Search Results (1,998)

Despite the widespread adoption of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, there is limited empirical research examining how different sustainability categories are implemented in practice or how methodological patterns influence certification outcomes. This study contributes to this understanding by analysing LEED v4 Building Design + Construction certification patterns across 1252 newly constructed buildings in the United States to understand the methodological foundations and identify improvement opportunities for the LEED framework. Using credit achievement degree (CAD) analysis, regional variation assessment, and correlation analysis, we examined category adoption patterns across nine US climate regions, investigated relationships between LEED categories, and analysed certification level influences. The analysis reveals significant disparities in category adoption, with innovation (80.7%) and regional priority (66.6%) achieving high implementation rates while the category of material and resources (41.1%) consistently underperforms. Statistically significant regional variations exist across eight of nine categories (p < 0.05), with location and transportation showing the highest variability (CV = 20.1%). The category of energy and atmosphere demonstrates the strongest relationship with overall project performance (R² = 0.38), explaining 43% of total score variation and serving as the primary driver of higher certification levels. Most critically, inter-category correlations are weak (typically R² < 0.05), indicating that projects treat sustainability domains as separate challenges rather than integrated systems. Positive skewness across all certification levels (z-scores > 1.96) provides statistical evidence of strategic “point-chasing” behaviour, where teams target minimum thresholds rather than maximising comprehensive sustainability performance. These findings reveal fundamental methodological patterns that may limit LEED’s effectiveness in promoting holistic sustainability approaches. The compartmentalised implementation patterns and threshold-focused strategies suggest opportunities for structural refinements, including enhanced integration incentives, region-sensitive benchmarking, and certification frameworks that reward comprehensive rather than minimal compliance. This research contributes empirical evidence for evidence-based improvements to green building certification methodology and provides insights for more effective sustainability assessment tools. Full article

The concept of governance has gained increasing attention across various fields of study. However, its application within the specific context of educational policies, particularly within compulsory public education, remains fragmented and underexplored. To answer the questions “How is governance conceptualized in the context of the compulsory public education system?” and “What contributions to future research emerge from this review?”, 32 peer-reviewed articles published in open-access journals between 2019 and 2023 were extracted from the Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC databases and selected following PRISMA guidelines. Results from this systematic literature review analysis suggest a sustained yet moderate interest in the field, as evidenced by the reviewed publications, different theoretical and conceptual approaches, and research themes that illustrate different aspects of educational systems. Research gaps include the lack of a consolidated and integrated theoretical–conceptual framework on educational governance; the under-representation of specific actors, contexts, and points of view about how educational policies intentions are interpreted and enacted; insufficient critical analyses of, among others, educational leadership, digital transformation, and non-state actors’ influence in educational governance; and limited discussion of governance’s effects on educational justice, equity and quality. The main limitations relate to geographic, linguistic, and cultural biases of the analyzed studies, the exclusion of non-open-access articles, and the predominance of qualitative methodological approaches, which restrict generalizability. To address these challenges, future research should follow the adoption of interdisciplinary approaches, longitudinal and context-sensitive studies, and the use of mixed methodologies. These findings could contribute to a more informed discussion, avoiding reductionist interpretations and more open and critical perspectives on how educational governance transcends organizational and technical structures by incorporating political, ethical, and contextual dimensions that challenge the quality of educational systems. Full article

Middle leaders are acknowledged as important leaders within schools to support and improve teaching and learning. While middle leaders’ (MLs) knowledge and skills are foundational for contributing to school improvement, social emotional intelligence (SEI) has been identified as a crucial capability for developing and maintaining trusting relationships and collaborative teams, both of which are essential for leading school improvement, a central focus of ML work. To understand the empirical evidence base on MLs and SEI, a scoping literature review was conducted. Although empirical research was limited, SEI consistently emerged as a critical factor influencing a range of middle leadership (ML) outcomes. To extend the review findings, a problem-centered interview approach was undertaken with five MLs. The interviews sought to identify the SEI competencies perceived as supportive of ML practices and positive outcomes for both MLs and colleagues. Insights from the literature review and interviews converged to highlight empathy and emotional self-management as foundational SEI competencies. Both competencies were found to underpin several key leadership outcomes, including the regulation of emotions, both personal and interpersonal, for the development of collegial relationships, and the enhancement of ML wellbeing. Considering these findings, professional learning (PL) to foster ML SEI competencies is presented. Full article

