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Review

1,125 Views

44 Pages

Congenital Scoliosis: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Management, and Surgical Decision-Making in Pediatric Spinal Deformity—An Expanded Narrative Review

Paweł Grabala

J. Clin. Med.2025, 14(22), 8085;https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228085

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14 November 2025

Congenital scoliosis is a complex spinal deformity caused by abnormal vertebral development during embryogenesis, occurring in roughly 0.5–1.0 per 1000 live births. It encompasses a wide spectrum of anomalies that arise from failures in vertebr...

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Technical Note

4 Citations

1,962 Views

12 Pages

Minimally Invasive Controlled Growing Rods for the Surgical Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis—A Surgical Technique Video

Pawel Grabala

J. Pers. Med.2024, 14(6), 548;https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060548

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21 May 2024

Background: Spinal deformities in children and adolescents can be easily divided into those occurring and diagnosed before the age of 10—early-onset scoliosis—and those occurring and diagnosed after the age of 10—late-onset scoliosi...

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