Next Article in Journal
Scoping Review of Letrozole in Assisted Reproductive Cycles: Efficacy and Outcomes Across Infertility Causes
Previous Article in Journal
The Relationship Between Spirituality, Stress, and Depression Among Health Professionals in Greece
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Healthcare
Volume 13
Issue 13
10.3390/healthcare13131485
healthcare-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Validation of the Arabic Version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ): A Study of Factor and Rasch Analyses

by
Walid Al-Qerem
1,
Salwa Abdo
1,
Anan Jarab
2,
Alaa Hammad
1,*,
Judith Eberhardt
3,
Fawaz Al-Asmari
4,
Lujain Al-Sa’di
1,
Razan Al-Shehadeh
1,
Dana Khasim
1,
Ruba Zumot
1,
Sarah Khalil
1,
Ghazal Aloshebe
1 and
Jude Aljazazi
1
1
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
2
College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
3
Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
4
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2025, 13(13), 1485; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13131485
Submission received: 27 May 2025 / Revised: 16 June 2025 / Accepted: 19 June 2025 / Published: 20 June 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential for capturing the lived experiences of individuals managing chronic diseases. However, few PROMs have been culturally adapted and validated for Arabic-speaking populations. Aim: This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ) for use among Arabic-speaking adults living with chronic diseases in Jordan. Methods: Following forward–backward translation and an expert review, a cross-sectional survey of 1057 adults with chronic illnesses was conducted. The psychometric evaluation involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) and Rasch modelling. While the original LTCQ assumed a unidimensional structure, EFA and CFA supported a two-factor solution: Empowerment and Functional Wellbeing, and Health-Related Psychosocial Distress. Results: The Rasch analysis confirmed that the item response thresholds were ordered, with good item targeting, and no differential item functioning (DIF) by gender. The removal of one poorly performing item resulted in a refined 19-item scale with strong reliability and validity. Conclusions: The Arabic LTCQ demonstrated robust psychometric properties and cultural relevance, supporting its use in clinical care, research, and policy initiatives. Future work should examine longitudinal responsiveness and further validate the tool across diverse Arabic-speaking populations.
Keywords: LTCQ; chronic conditions; EQ-5D; quality of life; PROMs LTCQ; chronic conditions; EQ-5D; quality of life; PROMs

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Qerem, W.; Abdo, S.; Jarab, A.; Hammad, A.; Eberhardt, J.; Al-Asmari, F.; Al-Sa’di, L.; Al-Shehadeh, R.; Khasim, D.; Zumot, R.; et al. Validation of the Arabic Version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ): A Study of Factor and Rasch Analyses. Healthcare 2025, 13, 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13131485

AMA Style

Al-Qerem W, Abdo S, Jarab A, Hammad A, Eberhardt J, Al-Asmari F, Al-Sa’di L, Al-Shehadeh R, Khasim D, Zumot R, et al. Validation of the Arabic Version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ): A Study of Factor and Rasch Analyses. Healthcare. 2025; 13(13):1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13131485

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Qerem, Walid, Salwa Abdo, Anan Jarab, Alaa Hammad, Judith Eberhardt, Fawaz Al-Asmari, Lujain Al-Sa’di, Razan Al-Shehadeh, Dana Khasim, Ruba Zumot, and et al. 2025. "Validation of the Arabic Version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ): A Study of Factor and Rasch Analyses" Healthcare 13, no. 13: 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13131485

APA Style

Al-Qerem, W., Abdo, S., Jarab, A., Hammad, A., Eberhardt, J., Al-Asmari, F., Al-Sa’di, L., Al-Shehadeh, R., Khasim, D., Zumot, R., Khalil, S., Aloshebe, G., & Aljazazi, J. (2025). Validation of the Arabic Version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ): A Study of Factor and Rasch Analyses. Healthcare, 13(13), 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13131485

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop