71 Results Found

Ethyl carbamate (EC), classified as a Group 2A carcinogen, is most abundant in the fermented foods, such as Cachaca, Shaoxing wine, and Chinese liquor (baijiu). Although biodegradation can reduce its concentration, a high ethanol concentration and ac...

Ethyl carbamate, a genotoxic chemical contaminant present in fermented alcoholic beverages and foods, is formed from naturally occurring substances in these beverages and foods. Studies have shown that the content of ethyl carbamate can increase sign...

Cachaça is a sugar cane spirit produced in Brazil. Ethyl carbamate (EC), a potential carcinogenic compound, may be present in cachaça above the limit established by law. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of ethyl carbamate...

Ethyl carbamate, the ethyl ester of carbamic acid, has been identified in fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. Since ethyl carbamate is a probable human carcinogen, reduction of its content is important for food safety and human health. In alcoho...

Ethyl carbamate (EC), a 2A carcinogen produced during the fermentation of foods and beverages, primarily occurs in distilled spirits. Currently, most studies focus on strategies for EC mitigation. In the present research, we aimed to screen strains t...

Nitrite, ethyl carbamate, and biogenic amines in fermented vegetables are considered harmful compounds. In this study, the concentration of the nitrite, ethyl carbamate, and biogenic amines in four different varieties of fermented vegetables in China...

When cassava is used for the production of distilled spirits through fermentation and distillation, toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released from linamarin and carcinogenic ethyl carbamate is produced. Herein, cyanide and ethyl carbamate contents wer...

The aim of this work was to clarify the formation of ethyl carbamate (EC) and its influence factors throughout the production process of Cantonese soy sauce. The results showed that EC was not detected in the koji-making and early moromi fermentation...

In the present study, changes in the physicochemical indices, ethyl carbamate (EC) precursor and EC contents, and microbial communities of fermented grains under different fermentation patterns during strong-aroma Baijiu (SAB) fermentation and change...

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a 2A classified carcinogen in Chinese liquor that has raised many problems regarding food safety. Applying microorganisms to control the content of EC precursors in fermented grains has been proven as an effective method to re...

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a natural by-product in the production of fermented food and alcoholic beverages and is carcinogenic and genotoxic, posing a significant food safety concern. In this study, Clavispora lusitaniae Cl-p with a strong EC degradati...

Baijiu is a popular alcoholic beverage with a long history in China. However, the widespread presence of the ethyl carbamate (EC) carcinogen has raised many food safety concerns. To date, the main precursors of EC and its formation process have not b...

Ethyl carbamate (EC), known as urethane, is a naturally occurring potentially carcinogenic metabolite that is widely found in alcoholic beverages and other food-related fermented products. The concern related to the presence of the EC and its toxicit...

Enzymatic degradation of the carcinogen ethyl carbamate (EC) and its precursor urea is a promising method for controlling EC levels in alcoholic beverages. However, limited enzymes with EC-hydrolyzing activity and low ethanol or acid tolerance hinder...

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a recognized genotoxic carcinogen, with widespread occurrence in fermented foods and beverages. No data on its occurrence in alcoholic beverages from Mexico or Central America is available. Samples of agave spirits including t...

In winemaking, malolactic fermentation (MLF), which converts L-malic acid to L-lactic acid, is often applied after the alcoholic fermentation stage to improve the sensory properties of the wine and its microbiological stability. MLF is usually perfor...

The impact of selected non-Saccharomyces yeasts on the occurrence of ethyl carbamate (EC) was evaluated. Hanseniaspora uvarum, Starmerella bacillaris, Pichia terricola, Pichia fermentans and Pichia kluyveri isolated from Madeira Island vineyards were...

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a naturally occurring substance in alcoholic beverages from the reaction of ethanol with urea during fermentation and storage. EC can cause dizziness and vomiting when consumed in small quantities and develop kidney cancer whe...

Baijiu is a renowned Chinese distilled liquor, notable for its distinctive flavor profile and intricate production process, which prominently involves fermentation and distillation. Ethyl carbamate (EC), a probable human carcinogen, can be potentiall...

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a potential carcinogen that forms spontaneously during Chinese rice wine fermentation. The primary precursor for EC formation is urea, which originates from both external sources and arginine degradation. Urea degradation is s...

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is carcinogenic, and, in China, oral intake of EC mainly occurs as a result of the consumption of alcoholic beverages. To obtain the latest EC intake and risk analysis results for the general population in China, the China Nation...

Climate change poses several challenges in the wine industry, including increasing risks related to chemical food contaminants such as biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate (EC). In this work, we focused on urea removal in red wines by immobilized acid...

The aim of this paper is to obtain ethyl (2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)carbamate and its metal complexes as promising antimicrobial agents. The title compound was synthesized using the ring-opening of isatoic anhydride with methylamine and further acyla...

(This paper presents the synthesis of a novel copper(II) metal complex with ethyl (2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)carbamate and 3-methylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. The characterization of the compound was conducted through various techniques, including...

The presence of potentially hazardous substances in fruit wines poses a threat for human health. However, the management standards and specifications of hazardous substances contained within various types of fruit wines are currently insufficient. Th...

