The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria requires solutions that extend beyond conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophages (phages) provide targeted antibacterial action but face two key limitations: (1) their narrow natural host ranges and...
Understanding how ecological factors shape viral evolution is essential for predicting adaptation in RNA viruses. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of bacteriophage Qβ under varying host densities, focusing on two nonsynon...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens), the causal agent of crown gall disease on several plant species, is responsible for substantial yield losses worldwide. The limitations of conventional pesticides in controlling this disease highlight the n...
Understanding the genetic underpinnings of fitness trade-offs across spatially variable environments remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In Mediterranean gilthead sea bream, first-year juveniles use various marine and brackish lagoon n...
Metabolism is generally required for cellular maintenance and for the generation of offspring under conditions that support growth. The rates, yields (efficiencies), adaptation time and robustness of metabolism are therefore key determinants of cellu...
Although fitness-related traits are expected to be under strong selection, traits related to reproduction are often quite variable within plant populations. We used data from two large greenhouse experiments to quantify phenotypic, genetic, and envir...
Phage therapy, long overshadowed by antibiotics in Western medicine, has a well-established history in some Eastern European countries and is now being revitalized as a promising strategy against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This resurgence of pha...
In recent decades, phage therapy has been overshadowed by the widespread use of antibiotics in Western countries. However, it has been revitalized as a powerful approach due to the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Although b...
The ubiquitous use of pesticides is one major driver for the current loss of biodiversity, and the common practice of simultaneously applying multiple agrochemicals may further contribute. Insect toxicology currently has a strong focus on survival to...
The widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides has led to increasing resistance in non-target organisms, including the egg parasitoid Trichogramma dendrolimi, a crucial biological control agent. Film-residue bioassays on 17 geographic strains revea...
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern that has prompted a renewed focus on drug discovery, stewardship, and evolutionary studies of the patterns and processes that underlie this phenomenon. A resistant strain’s competitive fitness relative...
The novel pathogen Candida auris has rapidly become a major health threat due to its high virulence, resistance to multiple antifungal agents, and remarkable environmental persistence. This study evaluated the influence of phenotypic traits and antif...
Natural selection favors the allocation of finite resources to different functions maximizing fitness. In this sense, some functions may decrease whereas others increase when resources are limited in a process called a trade-off. However, a great var...
Blue mold of pome fruit, caused by Penicillium expansum, is controlled through postharvest applications of thiabendazole (TBZ), pyrimethanil (PYR), and fludioxonil (FDL). However, multi-fungicide-resistant isolates have emerged in the U.S. Pacific No...
Ecosystems provide multiple valuable services that play an essential role in preventing meteorological risks, combating sandy land expansion, and ensuring sustainable development in the West Liao River Basin. The trade-off among ecosystem services (E...
A demand response (DR) based home energy management systems (HEMS) synergies with renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). In this work, a three-step simulation based posteriori method is proposed to develop a scheme for eco...
The alleles responsible for herbicide resistance in weeds can result in a fitness cost within affected plants. Over 200 cases of resistance to triazine herbicides have been confirmed in a wide range of weed species globally. In New Zealand, Chenopodi...
The brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the most abundant soybean stink bug pests in Brazil. Temperature is a key factor that affects its development and reproduction, and fluctuating temperatures...
The study of fitness costs of insecticide resistance mutations in Aedes aegypti has generally been focused on life history parameters such as fecundity, mortality, and energy reserves. In this study we sought to investigate whether trade-offs might a...
The ‘Every Earthquake a Precursor According to Scale’ (EEPAS) medium-term earthquake forecasting model is based on the precursory scale increase (Ψ) phenomenon and associated scaling relations, in which the precursor magnitude MP is predictive of the...
Seed dormancy has been thought to be an important survival strategy to tune the seed dispersal timing. Although a theoretical trade-off between seed dormancy and dispersal is often proposed, empirical field evidence of the trade-off between seed dorm...
Revealing the trade-offs, synergies, and driving mechanisms among land use functions is essential for mitigating conflicts between functions, optimizing territorial spatial patterns, and providing policy support for regional sustainable development....
As sessile organisms, plants are frequently exposed to different stress conditions caused by either biotic or abiotic factors. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie plant interaction with the biotic and abiotic environments is fundamental to bot...
Fitness landscapes are a powerful metaphor for understanding the evolution of biological systems. These landscapes describe how genotypes are connected to each other through mutation and related through fitness. Empirical studies of fitness landscape...
