Search Results (105)

Background/Objectives. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) capture patients’ perspectives about their health status, quality of life, and medical care outcomes. LIMB-Q Kids is a validated PROM designed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children with lower limb differences. It evaluates physical, social, and psychological function; symptoms related to the leg, hip, knee, foot and ankle; leg-related distress, appearance, and school-related concerns. It has now been translated and culturally adapted from English to other languages. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt LIMB-Q Kids to Hebrew. Methods. Following international guidelines, two independent forward translations from English to Hebrew were produced and reconciled into a single version. A backward translation was then compared with the original to identify discrepancies. This draft underwent cognitive debriefing interviews (CDIs) with 11 children (ages 8–15) having lower limb differences to assess comprehension and cultural relevance. Results. CDIs revealed general issues including lengthy or unclear text, high-level language, cultural unfamiliarity and duplication of descriptors. Specific to Hebrew, issues included gender inflections and the need for vowel diacritics to support younger, less proficient readers. Revisions to 14 items were made. Conclusions. A translation and cultural adaption (TCA) process led to a linguistically validated and culturally adapted Hebrew version of LIMB-Q Kids. It can now be used for the clinical follow-up of children with lower limb differences including pre- and post-operatively, and as an aid to decision-making for surgery. Full article

Background/Objectives: Physical literacy is a holistic concept promoting lifelong health by considering an individual’s lived experience within their cultural context. This necessitates context-specific conceptualizations and pedagogies, highlighting the need for valid assessment tools for physical and sport educators. The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL-2) is a well-known validated tool. This study aimed to validate the Italian translation and cultural adaptation of the CAPL-2 questionnaire for children aged 8–12. Methods: The CAPL-2 questionnaire was translated using a forward–backward procedure by bilingual experts. Subsequently, 111 Italian children (57 females, mean BMI 17.9 kg/m²) completed the adapted CAPL-2 questionnaire twice over 10 days under supervision. The internal consistency of CAPL-2 was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. ROC curve analysis and AUC evaluated the CAPL-2’s ability to predict adherence to WHO physical activity guidelines based on self-reported activity. Results: Results showed high internal consistency for the motivation and confidence domain (Cronbach’s α: 0.88–0.97) but lower consistency for the knowledge and understanding domain (Cronbach’s α: 0.20–0.34). Despite this, the CAPL-2 questionnaire demonstrated high predictive performance in identifying children active for at least 5 days (AUC: 0.95) or 6 days (AUC: 0.89). Conclusions: The Italian version of CAPL-2 is a reliable tool for assessing physical literacy in Italian children aged 8 to 12, addressing key aspects such as motivation, confidence, physical skills, understanding of physical activity, and daily habits. It offers a valuable and culturally adapted instrument for trainers, teachers and educators in physical activity and sport contexts. Full article

The Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-35) is a validated tool used to measure quality of life in the older people in many countries. The study describes the linguistic validation, cultural adaption, and pilot testing of the Albanian version of the OPQOL-35 (AL-OPQOL-35) in older adults, confirming its internal consistency and reliability. The process of linguistic validation, cross-cultural verification and adaptation of the AL-OPQOL-35 questionnaire went through four stages: forward translation, backward translation, patient testing, and proofreading. The AL-OPQOL-35 instrument obtained after forward–backward translation was tested on a sample of 40 elderly people with chronic diseases and multimorbidity. The sample consisted of 75% females and the age group 65–74 makes up the highest percentage with 72.5%. The sample consisted of 25% with one chronic disease, while 75% had two or more chronic diseases. After the evaluation by a panel of experts and pilot testing, the AL-OPQOL-35 was found to be clear and understandable for older adults with chronic conditions and multimorbidity, showing good reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha α = 0.848. It is recommended to use the AL-OPQOL-35 instrument in a larger population and evaluate its psychometric properties. Full article

Background: Effective doctor–patient communication is essential for high-quality care, especially for patients with chronic conditions requiring hemodialysis. However, there is a lack of validated tools in the Malay language to measure this communication. This study aimed to translate and validate the Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire (DPCQ) into Malay (MyD-PCQ) for use among patients receiving hemodialysis in Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 patients receiving hemodialysis at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The original English DPCQ was translated and culturally adapted into Malay following international guidelines, including forward and backward translation, expert review, and cognitive debriefing. Data were collected using the Malay version of the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed the construct validity, while Raykov’s rho measured internal consistency. Results: The Malay version of the DPCQ demonstrated excellent model fit in CFA (χ²/df = 1.25, p = 0.053; SRMR = 0.037; RMSEA = 0.029; CFI = 0.982; and TLI = 0.979). Factor loadings ranged from 0.493 to 0.640. The internal consistency was high, with Raykov’s rho of 0.887. The average total score among participants was 37.31 out of 60, indicating moderate perceived communication quality. Conclusions: The Malay Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire (MyD-PCQ) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing communication between doctors and patients receiving hemodialysis in Malaysia. Its use can help identify communication gaps, support training initiatives, and improve patient-centered care in clinical practice. Future research should evaluate its use in other settings and patient populations. Full article

Background: The Mediterranean diet is widely recognised for its health benefits and remains a key reference point in shaping dietary guidelines across populations. Despite its growing international relevance, there is a lack of validated tools assessing Mediterranean diet adherence among children and adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe. Methods: The present study aimed to adapt and validate the KIDMED 2.0 questionnaire for use in Polish children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years (KIDMED 2.0 PL). The adaptation process involved forward–backward translation, expert consultations, and pilot testing to ensure linguistic and cultural relevance. A total of 102 participants completed the questionnaire twice over a two-week interval, and anthropometric data were collected. Results: The KIDMED 2.0 PL demonstrated high test–retest reliability (Spearman’s ρ = 0.876; p < 0.001) and strong criterion validity, with a significant negative correlation between KIDMED scores and BMI centile (ρ = −0.854; p < 0.001). Children with normal weight showed the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while scores were significantly lower in overweight and obese participants. Item-level analysis indicated that fruit and vegetable consumption was relatively frequent, whereas intake of legumes, whole grains, and extra virgin olive oil remained low. Conclusions: The KIDMED 2.0 PL is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating diet quality and Mediterranean dietary adherence in the Polish pediatric population. Full article

The internet is now the primary mode of information exchange worldwide. Online health information-seeking behavior (e-HISB) has become a prevalent practice, especially among parents concerned with their children’s health, creating both opportunities and risks. Objective: The present study aims to translate and culturally adapt the CHIRPI questionnaire into Greek and conduct a comprehensive psychometric validation, including analyses of internal consistency, test–retest reliability (temporal stability), and inter-rater reliability. The adapted tool is further pilot-tested for its utility in measuring parental internet use concerning child health information. Methods: The translation, validation, and pilot study of the questionnaire were conducted in accordance with internationally recommended procedures. CHIRPI was translated into Greek using forward–backward translation and was culturally adapted. A pilot sample of 105 parents (children aged 0–10) participated. The majority of participants were mothers (66.7%), aged 31–40 years, residing in urban areas, and they held tertiary or postgraduate degrees. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach’s alpha, test–retest reliability with the ICC, and inter-rater reliability with the kappa coefficient. Item responses were also analyzed in relation to demographic factors. Results: The CHIRPI Greek version demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.91; all subscales had α values greater than 0.70). Test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.632–1.000) and inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.615–1.000) indicated moderate to excellent agreement. The scale showed satisfactory psychometric properties, supporting its use in Greek populations. Higher education was linked to more frequent health-related internet searches and increased distress (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The CHIRPI Greek version is a valid and reliable tool for assessing parental online health information-seeking behavior related to children’s health among Greek-speaking populations. As the first standardized tool in Greek, it fills a critical methodological gap in eHealth research. Full article