A relevant trend in winemaking is to reduce the use of chemical compounds in both the vineyard and winery. In organic productions, synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms must be avoided, aiming to achieve the p...

The undesirable effects of some hazardous compounds involved in the different steps of the winemaking process may pose health risks to consumers; hence, the importance of compliance with recent international food safety standards, including the Hazar...

The relationship between protein structure and function is intrinsically interconnected, as the structure of a protein directly determines its functional properties. To investigate the effects of temperature and pressure on protein function, this stu...

During the synthesis of a series of carboximides using acyl isocyanates [1], the title compound 3 was synthesised in a model reaction from 3-phenyl-2-propynoyl isocyanate (2) and ethanol. Isocyanate 2 was generated in situ from the corresponding carb...

The most popular methodology to make red wine is through the combined use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and lactic acid bacteria, for alcoholic fermentation and malolactic fermentation respectively. This classic winemaking practice produces stabl...

Madeira wine (MW) encompasses an unusual oxidative ageing process that makes it distinctive. Several metabolites have been related to its quality and safety, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, sotolon, and ethyl carbamate (EC). These co...

Lipid-like nanoparticles (LLNPs) have been shown to be an effective encapsulation and delivery tool for therapeutic molecules. While the preclinical development of lipid nanoparticle formulations has been of paramount importance, next-generation LLNP...

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the production, classification, and quality control of cachaça, a traditional Brazilian sugarcane spirit with significant cultural importance. It explores the fermentation and distillation of su...

Commercial diol chain extenders generally could only form two urethane bonds, while abundant hydrogen bonds were required to construct self-healing thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU). Herein, two diol chain extenders bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (1,3...

Most red wines commercialized in the market use the malolactic fermentationprocess in order to ensure stability from a microbiological point of view. In this secondfermentation, malic acid is converted into L-lactic acid under controlled setups. Howe...

Modern industrial winemaking is based on the use of specific starters of wine strains. Commercial wine strains present several advantages over natural isolates, and it is their use that guarantees the stability and reproducibility of industrial winem...

In response to the growing interest in less conventional alcoholic beverages, this study aimed to identify novel yeast strains suitable for sake production, with a focus on their potential application in bioflavouring. Commercially available strains...

TiO2/SiO2, Cr2O3-NiO/SiO2, and TiO2-Cr2O3/SiO2 were prepared by the impregnation method for alkyl carbamate synthesis using urea as the carbonyl source. Up to 97.5% methyl carbamate yield, 97% ethyl carbamate yield, and 96% butyl carbamate yield coul...

A set of 25 novel, silicon-based carbamate derivatives as potential acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE/BChE) inhibitors was synthesized and characterized by their in vitro inhibition profiles and the selectivity indexes (SIs). The prepared compo...

Substituted 1-( 4-biphenylyl)ethylnitramines are synthesized from the 1-( 4-biphenylyl)ethanols 1a-d with ethyl N-nitro-carbamate in a Mitsunobu reaction [...]

An efficient method is proposed for N-adamantylation of primary carboxamides and sulfonamides, ethyl carbamate, and 4-nitroaniline using the stoichiometric amount of 1-adamantanol in the presence of 5 mol% aluminum triflate in nitromethane. Similarit...

A series of carbamate, thiocarbamate, and hydrazide analogues of acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) were synthesized and their ability to modulate Vibrio fischeri-quorum sensing was evaluated. The compounds in the series exhibit variable side chain lengt...

A series of 14 target benzyl [2-(arylsulfamoyl)-1-substituted-ethyl]carbamates was prepared by multi-step synthesis and characterized. All the final compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinester...

A series of new benzene-based derivatives was designed, synthesized and comprehensively characterized. All of the tested compounds were evaluated for their in vitro ability to potentially inhibit the acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes. The sel...

In order to prepare a better direct vat set for malolactic fermentation (MLF) in high ethanol and low pH wines, the high-ethanol- and low-temperature-tolerant strain Lentilactobacillus hilgardii Q19, which was isolated from the eastern foothill of th...

Chemometric evaluation of potentially harmful volatile compound and toxic metal(loid) distribution patterns in fruit spirits relating to distinct fruit classes most commonly used in spirit production highlighted the potential of several volatiles as...

In this study, we examined the effect of cationic lipid type in folate (FA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified cationic liposomes on gene-silencing effects in tumor cells using cationic liposomes/siRNA complexes (siRNA lipoplexes). We used three type...

The lithiation of 2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)ethyl diisopropylcarbamate (1) is achieved freely by sec-butyllithium in diethylether with high lk-diastereoselectivity: the bicyclic chelate complexes 3a and 3b are reacted with electrophiles to f...

In this article we demonstrate how asymmetric total synthesis of (S)-rivastigmine has been achieved using direct asymmetric reductive amination as the key transformation in four steps. The route started with readily available and cheap m-hydroxyaceto...

In this study, we investigated how the presence of multiple intermolecular interaction sites influences the heteromeric supramolecular assembly of N-[(3-pyridinylamino) thioxomethyl] carbamates with fluoroiodobenzenes. Three targets—R-N-[(3-pyr...