Search Results (5,546)

The built environment constitutes a significant factor influencing the physical and mental health of the elderly and has garnered sustained interdisciplinary attention in recent years. Based on 425 publications from the Web of Science database spanning 2001 to 2025, this study employed Citespace to conduct a quantitative analysis and synthesis of the relevant literature, aiming to explore the evolutionary trends, hotspot distributions, and pathways of influence regarding the impact of the built environment on elderly health. The results indicate a close positive correlation between the population ageing trend and annual publication growth. The total publication volume exhibited a shift from gradual to rapid growth, demonstrating a distinct phased evolutionary pattern. The research hotspots displayed a gradient structure of descending research intensity: “physical activity—quality of life—mental health.” The impact of the built environment (e.g., green space, street quality) on elderly health can be primarily categorised into three pathways: direct effects, physical activity, and mental health. Macro-level allocation of elderly care facilities and micro-level construction of age-friendly living circles represent the principal optimisation strategies currently employed to address elderly health needs. Finally, potential future research directions are discussed, encompassing aspects such as spatial scales, health representations, and mechanism expansion, with the aim of providing reference and insights for advancing the initiative of “healthy ageing.” Full article

Qinghai Province shoulders the heavy responsibility of serving as China’s ecological security barrier. In the process of implementing the “ecological priority” strategy, the green development of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province plays an especially important driving role. To systematically reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and core driving mechanism of Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) and provide a decision-making basis for the green transformation and high-quality development of regional animal husbandry, this paper, based on relevant data from 2010 to 2024 in Qinghai Province, constructs a measurement and influencing factor index system for the GTFP of grassland animal husbandry. Then, it conducts a systematic analysis of the temporal evolution and spatial differentiation characteristics of the GTFP of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province using methods such as trend surface analysis and standard deviation ellipse. Subsequently, the influencing factors are discussed through the geographic detector model. The research findings are as follows: (1) During the study period, the GTFP of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province shows an overall upward trend. Spatially, it presents a regional pattern of “strong in the north and stable in the south,” with the migration center moving towards the northeast and the distribution becoming more concentrated. (2) The level of fiscal support for agriculture, accessibility of transportation, the degree of environmental governance and the degree of digitalization play core driving roles in the process of GTFP climbing in grassland animal husbandry. (3) Interaction analysis shows that the explanatory power of any two influencing factors in the study area is higher than that of a single factor, and the interaction between the level of fiscal support for agriculture and the degree of environmental governance is the most significant. Therefore, the key to improving the GTFP of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province lies in the coordinated allocation and linkage of financial support for agriculture and environmental governance. At the same time, this study can provide reference value for the green transformation and high-quality development of plateau grassland animal husbandry. Full article

As a rigorous and comprehensive foundation for electromagnetic information theory (EIT), we develop a general theory that elucidates the universal stochastic structure of radiated electromagnetic (EM) fields and induced currents in generic EM information transmission systems. The framework encompasses arbitrary random scatterers, input information fields, and EM mutual coupling. The system is modeled as a multiply connected, arbitrary Riemannian manifold within the language of differential geometry. Our approach exploits exact Green’s functions (GFs) on manifolds to construct a novel electromagnetic random field theory (EM-RFT). Interpreted as response functions localized on the surfaces of transceivers and scatterers, the GFs allow us to treat the internal physical details of the EM system as a black box, redirecting analytical attention toward external input–output relations in line with signal processing and communication theory. This integration of random fields (RFs), electromagnetics, and GFs yields a unified framework for deriving and characterizing the stochastic structure of arbitrary EM information transmission systems. We rigorously establish that EM random fields satisfying Maxwell’s equations can always be constructed using system GFs driven by external information fields. The theory further decouples stochastic input RFs from random fluctuations associated with the communication medium (e.g., scatterers), and introduces general correlation propagators valid for arbitrary EM links. Using the Karhunen–Loève expansion, all EM random fields are represented as sums of random variables, providing both a simulation framework for arbitrary EM RFs and a basis for evaluating mutual information between input and output spatial domains at arbitrary locations in the system. Full article