Objective: Hearing rehabilitation using hearing aids keeps increasing in the general population. Patient-related outcome measures are essential to evaluate benefits. Although the IOI-HA is routinely used in France, its translated version from 2002 has never been validated. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the IOI-HA questionnaire. Design: Controlled, prospective, monocentric study performed between February 2024 and January 2025. The forward–backward technique was used for translation of the questionnaire. Study Sample: 100 patients fitted with hearing aids completed the questionnaire. Thirty-five patients were retested 15 days after first completion. Results: Internal consistency, assessed by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.863. Mean IOI-HA item scores ranged from 3.3 to 4.57. All seven items had a high degree of consistency with the total score, except for item Q1 which had a moderate score (0.45). Cronbach’s alpha after item deletion confirmed internal consistency. Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.622 (Q7) to 0.767 (Q5) and were all statistically significant (p < 0.001), revealing high reliability over time. No significant correlation was found between item scores and age, unilateral or bilateral hearing aid use or accompanying symptoms (tinnitus, dizziness). Conclusions: The French translation of the IOI-HA questionnaire, published in 2002, is a valid and reliable questionnaire evaluating hearing aid satisfaction. This validated questionnaire can now be used in daily clinical practice. Full article

Background: Claustrophobia is defined as the fear of enclosed spaces, and it is a rather common specific phobia. Although the Claustrophobia Questionnaire (CLQ) is a valid questionnaire to measure claustrophobia, there have been no studies validating this tool in Greek. Thus, our aim was to translate and validate the CLQ in Greek. Methods: We applied the forward–backward translation method to translate the English CLQ into Greek. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the two-factor model of the CLQ. We examined the convergent and divergent validity of the Greek CLQ by using the Fear Survey Schedule-III (FSS-III-CL), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-NL-N), and the Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We examined the convergent validity of the Greek CLQ by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the CLQ scores and scores on FSS-III-CL, NEO-FFI-NL-N, STAI-S (state anxiety), and STAI-T (trait anxiety). We examined the divergent validity of the Greek CLQ using the Fisher r-to-z transformation. To further evaluate the discriminant validity of the CLQ, we calculated the average variance extracted (AVE) score and the Composite Reliability (CR) score. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha to assess the reliability of the Greek CLQ. Results: Our CFA confirmed the two-factor model of the CLQ since all the model fit indices were very good. Standardized regression weights between the 26 items of the CLQ and the two factors ranged from 0.559 to 0.854. The convergent validity of the Greek CLQ was very good since it correlated strongly with the FSS-III-CL and moderately with the NEO-FFI-NL-N and the STAI. Additionally, the Greek CLQ correlated more highly with the FSS-III-CL than with the NEO-FFI-NL-N and the STAI, indicating very good divergent validity. The AVE for the suffocation factor was 0.573, while for the restriction factor, it was 0.543, which are both higher than the acceptable value of 0.50. Moreover, the CR score for the suffocation factor was 0.949, while for the restriction factor, it was 0.954. The reliability of the Greek CLQ was excellent since the ICC in test–retest study was 0.986 and the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.956. Conclusions: The Greek version of the CLQ is a reliable and valid tool to measure levels of claustrophobia among individuals. Full article

Objectives: The objective of this manuscript is to translate, adapt, and validate an Arabic version of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey—Revised (DEPS-R) questionnaire to assess disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in adolescents with T1D in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the study sought to estimate the prevalence of DEBs and analyze its associations with glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Methods: A cross-cultural validation study was conducted following the COSMIN guidelines. The DEPS-R questionnaire was translated into Arabic through forward and backward translation involving expert panels, including psychiatrists, diabetologists, and linguists. A sample of 409 people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) (58.4% females) aged 12–20 years was recruited from outpatient diabetes clinics in the five main regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants completed the Arabic DEPS-R and the validated Arabic version of the SCOFF questionnaire. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected, and statistical analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency tests, were conducted. Results: The Arabic DEPS-R exhibits strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.829) and high test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.861), with a CFA supporting a three-factor structure, namely body weight perception, disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), and bulimic tendencies. Notably, higher DEPS-R scores are significantly linked to elevated HbA1c levels, increased BMI, and more frequent insulin use. Alarmingly, 52.8% of participants show high-risk DEB, which is directly associated with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8.1%) and a heightened risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Conclusions: The Arabic DEPS-R is a valid and reliable tool for screening DEBs among Saudi adolescents with T1D. Findings underscore the necessity for early identification and intervention to mitigate the impact of EDs on diabetes management and overall health outcomes. Full article