This research examines the connection between leadership and sustainable development, emphasizing how community involvement moderates it. It seeks to analyze the impact of leadership styles on sustainable development practices in three distinct cultural and economic contexts: Pakistan, India, and Taiwan. The study participants include managers, entrepreneurs, and consultants. A quantitative research methodology, which included questionnaires and statistical analysis, was used to collect data from business professionals in these three nations. This study considers the viewpoints of both general business leaders and the insights provided by small and medium-sized enterprises, which play a crucial role in driving economic growth in these areas. For example, 99% of Pakistan’s enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to financial constraints, small and medium-sized enterprises face obstacles such as limited innovative capacity. Small and medium-sized enterprises are vital to economic growth in Taiwan and India as well. Small and medium-sized enterprises generate many jobs and contribute substantially to GDP. Effective leadership is critical for promoting sustainability goals, as the findings show that leadership benefits sustainable development projects (H1). Sustainable development outcomes are greatly improved when the community is actively involved (H2), further demonstrating the significance of community involvement as a key component of effective sustainability measures. Contrary to expectations (H3), community involvement did not moderate the relationship between leadership and sustainable development as hypothesized; rather, it appeared as an independent factor that positively influenced sustainability outcomes. The findings highlight the broad relevance of effective leadership practices in various socioeconomic contexts. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to promote sustainable growth by emphasizing the importance of effective leadership practices and active community engagement within small and medium-sized enterprises. Full article

Leadership is a key element in diverse working environments, contributing to the construction of more competitive and efficient institutions. Its impact transcends different sectors, including non-profit organizations, where it is essential to improve management and achieve institutional objectives. This research aimed to analyze whether leadership styles influence learning culture and dynamic capacity. An explanatory study was carried out involving 300 workers from nine Latin American countries who declared that they carried out work activities in a non-profit institution, aged between 19 and 68 years old (M = 34.10 and SD = 8.88). They were recruited through non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. The theoretical model was evaluated using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). A measurement model with adequate fit was obtained (α = between 0.909 and 0.955; CR = between 0.912 and 0.956; AVE = 0.650 and 0.923). Based on the results, it was observed that there was a positive impact of servant leadership on learning culture (β = 0.292), of empowering leadership on learning culture (β = 0.189), and of shared leadership on learning culture (β = 0.360). Likewise, there was a positive impact of culture of learning on dynamic capacity (β = 0.701). This research provides valuable insight for leaders in this sector who are seeking to achieve higher levels of learning culture and increase dynamic capability among their workers. Full article

This study explores how the leadership of Chilean state universities integrates sustainability into their strategic decision-making processes. Employing a qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews conducted across nine institutions, it analyzes the perspectives of rectors (equivalent to university presidents in Chilean higher education), vice-rectors, and members of university governing bodies. The findings reveal that although sustainability is present in institutional discourse, its actual implementation remains limited, fragmented, and subordinated to financial imperatives. Contextual constraints, adaptive rationalities, and limited stakeholder engagement shape strategic decisions. Furthermore, institutions often employ sustainability as a rhetorical or compliance-driven narrative rather than as a transformative governance principle. This study frames these findings through stakeholder theory, organizational sustainability, strategic rationality, and information governance. It concludes that embedding sustainability meaningfully in university governance requires institutional transformation—moving beyond symbolic commitments towards inclusive, evidence-driven, and participatory decision-making practices. Full article

While supply chain competition increasingly occurs at the network level, most research remains limited to dyadic or triadic relationships, failing to capture the full complexity of multi-tier supply networks. This research investigates the influence of four distinct types of network ties—contractual, transactional, professional, and personal—on supply chain performance, evaluated across five dimensions: cost, quality, delivery, flexibility, and innovation. The analysis draws on data gathered from 153 component-level supply networks, encompassing a total of 1852 entities within South Korea’s automotive and electronics manufacturing sectors. We employed social network analysis with a directed-valued network approach to capture asymmetric relationships. Results reveal that network architecture affects performance dimensions differently: centralized professional knowledge sharing enhances delivery performance, while concentrated personal ties prove detrimental; for innovation, dense network connections and dominant transactional hubs unexpectedly hinder performance by fostering conformity; cost performance shows mixed effects, with transactional centralization impeding efficiency while professional and personal leadership facilitates cost reduction. The influence of the original equipment manufacturer on supplier selection moderates these relationships, particularly mitigating negative impacts of personal tie centralization. These findings challenge conventional assumptions about network density benefits and demonstrate that supply network competence—the ability to configure and leverage network architecture—requires careful consideration of multiple tie types and their distinct effects on different performance outcomes. Full article