As the digital economy advances, information infrastructure has become a core engine for driving green economic transition and optimizing sustainable land systems. However, its heterogeneous governance effects on different types of pollutants and spatial spillover mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. This study draws on the theoretical framework of the dynamic game between scale and technique effects. It utilizes the PSTR model and the SDM to systematically investigate the nonlinear and spatial synergistic impacts of information infrastructure. The analysis covers aggregate information infrastructure and its structural subdivisions, including traditional and new information infrastructure. To ensure empirical rigor, this study introduces a Bartik instrumental variable constructed via the shift share approach and thoroughly eliminates endogeneity interference through the Control Function Approach and a core variable lagging strategy. The empirical research reveals three core findings. Firstly, after crossing the initial extensive scale effect dominated by physical construction, the profound technique effect dominates long-term environmental governance. Secondly, new-type information infrastructure demonstrates a superior capacity for long-term environmental governance and land use efficiency compared to traditional telecommunications. Finally, spatial spillover analysis indicates that although PM2.5 exhibits strong cross-regional physical contagion, the current environmental dividends of information infrastructure remain highly localized due to regional administrative data silos, lacking significant cross-regional synergistic spillover effects. This study provides a solid empirical basis for formulating differentiated digital spatial governance frameworks, breaking interprovincial data factor barriers, and preventing the physical expansion trap of traditional infrastructure. Full article

To address insufficient carbon integration, weakly verifiable quality constraints, and unstable Pareto-set generation in construction-stage green decision-making, this study develops a multi-objective optimization model for construction mode configuration and an engineering-oriented genetic algorithm (GA) framework for Pareto solution generation under hard feasibility constraints. In a construction organization scenario, duration, cost, and carbon emissions are formulated as parallel objectives, while a quality threshold, explicit process logic, and basic resource and workface-feasibility conditions are incorporated to ensure engineering implementability. Construction-stage carbon emissions are quantified using the emission factor method under an auditable activity-level accounting framework. The configured GA framework is compared with the conventional GA, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III through repeated-run statistics and multi-metric evaluation. On the main case, it achieves the highest mean hypervolume (0.723 ± 0.074, mean ± standard deviation), the lowest mean spacing (0.076 ± 0.207), and the smallest average convergence generation (18.49 ± 2.57). The Pareto results reveal a clear trade-off among duration, cost, and carbon emissions, in which high-load beam-and-slab formwork and concrete-related activities dominate cost and carbon variation, whereas schedule advantage mainly depends on stronger compression of critical-chain activities and inter-floor handover. Full article

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are one of the most abundant agro-industrial by-products worldwide, with 650 kg generated per ton of green coffee processed, corresponding to an estimated global production of 6.7 million tons in 2022/2023. Improper disposal of SCG raises environmental concerns, while their reuse offers opportunities for sustainable resource management and circular economy strategies. This review examines SCG valorization by addressing their chemical composition, functional properties, and key applications in sectors such as food, agriculture, environmental remediation, bioenergy, and selected industrial fields, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, construction materials, and functional devices. In this context, it discusses technological approaches, performance outcomes, and implementation considerations, emphasizing the multifunctional potential of SCGs as a renewable feedstock capable of reducing waste, improving resource efficiency, and generating economic value. By consolidating the current state of knowledge and exploring diverse valorization pathways, this work frames SCG utilization within a circular bioeconomy framework and highlights how innovative applications can transform this widely available waste into sustainable and economically valuable products. Full article

The protozoan parasite Leishmania mexicana serves as a widely used model for studying trypanosomatid biology, yet the demand for stable, high-intensity fluorescent tools for precise subcellular protein localization remains unmet. In this study, we developed a versatile molecular toolbox by re-engineering the pLEXSY-hyg2.1 vector to express mNeonGreen (mNG), a next-generation fluorophore with superior brightness and photostability. Using a modular cloning strategy, we introduced a customized multiple cloning site (MCS) upstream of the mNG sequence to facilitate seamless N-terminal tagging of target proteins. The construct was integrated into the 18S rRNA locus via homologous recombination to ensure stable, constitutive expression. As a proof-of-concept, we fused a flagellar marker to the mNG reporter, resulting in a transgenic line exhibiting robust and specific subcellular fluorescence without compromising cellular fitness. Our results demonstrate that this integration-based system provides a highly efficient and stable platform for visualizing protein distribution within Leishmania. This tool significantly simplifies the generation of reporter strains and will facilitate high-resolution imaging studies of parasite organelle dynamics and functional genomics. Full article

