Search Results (13,730)

Background/Objectives: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is implicated in glycemic control. However, its circulating levels and clinical significance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain controversial. We assessed plasma S1P levels in T2DM patients, its associations with metabolic parameters and complications, and explored its biomarker potential and non-linear (U-/J-shaped) relationships. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 140 patients with T2DM and 63 matching healthy controls. Plasma S1P was measured by competitive ELISA. Statistical analyses included comparisons, correlation, ROC analysis, multivariable logistic regression, and quadratic/spline regression for U-shaped relationships. Results: Plasma S1P was significantly elevated in T2DM patients [1256.7 (149.4–1510.0) ng/mL] compared to controls [1075.1 (202.0–1510.0) ng/mL; p < 0.001]. S1P correlated positively with age, disease duration, HbA1c, insulin resistance, TyG index, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and negatively with HDL-C. Patients with complications had higher S1P than those without (p = 0.001), with progressive increases from retinopathy to nephropathy to mixed complications. Insulin-treated patients exhibited the highest S1P levels (p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed moderate diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.724). S1P is an independent associated factor with complications (OR = 1.18 per 100 ng/mL, p = 0.003). Non-linear analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship with HDL-C (optimal S1P: 1100–1350 ng/mL) and a J-shaped relationship with complication risk (threshold ~1250 ng/mL). Conclusions: Plasma S1P is elevated in T2DM and correlates with disease severity, glycemic control, insulin resistance, and complications. S1P demonstrates moderate biomarker potential and exhibits non-linear U-/J-shaped relationships with metabolic parameters, suggesting an optimal therapeutic window of 1100–1280 ng/mL. These findings support S1P as a marker of cumulative disease burden and a potential therapeutic target. Full article

Background and Aim: Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy is commonly associated with skin toxicity, which may reflect treatment response. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of anti-EGFR-related skin toxicity in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving palliative chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 256 RAS wild-type mCRC patients treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey (June 2011–February 2024). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank comparisons. A landmark analysis at 2 months was performed to address guarantee-time bias. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: The median PFS was 17 months in patients with grade ≥ 2 skin toxicity versus 8 months in those with grade < 2 skin toxicity (p < 0.001). The median OS was 32 and 21 months, respectively (p < 0.001). In the landmark-adjusted multivariate analysis, grade ≥ 2 skin toxicity was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.39–0.70, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37–0.68, p < 0.001). Additional independent factors for OS included albumin, LDH, peritoneal metastasis, age, tumor sidedness, and BMI. The objective response rates were 53.9% and 11.3% in the grade ≥ 2 and grade < 2 groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Grade ≥ 2 skin toxicity was significantly associated with longer PFS, OS, and a higher response rate, and was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. These findings suggest that skin toxicity may serve as a non-invasive marker of treatment efficacy. Prospective studies with time-dependent methodologies are needed to validate these results. Full article

Background/Objectives: Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) has recently emerged as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer; however, its prognostic relevance in the neoadjuvant setting remains insufficiently defined. We evaluated the clinical significance of CLDN18.2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b) expression in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 64 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by curative surgery. Pretreatment endoscopic biopsy specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemistry to assess CLDN18.2 and FGFR2b expression. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: CLDN18.2 positivity was detected in 29.7% of patients and was not associated with baseline clinicopathological characteristics or pathological treatment response. However, CLDN18.2-positive tumors demonstrated significantly shorter relapse-free survival (median 19.0 vs. 36.6 months, p = 0.038) and overall survival (median 28.9 vs. 53.4 months, p = 0.005). In multivariable analysis, CLDN18.2 positivity remained an independent predictor of relapse-free survival. FGFR2b positivity was observed in 14.1% of patients and was evaluated descriptively due to limited case numbers. Conclusions: CLDN18.2 expression may represent a clinically relevant prognostic biomarker reflecting aggressive tumor biology in locally advanced gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Full article

Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a novel adipokine with a plethora of functions meaningful for the regulation of adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity. Despite research, the role of ZAG in the course of childhood obesity is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the levels of ZAG can be used as a predictive or monitoring biomarker of adolescent obesity. Secondly, to determine the cut-off value of ZAG in blood serum in adolescents with obesity. The study included a group of 77 adolescent patients, including 59 obese patients, and 18 without obesity as healthy control subjects. All study participants had their biochemical parameters assessed by a certified medical laboratory. The recommendations of the Polish Society of Hypertensions were used to assess the blood pressure measurements in each group. ELISA enzyme immunoassays (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were used to detect serum levels of ZAG. Our study showed that obese children and adolescents have significantly higher body mass, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but lower serum ZAG levels compared to the healthy control subjects. Furthermore, in our study, we found that median ZAG values were comparable between females and males within the same obesity category (median female ZAG level: 2.84, median male ZAG level: 2.89) and healthy control participants (median female ZAG level: 5.20, median male ZAG level: 4.99). Serum ZAG concentrations were significantly lower in obese participants (2.86 ± 0.40 mg/L) than in the control group (5.10 ± 0.74 mg/L; p < 0.001). The multivariable Firth’s logistic regression model, incorporating the selected factors, revealed a significant association between obesity and ZAG. ROC curve analysis indicated strong discriminatory ability of ZAG for identifying obesity, with a proposed cut-off value of 3.62 mg/L. Circulating ZAG level is significantly reduced in children and adolescents with obesity. An important finding of our study is the detection of a cutoff value for serum ZAG levels. Furthermore, the use of the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) model can be considered a valuable contribution to defining ZAG as an independent factor associated with obesity. Full article

In the present-day mining conditions, the ensuring of effective ventilation is the key factor in mine safety and energy efficiency. Calculating the aerodynamic drag of mine workings is the basis for designing and optimizing ventilation systems. Aerodynamic drag is determined by the aerodynamic drag coefficient, whose values in classical theory do not always correspond to actual mining conditions. This study examines the effect of the working cross-sectional area, the air flow velocity (taking into account leaks through the mined space), the support density, and the presence of reinforcement elements on the aerodynamic drag coefficient. Using statistical analysis, multivariate relationships were obtained for calculating the aerodynamic drag coefficient. The practical significance of the results consists of improving the accuracy of ventilation parameter calculations, optimizing the air flow and ventilation modes, and reducing risks in controlling aero-gas conditions in mining areas. Full article

Background/Objectives: Limited research has examined the correlates among the lifestyle habits of nursing students, whose suboptimal behaviors may compromise their ability to model and promote healthy lifestyles in future professional practice. This study aimed to assess health-promoting lifestyle behaviors, explore interrelationships among lifestyle domains, and identify key correlates of positive health-promoting lifestyle behaviors to inform the development of targeted interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 476 undergraduate nursing students in Spain. Data included sociodemographic, academic, and health-related variables, along with Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) scores. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and hierarchical multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with positive health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. Results: Overall HPLP-II scores indicated modest health-promoting lifestyle behaviors (adjusted mean 2.62 ± 0.33), with the lowest scores observed for health responsibility (adjusted mean 2.20 ± 0.48) and stress management (adjusted mean 2.33 ± 0.44). Health-related variables showed stronger associations with positive health-promoting lifestyle behaviors than sociodemographic or academic variables (p < 0.001). Significant correlates of positive health-promoting lifestyle behaviors included higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, greater levels of physical activity, and concurrent employment during studies. Conclusions: Support of nutrition, physical activity, and other health-promoting lifestyle behaviors should be strengthened in nursing curricula and training environments. Educational strategies should move beyond theoretical instruction through student-centered approaches, enhancing self-care and the ability to promote health in future professional practice. Full article

The output power of photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by various environmental factors, exhibiting strong nonlinearity and non-stationarity, which poses significant challenges for accurate forecasting. To address these issues, this paper proposes a short-term PV power forecasting method based on wavelet convolutional neural networks and an improved Transformer. First, the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) is employed to decompose the original PV power sequence into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Fuzzy entropy is then utilized to evaluate the complexity of each component, and subsequences with similar entropy values are reconstructed to reduce the non-stationarity of the original series. Subsequently, Pearson correlation coefficients and the maximal information coefficient (MIC) are applied to capture both linear and nonlinear relationships between each reconstructed component and meteorological features, enabling the selection of strongly correlated variables. On this basis, a wavelet convolutional network (WTConv) is introduced to perform multi-scale decomposition and frequency-band feature extraction on the reconstructed components by integrating wavelet transform with convolution operations, effectively expanding the receptive field and extracting deep-seated features of the sequences. Finally, an improved iTransformer model is adopted for time-series modeling, leveraging its inverted encoding structure and self-attention mechanism to fully capture long-term dependencies among multivariate variables. The proposed model is validated using actual power data from a PV plant in Ningxia, China, across four seasons. Comprehensive experiments, including ablation studies, comparative analyses, loss function convergence evaluation, and Diebold–Mariano significance tests, are conducted to thoroughly assess the model’s effectiveness and superiority. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves excellent prediction accuracy and stability in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, showing strong potential for engineering applications. Full article