The investigation into trade-offs among plant functional traits sheds light on how plants strategically balance growth and survival when facing environmental stress. This study sought to evaluate whether trade-offs observed at both community and indi...
Recent advances in perovskite nanocrystals-enhanced solid-state lighting (SSL) and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) are reviewed. We first discuss the development, optical properties, and stability issue of materials, and then we evaluate the performan...
Recently, convolutional neural networks have been successfully applied to lossy image compression. End-to-end optimized autoencoders, possibly variational, are able to dramatically outperform traditional transform coding schemes in terms of rate-dist...
Estimating costs of ejaculate production is challenging. Metabolic investment in ejaculates may come at the expense of other physiological functions and may negatively affect future reproduction and/or survival. These trade-offs are especially likely...
Wildfire is a complex problem because of the diverse mix of actors and landowners involved, uncertainty about outcomes and future conditions, and unavoidable trade-offs that require ongoing negotiation. In this perspective, we argue that addressing t...
This paper proposes a new method for the simultaneous determination of the optimal control parameters of proportional resonant controllers and the optimal design of the output filter of a grid-tied three-phase inverter. The proposed method, based on...
This paper deals with the design of a control system based on fractional order models and fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers and fractional-order proportional-integral (FOPI) controllers. The controller design takes...
Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) allows items to cross-load on nontarget factors and provides flexibility in modeling multidimensional survey data. However, this flexibility comes at the cost of increased model complexity due to the es...
Offspring size-number trade-off is a critical component of life-history theory and is important for further understanding the reproductive strategies of animals. The relationship between this trade-off and maternal size has been explored in several t...
Understanding the balance between robustness and evolvability is crucial in evolutionary dynamics. This study aims to determine how varying mutation rates and valley depths affect this interplay during adaptation. Using a two-peak fitness landscape m...
Local Positioning Systems rely on ad-hoc node deployments which fit the environment characteristics in order to reduce system uncertainties. The obtainment of competitive results through these systems requires the solution of the Node Location Proble...
A decision support system (DSS) was developed that outputs suggestions for socket-rectification actions to the prosthetist, aiming at improving the fitness of transfemoral prosthetic socket design and reducing the time needed for the final socket des...
An improved structure for an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) with a separated buffer layer is presented in order to improve the trade-off between the turn-off loss (Eoff) and on-state voltage (Von). However, it is difficult to set efficient...
Low temperature combustion (LTC) mitigates the nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) trade-off in conventional compression ignition engines. Significant research on LTC using partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCI) has typica...
The evolutionary transition from single-celled to multicellular individuality requires organismal fitness to shift from the cell level to a cell group. This reorganization of fitness occurs by re-allocating the two components of fitness, survival and...
Bee nutrition studies have focused on food quantity rather than quality, and on details of bee biology rather than on the functioning of bees in ecosystems. Ecological stoichiometry has been proposed for studies on bee nutritional ecology as an ecosy...
Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated globally for its cannabinoid-dense inflorescences. Commercial preference for sinsemilla has led to the development of methods for producing feminized seeds through cross-pollination of cosexual (masculinized) female p...
Research about biosphere reserves’ management effectiveness can contribute to better understanding of the existing gap between the biosphere reserve concept and its implementation. However, there is a limited understanding about where and how r...
Lithium-ion batteries, known for their high efficiency and high energy output, have gained significant attention as energy storage devices. Monitoring the state of charge through battery management systems plays a crucial role in enhancing the safety...
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the ap...
Pneumonia remains a global health issue, creating the need for accurate detection methods for effective treatment. Deep learning models like ResNet50 show promise in detecting pneumonia from chest X-rays; however, their black-box nature limits the tr...
We introduce a tool to build a surface mesh able to deal with sparse, heterogeneous, non-parallel, cross-sectional, non-coincidental contours and show its application to reconstruct surfaces of the heart. In recent years, much research has looked at...
Evolutionary and functional studies suggested that the emergence of the Omicron variants can be determined by multiple fitness trade-offs including the immune escape, binding affinity for ACE2, conformational plasticity, protein stability and alloste...
This work presents a practical approach to improve risk quantification for heavy-tailed insurance claims through model averaging and grid map visualization, addressing the drawbacks of traditional single “best” model selection commonly us...
Propylene is one of the world’s most important basic olefin raw material used in the production of a vast array of polymers and other chemicals. The need for high purity grade of propylene is essential and traditionally achieved by the very energy-in...
Studies of climate impacts on agriculture and adaptation often provide current or future assessments, ignoring the historical contexts farming systems are situated within. We investigate how historical trends have influenced farming system adaptive c...
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