During the critical period of agricultural green transformation, clarifying the evolutionary logic of farmers’ green production behavior under a multi-stakeholder framework provides significant insights for implementing “Dual Carbon” goals, establishing long-term mechanisms for high-quality agricultural development, and resolving deep-seated contradictions in agricultural non-point source pollution. Based on the social co-governance and public participation framework, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving government departments, farmer groups, and the general public, grounded in cost–benefit analysis, social governance friction, and evolutionary game theory. Through simulation, the study explores the equilibrium states and the specific impacts of varying parameter values on stable points. The findings reveal that: (1) The “interest price scissors” (benefit disparity) between green and conventional production is the key determinant of farmers’ strategic equilibrium. Once this structural contradiction is resolved, green production becomes the optimal strategy. (2) Farmers are highly sensitive to marginal cost–benefit fluctuations, leading to a sequential behavioral cascade: farmers retreat first, followed by the government, and finally the public. (3) Public participation cost is the pivotal variable for activating the co-governance mechanism, and the application of digital governance tools determines the time required to reach equilibrium. (4) A “Success Paradox” exists in government regulation; incentive mechanisms must be adjusted promptly after initial success. (5) Integrated policy combinations outperform single instruments; breaking the “locked-in” state requires a policy shock of sufficient intensity. This research offers a theoretical basis and policy enlightenment for optimizing the social co-governance landscape and promoting sustainable agricultural modernization. Full article

Against the backdrop of accelerating low-carbon transformation in the global energy system and decarbonization in the transportation sector, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles has intensified grid load imbalances and highlighted challenges in integrating intermittent renewable energy generation. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology has emerged as a key solution to these challenges. This paper systematically traces the global evolution of V2G technology from conceptualization to large-scale deployment, focusing on localized practices in China’s scaled V2G applications. It dissects the logic behind policy evolution, identifies three distinct Chinese V2G models—centralized, distributed, and battery-swapping—and validates the practical outcomes of representative pilot projects. Research reveals three core constraints hindering China’s large-scale V2G adoption: the absence of battery capacity degradation management mechanisms, fragmented standardization systems, and rigid market mechanisms. Based on this, the paper proposes recommendations for scaling V2G in China across three dimensions: power battery second-life utilization, standardization system construction, and market mechanism optimization. Furthermore, aligning with the global demand for large-scale V2G implementation, this paper proactively proposes innovative market models. These include establishing a coordinated trading mechanism between green power and V2G, developing a digitally driven distributed trust and transaction system, and exploring financialization and risk hedging models for battery assets. These concepts provide theoretical foundations and decision-making references for achieving high-quality, large-scale V2G applications worldwide. Full article

Background/Objectives: Bone-targeted drug delivery systems hold great promise for treating skeletal diseases, yet the optimal strategy for functionalizing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with bone-homing ligands remains insufficiently explored. Herein, we compared two alendronate sodium (Alen) modification approaches (pre-conjugation and post-conjugation) for constructing bone-targeted LNPs capable of delivering mRNA to skeletal tissues. Methods: LNPs were fabricated via microfluidic mixing, and the 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol-alendronate conjugate (DSPE-PEG-Alen) required for the pre-conjugation method was synthesized. The bone-targeting ability of LNPs prepared by the two Alen modification strategies was evaluated using an in vitro hydroxyapatite (HAP) binding assay. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties, bone-targeting performance, mRNA delivery efficiency, and biosafety of the LNPs prepared by the post-conjugation method were assessed through cellular uptake, in vivo imaging, and other methods. Results: Hydroxyapatite binding assays revealed that the post-conjugation strategy afforded significantly superior bone affinity compared to the pre-conjugation approach. In addition, ex vivo bone fragment binding experiments further confirmed that the bone-targeting LNPs prepared by the post-conjugation method exhibited stronger bone-binding capability compared to unmodified LNPs. The optimized Alen-LNPs demonstrated efficient cellular uptake and functional mRNA translation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with negligible cytotoxicity. In vivo studies in mice confirmed the preferential accumulation of Alen-LNPs in bone tissues, with successful green fluorescent protein (GFP) mRNA translation detected in bone tissue sections. Histopathological analysis confirmed the biosafety of the formulation. Conclusions: This study establishes the post-conjugation strategy as the superior approach for Alen functionalization of LNPs, providing a robust and reproducible platform for bone-targeted mRNA therapeutics. Full article