The primary objective of this research is to quantitatively isolate the complex driving factors of slope deformation and explicitly reveal the long-term creep mechanism induced by early excavation unloading, thereby providing a theoretical basis for long-term stability evaluation. To achieve this, this study adopts a combined approach of multivariate statistical regression and numerical simulation inversion based on long-sequence monitoring data. First, a multivariate statistical regression model incorporating time-dependent, rainfall, temperature, valley width, and excavation components was constructed to quantitatively separate the contribution weights of each factor. Second, by introducing a rock–soil creep constitutive model, a refined finite element model was established to perform back-analysis of creep parameters and numerical simulation. The results indicate that two large-scale slope-cutting excavations were the direct triggers for the deformation, resulting in shear dislocation of the deep ancient sliding zone and superficial slippage. The dominant factors exhibit distinct phasic and spatial differences: before impoundment, the time-dependent component was absolutely dominant (>80%); after impoundment, low-elevation areas were significantly affected by valley width shrinkage (>60%), while high-elevation areas remained dominated by time-dependent deformation (>74%). Numerical simulation confirmed that the nature of the deformation is “excavation unloading-induced creep along the ancient sliding zone,” and the simulation results considering creep effects accurately reproduced the actual deformation characteristics observed in situ. It is concluded that the rheological effects induced by early excavation unloading are central to the control of long-term stability. Full article

Objective: To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: We used data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort with a follow-up duration of >5 years. Baseline assessments included genetic analysis, brain MRI, cardiovascular risk factors, and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms of PD were evaluated using the Movement Disorders Society revised Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and sub-scores, Hoehn–Yahr stage, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Statistical analyses comprised univariate and multivariate linear regression and stratified analysis. Results: A total of 169 newly diagnosed PD patients and 78 healthy controls (HCs) were included. At baseline, no significant differences in cardiovascular risk factors or overall CVD risk were observed between PD patients and HCs. Hypertension (β = 6.748, p = 0.040) and hyperlipidemia (β = 8.316, p = 0.005) were associated with faster motor progression. ApoE genotype was correlated with motor progression (β = 7.593, p = 0.007). PD patients with a moderate-to-low CVD risk (<20%) had milder axial motor symptoms (3.0 [IQR, 4.0] vs. 4.0 [IQR, 5.0], p = 0.048) and lower MDS-UPDRS Part I total scores (7.0 [IQR, 6.25] vs. 9.0 [IQR, 7.0], p = 0.039) at last follow-up compared to high-CVD-risk (≥20%) patients. Overall CVD risk was negatively correlated with total MoCA score at last follow-up (β = −0.208, p< 0.001). Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk factors accelerate the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, suggesting that management of modifiable CVD risk factors may represent a promising target to delay the progression of PD. Full article

Background: Industrial activities may contribute to airway diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, which are major respiratory health problems with geographically variable prevalence. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of COPD and asthma and to examine factors associated with impaired pulmonary function among workers and residents of the Navanakorn Industrial Zone, Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from September 2025 to January 2026 among adults aged ≥18 years who were employed in or residing within the Navanakorn Industrial Zone. Data collected included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, respiratory symptoms, chest radiographic findings, and spirometric parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), and bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR). COPD was defined as the presence of respiratory symptoms in conjunction with at least one risk factor and a post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC < 70%. Asthma was defined by the presence of respiratory symptoms with a positive BDR. Results: Among the 373 participants (65.4% female; mean age 55.0 ± 13.6 years), the prevalence of COPD and asthma was 4.3% and 5.4%, respectively. Abnormal chest radiographic findings were present in 8.6%, while abnormal pulmonary function was identified in 30.8%. Lung function abnormalities included airway obstruction (12.9%), restrictive patterns (9.7%), mixed defects (2.1%), and small airway disease (6.2%). A positive BDR was detected in 2.4% of participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated older age, male sex, a history of asthma, and the presence of chest tightness as independent predictors of abnormal lung function. Conclusions: COPD and asthma were prevalent among individuals working or living in the industrial zone, and abnormal pulmonary function—particularly obstructive defects—was common. Older age, male sex, a history of asthma, and respiratory symptoms were associated with a greater risk of lung function impairment, underscoring the importance of targeted surveillance and preventive strategies in industrial environments. Full article

