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2,531 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,871 Views
14 Pages

26 October 2019

The joint toxicities of [BMIM]BF4, [BMIM]PF6, and [HMIM]BF4 on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were systematically investigated by using a progressive approach from 1D single effect point, 2D concentration-response curve (CRC), to 3D equivalent-surface (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,891 Views
17 Pages

The support pressure on an excavation surface is a critical factor in the ground deformation and excavation stability of a submarine shield tunnel. The shield tail gap and the disturbance zone of grouting behind the tunnel wall are also important inf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,967 Views
15 Pages

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Ground Shock Generated by Large Equivalent Surface Explosions

  • Chenxi Xia,
  • Li Chen,
  • Rongzheng Xu,
  • Mingjin Cao,
  • Dapeng Chen and
  • Qin Fang

10 August 2022

Lately, explosions with a large TNT equivalent have occurred with alarming frequency causing severe structural damage. The damage suffered by these structures has been exacerbated by the ground shock generated during these large equivalent explosions...

  • Article
  • Open Access
800 Views
20 Pages

Repeatability of Corneal Astigmatism and Equivalent Power with the MS-39 Tomographer Derived from Model Surface Fitting in a Cataractous Population

  • Achim Langenbucher,
  • Nóra Szentmáry,
  • Alan Cayless,
  • Muntadher Al Karam,
  • Peter Hoffmann,
  • Theo G. Seiler and
  • Jascha Wendelstein

5 October 2025

We investigated the repeatability of the MS-39 in determining power vector components—the spherical equivalent (SEQ) and astigmatic powers (C0 and C45) and asphericity (Q)—of corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium in a large patient...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,590 Views
17 Pages

3 August 2019

Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, this study explores the differences and similarities in multiple time-scale characteristics of summer air temperature (T) and equivalent temperature (Te) over China during 1961–2017, using da...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,246 Views
22 Pages

15 November 2024

In a sealed electromagnetic relay, the change in the surface roughness mainly depends on the collision wear between the contact and the moving reed and the ablation effect of the arc on the contact surface based on the strong correlation between the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,395 Views
15 Pages

30 August 2022

Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is an effective method to measure the optical constants of thin film materials which is very sensitive to the surface topography of thin films. When performing ellipsometric measurements of the optical constants of sol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,769 Views
12 Pages

10 January 2023

Accurate analysis of the air gap magnetic field is the focus of research in the field of precision permanent magnet linear synchronous motors. In this paper, the two-dimensional air gap magnetic field of a secondary trapezoidal Halbach permanent magn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
771 Views
30 Pages

This paper proposes a two-dimensional (2D) generalized equivalent magnetic network (GEMN) model suitable for surface-mounted permanent magnet electric machines (SPEMs). The model divides the SPEM into eight types of regions: stator yoke, stator tooth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,449 Views
15 Pages

31 October 2022

In this paper, a fast reverse design method of multi-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) based on the equivalent circuit (EC)-assisted multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is proposed. Converting the desired frequency res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
3,205 Views
20 Pages

Prediction of Parameters of Equivalent Sum Rough Surfaces

  • Pawel Pawlus,
  • Rafal Reizer and
  • Wieslaw Zelasko

31 October 2020

In statistical models, the contact of two surfaces is typically replaced by the contact of a smooth, flat, and an equivalent rough sum surface. For the sum surface, the zeroth, second, and fourth moments of the power spectral density m0, m2, and m4 r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
754 Views
21 Pages

Ferromagnet-Type System: Integrable Flows of Curves/Surfaces, Soliton Solutions, and Equivalence

  • Gulgassyl Nugmanova,
  • Guldana Bekova,
  • Meruyert Zhassybayeva,
  • Aigul Taishiyeva,
  • Kuralay Yesmakhanova and
  • Zhaidary Myrzakulova

2 July 2025

This paper investigates an integrable spin system known as the Myrzakulov-XIII (M-XIII) equation through geometric and gauge-theoretic methods. The M-XIII equation, which describes dispersionless dynamics with curvature-induced interactions, is shown...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,995 Views
13 Pages

16 March 2019

The surface of a complex material with a periodic structure is equivalent to the surface of a uniform material, and the measurement and data processing methods for the equivalent optical BRDF of a solar panel based on a large-scale spot are proposed....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,772 Views
16 Pages