High-sensitivity rapid detection of ammonia (NH₃) in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, early diagnosis, and other fields is of great significance. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great potential in the field of gas sensing due to their designable porous structure and active sites. However, the traditional solvothermal synthesis method of COFs has problems such as cumbersome steps, high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to invent a new method for COF synthesis that is green and efficient and makes it easy to conduct flexible ammonia gas sensing. This study first reported a solvent-free synthesis of imine connection 1,3,5-Triformylbenzene (TFB) and p-Phenylenediamine (PDA)—a new strategy for COF. This method innovatively employs zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate (Zn(OTf)₂) as a bifunctional catalyst. This catalyst not only efficiently catalyzes para-phenylenediamine, but its zinc ions also play a unique structural guiding role, guiding the reactants to be arranged in a directional manner, thereby constructing a highly ordered porous crystal structure. A series of characterizations confirmed that the obtained TFB-PDA-COF had good crystallinity and a high proportion of imine bonds (C=N). The powder material was coated onto a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate, successfully constructing a resistive ammonia gas sensor that operates at room temperature. The test results show that this sensor has a high response value, rapid response/recovery capability, and good selectivity for ammonia gas. More importantly, based on a flexible PI substrate, the device can maintain stable sensing performance even under repeated bending conditions, demonstrating its great potential in practical flexible electronic applications. This work not only provides a brand-new “zinc ion-guided” paradigm for the green and controllable synthesis of COF but also lays a material foundation for their application in the next-generation flexible sensing field. Full article

Under the “dual carbon” strategic framework, the low-carbon transition of the logistics sector—a major source of carbon emissions in the national economy—has become imperative for achieving green development. The adoption of new-energy vehicles (NEVs) represents a critical pathway for decarbonizing logistics operations. Initiated in 2009, China’s “Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicles” Demonstration Project served as a pioneering policy to accelerate NEV deployment, offering a valuable use case for reducing emissions in urban logistics. Using this initiative as a quasi-natural experiment, we employ a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) approach and panel data from 275 Chinese prefecture-level cities (2000–2021) to evaluate the causal effect of the policy on urban logistics CO₂ emissions. The robustness of the findings is confirmed through parallel trend tests, placebo tests with reassigned treatment timing, alternative dependent variable construction, and instrumental variable estimation. Mechanism and heterogeneity analyses are further conducted to uncover underlying channels and contextual variations. The results indicate a statistically significant reduction in logistics carbon emissions in pilot cities, which remains consistent across multiple robustness checks. Mediation analysis reveals that the policy effect is partially transmitted through increased NEV stock. Moreover, the emission reduction effect is more pronounced in cities with lower logistics dependency and non-consumer-oriented economic structures, while it is weaker in consumer and highly logistics-dependent cities. These findings confirm the sustainable contribution of early NEV policies through advancing the transition to low-carbon logistics and supporting dual carbon goals, fill the empirical gap in developing countries’ freight decarbonization, and offer actionable insights for targeted regional sustainable logistics strategies. Full article