The kidney and the brain share similarities in terms of structure and haemodynamic regime. The aim of the study was to assess a potential correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF) with biomarkers of podocyte damage, proximal tubular (PT) dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as with cerebral vessels haemodynamic indices in neurologic asymptomatic type 2 DM patients. A cohort of 212 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM and 49 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Parameters studied were urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), biomarkers of podocyte damage (synaptopodin, podocalyxin), PT dysfunction (kidney injury molecule-1-KIM-1, N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase-NAG), endothelial dysfunction (P-selectin), VEGF, sFlt-1, and PlGF. The cerebrovascular hemodynamic indices evaluated were intima–media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCAs), the pulsatility index (PI), and the resistivity index (RI) in the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) was assessed by the breath-holding index (BHI). In multivariable regression analysis, serum VEGF correlated directly with UACR, synaptopodin, NAG, serum P-selectin; serum sFlt-1 correlated directly with UACR, synaptopodin, podocalyxin, NAG, KIM-1; serum PlGF correlated negatively with eGFR and directly with UACR, synaptopodin, KIM-1. IMT-CCA correlated indirectly with eGFR and directly with UACR, serum P-selectin, and serum sFlt-1. The PI-ICAs correlated negatively with eGFR and positively with UACR, synaptopodin, serum P-selectin, and serum sFlt-1. The PI-MCAs correlated indirectly with eGFR and directly with synaptopodin, serum P-selectin, and serum sFlt-1. The RI-ICAs had a negative correlation with eGFR and a positive one with UACR, synaptopodin, NAG, KIM-1, urinary sFlt-1, and serum PlGF. The RI-MCAs displayed an indirect correlation with eGFR and a direct correlation with NAG, KIM-1, and serum sFlt-1. The BHT correlated directly with eGFR and negatively with serum P-selectin and serum PlGF. The study shows a significant association of VEGF, sFlt-1, and PlGF with biomarkers of podocyte injury, PT dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction in early stages of DKD. These pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors correlated with cerebrovascular haemodynamic indices in neurologic asymptomatic type 2 DM, even in the normoalbuminuric stage of diabetic kidney disease. Full article

Background/Objectives: Despite the availability of the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea, participation rates remain suboptimal. The literature demonstrates that cancer screening participation extends beyond individual-level knowledge and attitudes and is largely associated with trust. This study examines the role of trust—across cancer screening tests, health care providers, and health care organizations—as a central determinant of cancer screening participation among Koreans. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 369 Korean adults aged 40 years and older, recruited through convenience sampling from community centers in a metropolitan city. Data were collected using structured, paper-based questionnaires assessing socio-demographic factors and multilevel trust across specific screening tests, doctors, and health care organizations. Following descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of cancer screening utilization. Results: Koreans had relatively high trust in doctors and cancer screening tests. On an 11-point numeric rating scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (completely), the mean scores were 7.47 for the trust in doctors; colonoscopy had the highest trust score (M = 7.71), whereas the fecal occult blood test had the lowest (M = 7.14). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that trust and distrust were associated with the utilization of Pap smear, gastroscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, and colonoscopy in complex and sometimes paradoxical ways, and having a usual source of care was a consistent facilitator of cancer screening. Conclusions: These findings suggest that future research is needed to examine the complex interplay among trust, access to health care, and national policy in shaping cancer screening utilization in the Republic of Korea. Full article