Based on self-determination theory and the “environment–cognition–behavior” analysis framework, harmonious work passion is introduced into the research system to systematically explore the mechanism and internal path of inclusive leadership on employees’ creative territory behavior. Combined with work autonomy and status competition motivation, a three-way interaction model is constructed to reveal the boundary conditions under which inclusive leadership affects employees’ creative territory behavior. Through situational experiments (Study 1) and multi-time questionnaire surveys (Study 2), the results showed that harmonious work passion mediates the negative impact of inclusive leadership and creative territory behavior; when work autonomy is strong and employees’ status-competitive motivation is high, inclusive leadership has the most significant effect on creative territory behavior through harmonious work passion. The interaction among inclusive leadership, work autonomy, and status-competitive motivation is significant. The purpose of this study is to provide practical guidance for managers to reduce employees’ negative behaviors by optimizing the work environment and incentive strategies. Full article

Background: Multiple studies demonstrated that nutritional risk and malnutrition were associated with prolonged hospitalization, extended rehabilitation duration, and increased mortality among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, current research on dietary behaviors and nutritional status in hospitalized CVD patients remains insufficient. Objective: This study systematically evaluated the concordance between cardiology inpatients’ and clinicians’ subjective nutritional status assessments and objective energy and protein intake achievement rates, while comprehensively investigating the multidimensional associations among Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), blood parameters, and dietary intake. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design to investigate hospitalized patients in the department of cardiology. Dietary knowledge and behavior data were collected through questionnaires, and actual dietary intake was recorded. Nutritional risk assessment and malnutrition diagnosis were performed for all inpatients. Differences between subjective evaluations and actual intake were compared, and the correlation between blood biochemical indicators and nutritional status was analyzed. Results: The study enrolled 618 valid cases, with male and female patients accounting for 67.48% and 32.52%, respectively. The patients’ age was 61.89 ± 12.88 years. The NRS 2002 score was 3.01 ± 0.94, with 132 inpatients diagnosed with malnutrition according to GLIM criteria. Energy and protein intake reached only 63.09 ± 18.23% and 74.98 ± 22.86% of target values, respectively. NRS 2002 showed significant correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), etc. No significant difference was found between physician and inpatient evaluations (χ² = 1.465, p < 0.05). Both ordinal and multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant discrepancies between subjective assessments (inpatient perceptions and physician evaluations) and objective energy and protein intake levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Hospitalized cardiovascular patients commonly exhibited insufficient nutritional intake and limited dietary awareness. A mismatch existed between patient/clinician perceptions and objectively assessed nutritional intake. Subjective evaluations could not accurately reflect actual nutritional status, necessitating enhanced nutritional monitoring—including nutritional risk screening, biochemical testing, and dietary surveys—along with personalized interventions. Future efforts should enhance collaboration between clinicians and dietitians to improve patients’ nutritional status and clinical prognosis. Full article

Background: While Asian American individuals are well represented in medical schools in the United States, their advancement to senior positions within the field of orthopaedic surgery is disproportionately low. This underrepresentation not only limits diversity in leadership but also constrains the development of people-centred systems that reflect the needs of an increasingly diverse patient population. Objectives: This study systematically examines Asian American representation across the orthopaedic surgery professional pipeline, focusing on disparities between training-level representation and advancement into both faculty and leadership positions., and framing these gaps as a health equity concern. Methods: A comprehensive literature search for peer-reviewed original research articles was conducted via PubMed, EBSCO Open Research, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The potential articles were screened against prespecified eligibility criteria, and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data were then systematically extracted and analysed. Results: This analysis included 20 research articles investigating Asian American representation in orthopaedic surgery. The results demonstrated an underrepresentation of Asian Americans in orthopaedic leadership positions despite improvements in training programme representation with subspecialty clustering in adult reconstruction and spine. Asian American surgeons were less likely to occupy academic and leadership roles than their non-Asian American peers. Across studies, underrepresentation was consistently observed, with effect size estimates indicating a substantial disparity (e.g., pooled risk difference = 0.19; 95% CI [0.12, 0.28]) in those studies reporting comparative outcomes. Similarly, while Asian Americans in residency programmes increased, this growth did not translate proportionally to faculty advancement. In contrast, Asian women face compounded barriers, particularly in subspecialties like spine surgery. These inequities undermine workforce inclusivity and may reduce cultural and linguistic concordance with patients. Conclusions: Despite having strong representation in orthopaedic training programmes, Asian Americans are disproportionately absent from leadership positions. This poses a challenge to equity in surgical education and patient-centred care. To promote equity in leadership, focused mentorship, clear promotion processes, and institutional reform are necessary to address structural barriers to career advancement, this will reflect the diversity of both the workforce and populations served. Full article

