (HTAs). Mathematical models based on real data were used to make predictions for the initial price and actual cost of three classes o...

Clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil, ECEO) is known for its high eugenol content and notable antimicrobial properties. However, the volatility and instability of its active compounds hinder broader pharmaceutical applications. Me...