Background/Objectives: Tunisia lacks recent national data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, particularly following the introduction of universal HBV vaccination in 1995. A national HBV seroprevalence study is essential to guide prevention strategies. This study aimed to estimate the national seroprevalence of HBV infection and identify its determinants 20 years after vaccine introduction. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, household-based, cross-sectional sero-epidemiological survey among a representative sample of the Tunisian general population using a two-stage cluster sampling method. The study was conducted by the National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases (ONMNE) between December 2014 and June 2015. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, and blood samples were tested using electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) to detect HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs). HBV infection was defined as the presence of HBsAg and/or anti-HBc with the absence of anti-HBs. Associations between HBV infection and explanatory variables (socio-demographics, vaccination status, intrafamilial transmission, and hospital exposures) were assessed using multivariate logistic regression, reporting adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 21,720 participants, 19,155 (88.2%) were tested. The national prevalence of HBsAg was 1.7% (95% CI: 1.55–1.85%), higher among males (2.1%; 95% CI: 1.9–2.4%) than females (1.4%; 95% CI: 1.3–1.6%) (p < 0.001; M/F ratio = 1.48). The mean age of HBsAg-positive participants was 48 ± 15.7 years. Prevalence was highest in the Central (2.3%; 95% CI: 2.0–2.7%) and Southern regions (2.2%; 95% CI: 1.8–2.8%) (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for HBV infection included age >20 years (aOR = 15.10; 95% CI: 4.79–47.64; p < 0.001), having a family member with HBV infection (aOR = 2.82; 95% CI: 2.09–3.79; p < 0.001), residing in the Southern (aOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.76–2.71; p < 0.001) or Central region (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.76–2.71; p < 0.001), male gender (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.39–2.05; p < 0.001), and hospital follow-up (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01–1.51; p = 0.039). HBV vaccination was strongly protective (aOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.20–0.62; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The national HBsAg seroprevalence in Tunisia was 1.7%, reflecting a low-endemic status. Vaccination programs should prioritize high-risk groups, including males, adults over 20 years, household contacts of HBV carriers, and residents of the Central and Southern regions. Strengthening infection prevention and control in healthcare settings and adopting intrafamilial precautions among high-risk populations are essential for long-term HBV control. Full article

Background: Frailty is a common finding in elderly subjects with severe aortic stenosis (AoS) and a strong predictor of mortality and disability after aortic valve surgery. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is related to different cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, which in turn are correlated to the progression of frailty as well as of AoS. Aim: to analyze the association of AIP with different CV risk factors and frailty scores and its value as a determinant of mortality in older adults with severe AoS. Methods: The association of AIP with a multidimensional assessment of frailty by using Fried criteria and the following indices; timed up-and-go test (TUG) for gait function; Charlson Index (CI), basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for disability; mini–mental state examination for cognitive function evaluation (MMSE); Geriatric Depression Score for mood disorder (GDS); Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) for nutritional status was assessed in 102 elderly AoS patients (33 males; mean age 83 ± 6 yrs). Moreover, the relationship between AIP and demographic, lifestyle, traditional CV risk factors and CV mortality was also evaluated. Results: Significant relationships between AIP and glycemia and inflammatory parameters (CRP, ESR and fibrinogen) as well as with troponin I were found. Moreover, AIP significantly correlates with CI, BADL, IADL and MNA. However, the Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show any significant difference for survival rates according to AIP intervals of risk, whereas ejection fraction remained the only significant determinant after multivariate adjustment for mortality at the Cox proportional hazard models analysis in this patient population. Conclusions: Higher AIP is significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk and increased physical dysfunction risk and frailty in AoS pts, evidencing its potential use as a simple biomarker in this clinical setting, although it did not represent a significant determinant for mortality in this population. Full article

Background: Nutrition and sleep are critical determinants of athletic performance and recovery. Direct comparative research between endurance and strength–power athletes remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, sleep quality, and Body Mass Index between ultramarathon runners and American football players, as well as to explore independent predictors of sleep quality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 231 male athletes. To address group size disparity and mitigate statistical bias, a random undersampling technique was applied to create a balanced cohort of 86 athletes comprising 43 ultramarathon runners and 43 American football players. Nutritional parameters were assessed using the Kom-PAN questionnaire. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test with False Discovery Rate correction. An integrated multiple regression model was constructed to identify predictors of global sleep quality. Results: Ultramarathon runners demonstrated significantly better overall sleep quality (p = 0.026) and higher nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001) compared to American football players. Differences in adherence to pro-healthy and non-healthy dietary patterns were not statistically significant after False Discovery Rate correction. The integrated multiple regression model revealed that the athletic discipline was the primary independent predictor of global sleep quality (p = 0.001), while dietary variables did not exhibit a significant independent effect. Furthermore, higher Body Mass Index was independently associated with better sleep scores within the multivariate model (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Significant sport-specific differences exist in BMI, nutritional knowledge, and sleep quality. Global sleep quality appears to be primarily associated with the specific physiological and environmental demands of the athletic discipline rather than individual dietary factors, which were not independently significant in the multivariable model. These findings suggest that recovery strategies in strength–power athletes may require a broader, multifactorial approach beyond nutritional education alone. Full article