The solar angle of incidence is the angle between the sunlight and the normal on the impact surface. The lower the angle of incidence, the more sun radiation the surface can absorb. There are several methods for calculating of this angle. Determining...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,049 Views
26 Pages

The correct computation of flows over rough surfaces in technical systems, such as in turbomachines, is a significant issue for proper simulations of their performance data. Once the flow over rough surfaces is adequately computed in these machines,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,877 Views
16 Pages

4 August 2022

Highly accurate measurements of infrared systems cannot be achieved without precise radiometric calibrations. In order to correctly interpret and process infrared images and monitor the performance of infrared cameras, their radiometric calibration i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,460 Views
13 Pages

29 October 2024

Water-in-oil microemulsions, as stable colloidal dispersions from quasi-ternary mixtures, have been used in diverse applications, including nanoreactors for confined chemical processes. Their use as soft templates not only includes nanomaterial synth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,158 Views
15 Pages

Scattering Evaluation of Equivalent Surface Impedances of Acoustic Metamaterials in Large FDTD Volumes Using RLC Circuit Modelling

  • Eric Ballestero,
  • Brian Hamilton,
  • Noé Jiménez,
  • Vicent Romero-García,
  • Jean-Philippe Groby,
  • Haydar Aygun and
  • Stephen Dance

31 August 2021

Most simulations involving metamaterials often require complex physics to be solved through refined meshing grids. However, it can prove challenging to simulate the effect of local physical conditions created by said metamaterials into much wider com...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
1,725 Views
16 Pages

10 January 2024

In order to investigate the equivalent complex refractive index of atmospheric aerosols near the Earth’s surface, we conducted measurements in the Hefei region from March to April 2022. These measurements utilized a micro-pulse lidar, an Aethal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,705 Views
15 Pages

A mathematical model employing the concept of energy-equivalent inhomogeneity is applied to analyze short cylindrical fiber composites with interfaces described by the Steigmann–Ogden material surface model. Real inhomogeneity consists of a cyl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,812 Views
13 Pages

28 May 2022

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have been widely used in many industrial fields, such as automobile, aerospace and so on, because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to their anisotropy and inhomogeneity, machining CFRPs i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,271 Views
15 Pages

27 August 2021

This paper presents a miniaturized frequency selective surface (FSS) based on the convoluted and interdigitated stripe with multiple narrow passbands/wide stopbands in the L-/S-/C-/X-/Ku-/K-band. By using the convoluted and interdigitated stripe, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,659 Views
19 Pages

17 July 2024

In practical conditions, near-field acoustic holography (NAH) requires the measurement environment to be a free sound field. If vibrating objects are located above the reflective ground, the sound field becomes non-free in the presence of a reflectin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,013 Views
15 Pages

9 August 2025

As bisphenol A (BPA) has gradually become restricted in production scenarios, the ecological risk level of its main replacement chemicals, i.e., bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), should be noted. To overcome the limitations of toxicity data, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Citations
7,943 Views
23 Pages

In order to calculate the dose for nanoparticles (NP), (i) relevant information about the dose metrics and (ii) a proper dose concept are crucial. Since the appropriate metrics for NP toxicity are yet to be elaborated, a general dose calculation mode...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,327 Views
15 Pages

Development and Validation of an ANN-Based Approach for Temperature-Dependent Equivalent Circuit Modeling of SAW Resonators

  • Miloš Radojković,
  • Giovanni Gugliandolo,
  • Mariangela Latino,
  • Zlatica Marinković,
  • Giovanni Crupi and
  • Nicola Donato

28 April 2023

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for modeling the temperature-dependent behavior of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, by using a combination of a lumped-element equivalent circuit model and artificial neural networks (ANNs). More sp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,948 Views
13 Pages

2 June 2020

Due to their low power consumption, high modulation speed, and low cost, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) dominate short-reach data communications as the light source. In this paper, we propose a compact equivalent circuit model with n...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,261 Views
22 Pages

24 June 2022

The borehole transient electromagnetic (TEM) method can be useful in deep mineral exploration to detect blind ore bodies beside or below the borehole, and is especially adapted to finding small-scale, deep, rich ore bodies. In this method a transmitt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,124 Views
20 Pages

23 May 2024

This work presents a numerical study on atmospheric sound propagation over rough water surfaces with the aim of improving predictions of sound propagation over long distances. A method for generating pseudorandom sea profiles consistent with sea wave...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,221 Views
19 Pages

