Translation and Validation of the Malay Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Kelantan, Malaysia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Participants and Sampling
2.3. Instrument Translation and Adaptation
2.4. The Translation Process Followed the Guidelines Proposed by Beaton et al. [36]
2.5. Data Collection Procedures
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Descriptive Statistics of Doctor–Patient Communication
3.3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results
3.4. Factor Loadings and Reliability
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MyD-PCQ | Malay version of the Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire |
CFA | Confirmatory factor analysis |
CFI | Comparative fit index |
TLI | Tucker–Lewis index |
AIC | Akaike information criterion |
BIC | Bayesian information criterion |
SRMR | Standardized root mean square residual |
RMSEA | Root mean square error of approximation |
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Variables | Frequency (n) | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 106 | 35.3% |
Female | 194 | 64.7% |
Age group | ||
18–27 Years Old | 50 | 16.7% |
28–37 Years Old | 38 | 12.7% |
38–47 Years Old | 40 | 13.3% |
48–57 Years Old | 70 | 23.3% |
Over 58 Years Old | 102 | 34.0% |
Ethnicity | ||
Malay | 142 | 47.3% |
Chinese | 72 | 24.0% |
Indian | 42 | 14.0% |
Others | 44 | 14.7% |
Marital Status | ||
Bachelor | 40 | 13.3% |
Married | 176 | 58.7% |
Widow/Widower | 84 | 28.0% |
Education Level | ||
O level | 108 | 36.0% |
A level | 80 | 26.7% |
Diploma | 48 | 16.0% |
Degree | 64 | 21.3% |
Type of Occupation | ||
Government | 26 | 8.7% |
Private | 60 | 20.0% |
Self-employed | 64 | 21.3% |
Housemaker | 68 | 22.7% |
Student | 16 | 5.3% |
Not Working | 66 | 22.0% |
Income level (MYR) | ||
1000–4360 | 180 | 60.0% |
4361–9620 | 90 | 30.0% |
9621 and above | 30 | 10.0% |
Do you agree with and support the treatment provided? | ||
No | 38 | 12.7% |
Yes | 262 | 87.3% |
Are you satisfied with the service provided by the doctor? | ||
No | 36 | 12.0% |
Yes | 264 | 88.0% |
Is your doctor easily reachable? | ||
No | 32 | 10.7% |
Yes | 268 | 89.3% |
Is your doctor ready to treat you? | ||
No | 28 | 9.3% |
Yes | 272 | 90.7% |
Statements | Mean (SD) | n (Percent (%)) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
Did the doctor listen to you carefully during the consultation? | 2.48 (0.53) | 2 (0.7) | 156 (52.0) | 138 (46.0) | 4 (1.3) |
Did the doctor allow you to talk without interrupting you? | 2.50 (0.55) | 3 (1.0) | 148 (49.3) | 144 (48.0) | 5 (1.7) |
Did the doctor encourage you to express yourself/talk? | 2.45 (0.56) | 5 (1.7) | 150 (53.3) | 130 (43.3) | 5 (1.7) |
Did the doctor examine you thoroughly? | 2.52 (0.56) | 4 (1.3) | 142 (47.3) | 147 (49.0) | 7 (2.3) |
Do you feel that the doctor understood you? | 2.47 (0.56) | 5 (1.7) | 152 (50.7) | 138 (46.0) | 5 (1.7) |
Was it easy to understand what the doctor said? | 2.45 (0.57) | 9 (3.0) | 151 (50.3) | 136 (45.3) | 4 (1.3) |
Do you feel you were given all the necessary information? | 2.49 (0.55) | 3 (1.0) | 150 (53.3) | 142 (47.3) | 5 (1.7) |
Did the doctor explain the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment or care strategy? | 2.49 (0.53) | 3 (1.0) | 149 (49.7) | 145 (48.3) | 3 (1.0) |
Did the doctor involve you in the decision-making? | 2.49 (0.55) | 6 (2.0) | 143 (47.7) | 148 (49.3) | 3 (1.0) |
In your opinion, did the doctor have a reassuring attitude and way of talking? | 2.50 (0.52) | 1 (0.3) | 149 (49.7) | 147 (49.0) | 3 (1.0) |
Do you think the doctor was in general respectful? | 2.48 (0.56) | 7 (2.3) | 145 (48.3) | 145 (48.3) | 3 (1.0) |
Did the doctor make sure that you understood his explanations and instructions? | 2.48 (0.55) | 6 (2.0) | 146 (48.7) | 145 (48.3) | 3 (1.0) |
Do you think the doctor told the whole truth? | 2.47 (0.53) | 2 (0.7) | 156 (52.0) | 139 (46.3) | 3 (1.0) |
Do you have confidence in this doctor? | 2.49 (0.53) | 1 (0.3) | 153 (51.0) | 142 (47.3) | 4 (1.3) |
Did the doctor reply to all your expectations and concerns? | 2.50 (0.53) | 4 (1.3) | 142 (47.3) | 152 (50.7) | 2 (0.7) |
Total score | 37.31 |
Model | (df) | /df | p | SRMR | RMSEA | 90% CI | CFI | TLI | AIC | BIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 112.663 (90) | 1.25 | 0.053 | 0.037 | 0.029 | 0.000, 0.045 | 0.982 | 0.979 | 6187.240 | 6298.354 |
MyPDRQ Items | Factor Loading | Raykov’s Rho |
---|---|---|
Q01 | 0.640 | 0.887 |
Q02 | 0.618 | |
Q03 | 0.619 | |
Q04 | 0.608 | |
Q05 | 0.573 | |
Q06 | 0.605 | |
Q07 | 0.574 | |
Q08 | 0.571 | |
Q09 | 0.580 | |
Q10 | 0.595 | |
Q11 | 0.493 | |
Q12 | 0.584 | |
Q13 | 0.534 | |
Q14 | 0.542 | |
Q15 | 0.574 |
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Ab Aziz, A.F.F.; Ibrahim, M.I.; Yaacob, N.M.; A Rahim, A.I. Translation and Validation of the Malay Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Kelantan, Malaysia. Healthcare 2025, 13, 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162037
Ab Aziz AFF, Ibrahim MI, Yaacob NM, A Rahim AI. Translation and Validation of the Malay Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Kelantan, Malaysia. Healthcare. 2025; 13(16):2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162037
Chicago/Turabian StyleAb Aziz, Ab Farid Fajilah, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Najib Majdi Yaacob, and Afiq Izzudin A Rahim. 2025. "Translation and Validation of the Malay Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Kelantan, Malaysia" Healthcare 13, no. 16: 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162037
APA StyleAb Aziz, A. F. F., Ibrahim, M. I., Yaacob, N. M., & A Rahim, A. I. (2025). Translation and Validation of the Malay Doctor–Patient Communication Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Kelantan, Malaysia. Healthcare, 13(16), 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162037