Prior studies have generally confirmed that Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices have a positive impact on perceived value and sustainability performance. However, empirical research examining the mediating role of employee-perceived value in the relationship between ESG and sustainability performance from the perspective of internal stakeholders remains limited. To address this gap, this study aims to understand the relationship among ESG, employee-perceived value, and sustainable management in green hotels in southern Taiwan. Using a convenience sampling method, 277 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that ESG practices have significant positive effects on both employee-perceived value and sustainability performance, with perceived value partially mediating the relationship between the two, highlighting the critical role employees play in promoting sustainable management. Based on the empirical findings, it is recommended that companies strengthen internal ESG communication and education to ensure that employees understand ESG goals and outcomes and integrate them into daily work. Employee-centered participation programs, such as green innovation contests and community carbon reduction activities, should be designed to enhance emotional value and organizational identification. Companies should internalize ESG principles into corporate culture and management processes, reinforcing sustainable behaviors through performance appraisals, leadership modeling, and continuous dialogue. Finally, ESG should be positioned as a core strategy aligned with long-term corporate objectives, enhancing employee commitment and creating competitive advantages that attract support from customers and stakeholders. Full article

Although the detrimental effects of exploitative leadership have been widely revealed, scholarly understanding of its formation mechanisms remains insufficient. Addressing this gap, the present study draws upon trait activation theory to investigate the antecedents and formation mechanisms of exploitative leadership through the dual lenses of personality traits and organizational contexts. Through an empirical examination of questionnaire data from 422 leader–subordinate dyads in Chinese organizations, the results of this study reveal that: three leader personality traits—self-interest, other-oriented perfectionism, and high power distance orientation—significantly and positively predict exploitative leadership behaviors; three organizational contexts—task challenge, flexible status conferral, and leader–subordinate goal misalignment—likewise serve as positive predictors of exploitative leadership behaviors; through trait activation effects, flexible status conferral significantly strengthens the positive relationships between all three personality traits and exploitative leadership, while task challenge and goal misalignment specifically amplify the positive relationships of exploitative leadership with high power distance orientation and self-interested personality, respectively. The research findings are of great value for improving the theoretical framework of exploitative leadership and guiding management practice. Full article

Background: The U.S. Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) offers a structured opportunity for cognitive screening and personalized prevention planning among older adults. Yet, implementation of AWVs, particularly for individuals with cognitive impairment, remains inconsistent across primary care or other diverse care settings. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to explore multilevel factors influencing the implementation of the Medicare AWV’s cognitive screening component, with a focus on how these processes support the detection and management of cognitive impairment among older adults. We searched four databases and screened peer-reviewed studies published between 2011 and March 2025. Searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL databases. The initial search was completed on 3 January 2024 and updated monthly through 30 March 2025. All retrieved citations were imported into EndNote 21, where duplicates were removed. We screened titles and abstracts for relevance using the predefined inclusion criteria. Full-text articles were then reviewed and scored as either relevant (1) or not relevant (0). Discrepancies were resolved through consensus discussions. To assess the methodological quality of the included studies, we used the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools appropriate to each study design. These tools evaluate rigor, trustworthiness, relevance, and risk of bias. We extracted the following data from each included study: Author(s), year, title, and journal; Study type and design; Data collection methods and setting; Sample size and population characteristics; Outcome measures; Intervention details (AWV delivery context); and Reported facilitators, barriers, and outcomes related to AWV implementation. The first two authors independently coded and synthesized all relevant data using a table created in Microsoft Excel. The CFIR guided our data analysis, thematizing our findings into facilitators and barriers across its five domains, viz: (1) Intervention Characteristics, (2) Outer Setting, (3) Inner Setting, (4) Characteristics of Individuals, and (5) Implementation Process. Results: Among 19 included studies, most used quantitative designs and secondary data. Our CFIR-based synthesis revealed that AWV implementation is shaped by interdependent factors across five domains. Key facilitators included AWV adaptability, Electronic Health Record (EHR) integration, team-based workflows, policy alignment (e.g., Accountable Care Organization participation), and provider confidence. Barriers included vague Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) guidance, limited reimbursement, staffing shortages, workflow misalignment, and provider discomfort with cognitive screening. Implementation strategies were often poorly defined or inconsistently applied. Conclusions: Effective AWV delivery for older adults with cognitive impairment requires more than sound policy and intervention design; it demands organizational readiness, structured implementation, and engaged providers. Tailored training, leadership support, and integrated infrastructure are essential. These insights are relevant not only for U.S. Medicare but also for global efforts to integrate dementia-sensitive care into primary health systems. Our study has a few limitations that should be acknowledged. First, our scoping review synthesized findings predominantly from quantitative studies, with only two mixed-method studies and no studies using strictly qualitative methodologies. Second, few studies disaggregated findings by race, ethnicity, or geography, reducing our ability to assess equity-related outcomes. Moreover, few studies provided sufficient detail on the specific cognitive screening instruments used or on the scope and delivery of educational materials for patients and caregivers, limiting generalizability and implementation insights. Third, grey literature and non-peer-reviewed sources were not included. Fourth, although CFIR provided a comprehensive analytic structure, some studies did not explicitly fit in with our implementation frameworks, which required subjective mapping of findings to CFIR domains and may have introduced classification bias. Additionally, although our review did not quantitatively stratify findings by year, we observed that studies from more recent years were more likely to emphasize implementation facilitators (e.g., use of templates, workflow integration), whereas earlier studies often highlighted systemic barriers such as time constraints and provider unfamiliarity with AWV components. Finally, while our review focused specifically on AWV implementation in the United States, we recognize the value of comparative analysis with international contexts. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (Grant No. 1R01AG083102-01; PIs: Tzeng, Kuo, & Raji). Full article

This article explores the papacy as a multifaceted form of cultural heritage, emphasizing the pope not only as a religious leader but also as a living symbol and institutional embodiment of Catholic heritage. Positioned at the intersection of theology, history, and heritage science, the study seeks to bridge the gap between spiritual authority and cultural memory by introducing a novel interpretive category: the pope as a living component of intangible religious heritage. The research combines a comprehensive literature review with an analysis of papal documentation, especially papal constitutions. Special attention is given to public engagement with the papacy, as reflected in internet search trends during significant ecclesiastical events such as papal deaths and conclaves. The results indicate that the pope functions as a living link in the continuity of Catholic identity, with digital indicators revealing peaks of global interest aligned with pivotal moments in Church leadership. The study also defines the roles and functions of the pope as a narrative bearer, initiator, and symbolic custodian of papal cultural heritage. Overall, the findings reinforce the papacy’s dual role as both a theological and sociocultural institution, offering new perspectives for understanding religious leadership as a medium of cultural transmission and public relevance in a digitized world. Full article

Sustainable community development presents complex challenges, often leading to failed initiatives. This paper addresses the need for a conceptual framework to analyze, understand, and support communities striving for sustainability. It questions how diverse community stories can be synthesized to clarify core issues and subtleties, enabling communities to navigate towards a sustainable future. The research adopts a design perspective, drawing parallels between engineering design processes and community development. The methodology involves applying the Problem-Social-Institutional (PSI) framework, initially developed for engineering design, to analyze published case studies of sustainable and ecological community projects in Israel. The PSI matrix, a tool within the framework, models initiatives across three layers (vision, reflection/implementation, daily life) and three spaces (Problem-‘What’, Social-‘Who’, Institutional-‘How’). By analyzing multiple case studies using the PSI matrix, the research identifies key factors that contribute to both the success and failure of these initiatives. Results indicate that sustainable communities require dynamic alignment across all matrix cells, a shared and adaptable vision achieved through dialogue, an active ‘reflection/implementation’ layer for monitoring and alignment, community-defined daily operations, and the nurturing of citizen skills and leadership for participation and dialogue. The framework effectively highlights misalignments—such as conflicting visions or the absence of a reflection layer—as early indicators of potential failure. The paper concludes that the PSI framework provides a valuable, albeit simplified, tool for communities to diagnose challenges, facilitate dialogue, and guide actions toward sustainability, acknowledging the complexity of social systems and the need for continuous adaptation and learning. Full article