Background and Objectives: Evidence regarding how dispositional traits, antenatal anxiety, substance use, and obstetric events converge to shape post-partum depression (PPD) in South-East Europe is limited. We analysed 102 third-trimester women and followed them to six weeks post-partum, and 102 age-matched community controls were used to (i) compare baseline psychological profiles, (ii) chart antenatal-to-post-partum symptom trajectories, and (iii) build an integrated model of clinically relevant PPD (Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale, EPDS ≥ 12). Materials and Methods: All 96 raw variables were forward–backward translated from Romanian, reconciled, and harmonized. The principal instruments used were EPDS, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-Y), Revised Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-60), and the four-item Maternal Worry and Satisfaction Scale (MWSS). Results: Groups were age-matched (31.1 ± 5.4 vs. 30.3 ± 5.1 years, p = 0.268) but differed in urban residence (39% vs. 17%, p = 0.001) and current substance use (smoking 21% vs. 34%, p = 0.041; alcohol 6% vs. 22%, p = 0.002). Of five personality domains, only openness scored lower in peripartum women (26.1 ± 4.6 vs. 29.3 ± 5.2, p < 0.001). State anxiety rose significantly from pregnancy to puerperium (+5.1 ± 8.4 points, p < 0.001). Post-partum EPDS correlated most strongly with state anxiety (r = 0.62) and neuroticism (r = 0.50). A final model (pseudo-R² = 0.30) identified post-partum state anxiety (OR 1.10 per point, 95% CI 1.05–1.15, p < 0.001) as the independent predictor; neuroticism showed a trend (OR 1.08, p = 0.081). Obstetric factors (prematurity, birth weight, caesarean section) were not significant. Conclusions: In this Romanian cohort, heightened state anxiety—in synergy with high neuroticism and lower openness—dominated the risk landscape of early onset PPD, whereas delivery mode and neonatal status were neutral. Routine perinatal mental health screening should therefore incorporate anxiety metrics alongside depression scales and brief trait inventories to refine preventive targeting. Full article

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential for capturing the lived experiences of individuals managing chronic diseases. However, few PROMs have been culturally adapted and validated for Arabic-speaking populations. Aim: This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ) for use among Arabic-speaking adults living with chronic diseases in Jordan. Methods: Following forward–backward translation and an expert review, a cross-sectional survey of 1057 adults with chronic illnesses was conducted. The psychometric evaluation involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) and Rasch modelling. While the original LTCQ assumed a unidimensional structure, EFA and CFA supported a two-factor solution: Empowerment and Functional Wellbeing, and Health-Related Psychosocial Distress. Results: The Rasch analysis confirmed that the item response thresholds were ordered, with good item targeting, and no differential item functioning (DIF) by gender. The removal of one poorly performing item resulted in a refined 19-item scale with strong reliability and validity. Conclusions: The Arabic LTCQ demonstrated robust psychometric properties and cultural relevance, supporting its use in clinical care, research, and policy initiatives. Future work should examine longitudinal responsiveness and further validate the tool across diverse Arabic-speaking populations. Full article