Background: Esophagectomy remains the definitive curative treatment for esophageal cancer but is historically burdened by significant procedure-related morbidity. Anastomotic leakage (AL) is still the “Achilles’ heel” of esophageal surgery, serving as a primary benchmark for surgical quality due to its profound impact on patient recovery, healthcare costs, and long-term oncological outcomes. While surgical expertise and perioperative care have matured, reported AL rates remain persistently high. This necessitates a shift in focus from purely technical modifications toward integrated, data-driven preventive strategies. Purpose: Five years after our initial review, this update synthesizes the rapid evolution in AL prevention. We evaluate the transition from empirical surgical pragmatism to evidence-based protocols, integrating recent breakthroughs in real-time perfusion monitoring, prophylactic endoluminal technologies, and multidisciplinary patient optimization. This work provides a contemporary “roadmap” for navigating the complexities of esophageal reconstruction. Conclusions: The prevention of AL has evolved into a multimodal “bundle” that begins well before the index operation. This review highlights the critical shift toward quantitative perfusion assessment via indocyanine green fluorescence angiography, which is increasingly replacing subjective visual inspection as the standard for anastomotic site selection. We discuss the emerging role of gastric ischemic preconditioning as a biological strategy to enhance conduit vascularity, alongside the paradigm of proactive management using preemptive endoluminal vacuum therapy to mitigate septic sequelae in high-risk cases. Furthermore, we examine technical refinements in conduit construction and conditioning—focusing on the ‘tension-perfusion’ relationship—and the essential role of structured prehabilitation within enhanced recovery after surgery frameworks. While the quality of evidence remains heterogeneous, the move toward standardized reporting and objective monitoring marks a new era of precision in esophageal surgery. Full article

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a versatile class of hybrid crystalline materials that have emerged as promising candidates for a broad range of applications. γ-cyclodextrin MOFs (γ-CD-MOFs) represent an innovative subgroup of MOFs constructed from “edible” γ-CD ligands coordinated with biocompatible metal ions to form an extended porous structure. Owing to their unique characteristics such as their “green” origin, biodegradability, and biocompatibility they became a promising platform for drug delivery applications. Structurally, γ-CD-MOF possess a body-centered cubic structure with dual-mode porosity, enabling the simultaneous encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Such structural features contribute to high loading capacity, tunable release behavior, and enhanced stability of incorporated drugs. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the structural features of γ-CD-MOF, synthesis strategies, crystals size and morphology control, activation and drying techniques, and drug encapsulation approaches. We further address computational and simulation approaches used to predict and optimize drug-framework interactions, as well as post- synthetic modifications aimed at enhancing stability and functionality. The diverse pharmaceutical applications of γ-CD-MOFs are examined, including the delivery of small molecules, macromolecules, multi-drug systems, and emerging pulmonary formulations. Additionally, we examine biocompatibility and safety considerations and current limitations related to aqueous stability, industrial-scale production, and reproducibility. Finally, this review highlights recent progress and underlines future perspectives, emphasizing innovations such as fast drug-loaded MOF formation via spray-drying, co-delivery strategies, and vaccine-oriented formulations. Together, these insights highlight the potential of γ-CD-MOFs to shape the next generation of multifunctional drug delivery systems across interdisciplinary fields. Full article

Carbon emission regulations and customers’ green preferences require ports and shipping companies to develop green services, but green investments entail significant costs. Vertical alliance cooperation between ports and shipping companies through sharing costs can address this issue. Most studies use non-cooperative game to analyze the competitive relationship between ports and shipping companies. Although such research can capture price competition, they struggle to address the distribution of cooperative benefits within an alliance. They also fail to simultaneously reflect the coexistence of competition and cooperation. So, we constructed a non-cooperative–cooperative biform game to analyze green investment under vertical alliance. In the non-cooperative stage, the model captures vertical price competition between ports and shipping companies, as well as horizontal competition among supply chains. In the cooperative stage, the Shapley value is used to allocate the coalition profits from green investment cooperation. The results indicate that alliance cooperation can promote the green development of shipping. Moderate green competition can promote the green development of shipping. Route substitution competition will increase service prices and green investment level and reduce the cost-sharing ratio for shipping companies. Port congestion prompts ports to increase green investment level. These findings offer references for the green collaborative development of ports and shipping companies across different countries, thereby enriching the research framework for global sustainable development in shipping. Full article