Background/Objectives: The Visual Function and Corneal Health Status (V-FUCHS) questionnaire assesses vision-related quality of life in patients affected by Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) through 15 items, which are divided into the “visual acuity (VA) Factor” and “glare Factor” domains. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Italian version of the V-FUCHS instrument. Methods: The original V-FUCHS questionnaire was translated into Italian using certified forward and backward translation methods and administered to patients with FECD undergoing a unilateral or bilateral Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for FECD and healthy controls. Its test–retest reliability was assessed by administering the questionnaire twice, four weeks apart. Modified Krachmer grade, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were also measured. Results: A total of 74 participants, aged 45 to 83 years, were prospectively enrolled and divided into five subgroups: mild-to-moderate FECD (n = 18), advanced FECD (n = 15), unilateral DMEK (n = 9), bilateral DMEK (n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 20). Retest reliability confirmed the consistency and agreement of their responses (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.90 for both factors). The Italian V-FUCHS effectively discriminated between different stages of FECD severity, with significant differences in VA and glare factor scores across all subgroups (p < 0.001). While both BCVA and CCT showed correlations with V-FUCHS scores, only the association between the VA factor and BCVA was statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating that the VA factor meaningfully reflects patients’ measured VA. Conclusions: The proposed Italian version of the V-FUCHS questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing visual disability in patients with FECD before and after DMEK. This instrument may aid in optimizing endothelial keratoplasty timings and evaluating postoperative symptomatic improvements in FECD patients. Full article

Background and Objectives: The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing self-reported neck-related functional limitations. However, a validated Albanian version has not previously existed, limiting its application in Albanian-speaking populations. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Albanian version of the NDI (ANDI), focusing on its reliability and internal consistency. Materials and Methods: A standard forward–backward translation methodology was used to develop the Albanian version of the NDI, followed by cultural adaptation. A total of 83 participants with neck pain completed the ANDI at two time points, three days apart. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and the item–total correlation (ITC). Results: The ICC values for all 10 sections of the ANDI ranged from 0.95 to 0.99, indicating excellent test–retest reliability. The highest reliability was observed in (personal care) and (pain intensity) with ICCs of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. All sections demonstrated strong internal consistency, with ITC values ranging from 0.91 to 0.98 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96. Mean scores between test sessions showed negligible variation, further confirming score stability. Conclusions: The Albanian version of the NDI demonstrated excellent reliability and internal consistency, confirming its validity for use in clinical and research settings. This represents the first validated neck disability assessment tool for the Albanian-speaking population, supporting more inclusive musculoskeletal health assessment. Full article

Background/Objectives: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common neuropathy that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and incurs substantial healthcare costs. The 6-item Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Symptom Scale and the Palmar Pain Scale (PPS) are concise, reliable tools widely used to assess CTS symptom severity. Our study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Romanian version of the 6-item CTS Symptoms Scale in a sample of Romanian-speaking patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 118 wrists from 59 Romanian-speaking patients. Each participant completed the CTS-6 scale and nerve conduction studies were carried out on their wrists. The CTS-6 scale was translated into Romanian using a forward–backward translation process. The psychometric properties of the Romanian CTS-6 were assessed, including internal consistency and construct validity (criterion validity, convergent, and divergent validity). Results: The Romanian CTS-6 and PPS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93, respectively, 0.92, and strong item-total correlations). Factor analysis confirmed their unidimensional structure, with factor loadings ranging from 0.80 to 0.90. The CTS-6 scores showed moderate correlations with electrophysiological parameters, supporting criterion validity. Divergent validity was shown too. Conclusions: The Romanian version of the 6-item CTS Symptoms Scale and PPS is a valid tool for assessing CTS symptom severity in Romanian-speaking populations. Full article

Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among university students and can negatively impact both their physical and mental health. This study aimed to translate the smartphone application-based addiction scale (SABAS) into Spanish and evaluate its psychometric properties among Spanish university students. A total of 297 university students (222 women and 75 men) participated in this study (M age = 20.88, SD = 4.58) by completing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the smartphone addiction scale-short version, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21, the fear of missing out scale, and the SABAS. The SABAS was translated into Spanish using the forward-backward method. The factor structure was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, while reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients. The SABAS showed acceptable reliability (α = 0.72; ω = 0.73), and all of its items were kept. Factor analysis revealed that the Spanish version of the SABAS was unifactorial and demonstrated excellent validity (χ² = 10.285; p = 0.246; RMSEA = 0.034; CFI = 0.991; SRMR = 0.030). Significant associations were also observed between the SABAS score and the number of hours of smartphone use, fear of missing out, and psychological distress. Despite its brevity, the Spanish version of the SABAS provides good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used as a tool for screening smartphone addiction in Spanish university students. Full article