21 August 2023

Based on the magnetic gear effect, the field-modulated permanent-magnet machine (FMPMM) can realize the unequal pole design of the rotor PM field and the stator armature magnetic field. With the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,005 Views
14 Pages

Automotive parts are usually subjected to random loads with large mean tensile/compressive stresses under working conditions. It is important for automotive parts to have a long fatigue life under mean stress in practical engineering applications. An...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,716 Views
16 Pages

10 August 2022

The framework of this paper is the study of gas treatments (NOx abatement) by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. To investigate the impact of various solutions for electrical energy injection on the treatment process, two dia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
695 Views
12 Pages

Design of an Energy Selective Surface Employing Dual-Resonant Circuit Topology

  • Honglin Zhang,
  • Jihong Zhang,
  • Song Zha,
  • Huan Jiang,
  • Tao Zhou,
  • Chenxi Liu and
  • Peiguo Liu

A dual-polarization energy selective surface (ESS) with low insertion loss (IL) and high shielding effectiveness (SE) based on a dual-resonant equivalent circuit topology was proposed for high-intensity radiation field (HIRF) protection in this paper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,613 Views
21 Pages

16 October 2024

With advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, high-quality triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures can now be produced. TPMS walled heat exchangers (HX) hold significant potential for industrial applications and are receiving...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
8,370 Views
22 Pages

Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of Materials and the Process of Elastic-Plastic Deformation under External Stress on Material

  • Jan Valíček,
  • Marta Harničárová,
  • Andreas Öchsner,
  • Zuzana Hutyrová,
  • Milena Kušnerová,
  • Hakan Tozan,
  • Vít Michenka,
  • Vladimír Šepelák,
  • Dušan Mitaľ and
  • Jozef Zajac

3 November 2015

The paper solves the problem of the nonexistence of a new method for calculation of dynamics of stress-deformation states of deformation tool-material systems including the construction of stress-strain diagrams. The presented solution focuses on exp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
472 Views
17 Pages

17 November 2025

Wet milling of aluminum alloys involves complex interactions among thermal, fluid, and mechanical fields that strongly affect cutting temperature, stress distribution, and surface integrity. To achieve reproducible and physics-based predictions of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,623 Views
18 Pages

22 July 2025

Electrical connectors play a vital role in ensuring reliable signal transmission in high-frequency microsystems. This study explores the impact of microscale scratch-induced surface roughness on the alternating current (AC) contact impedance of RF co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,288 Views
16 Pages

16 February 2024

This study explores a super-fast magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process for polishing the surface of an Inconel 625 bar workpiece for a hydrogen solenoid valve stem. The Inconel 625 bar was chosen to replace the existing STS 316 bar material, prev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,238 Views
15 Pages

Band-Pass and Band-Stop Filter Frequency Selective Surface with Harmonic Suppression

  • Dong Hyee Hwang,
  • Taeyong Jeong,
  • Jun Hee Kim and
  • Keum Cheol Hwang

29 July 2024

This study investigated a frequency-selective surface (FSS) that is used to suppress harmonics affecting the performance and accuracy of radar systems. One side of the FSS features a metal grid structure, and when converted into an equivalent circuit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,872 Views
18 Pages

Efficient Adsorption of Ammonia by Surface-Modified Activated Carbon Fiber Mesh

  • Yongxiang Niu,
  • Chao Zheng,
  • Yucong Xie,
  • Kai Kang,
  • Hua Song,
  • Shupei Bai,
  • Hao Han and
  • Shunyi Li

28 October 2023

In view of the characteristics and risks of ammonia, its removal is important for industrial production and environmental safety. In this study, viscose-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) was used as a substrate and chemically modified by nitric acid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,891 Views
12 Pages

20 April 2025

In this article, a miniaturized frequency-selective surface (FSS)-based electromagnetic shield is investigated for EMI mitigation in the X-band. The FSS comprises a convoluted conducting loop designed over an FR-4 substrate. It operates at 10 GHz X-b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,111 Views
17 Pages

An Experiment on Multi-Angle Sun Glitter Remote Sensing of Water Surface Using Multi-UAV

  • Chen Wang,
  • Huaguo Zhang,
  • Guanghong Liao,
  • Wenting Cao,
  • Juan Wang,
  • Dongling Li and
  • Xiulin Lou

28 May 2025

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has become an important tool for modern remote sensing technology with its low cost and high flexibility. Sun glitter (SG) remote sensing based on satellite platforms shows great potential in the fields of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
4,835 Views
47 Pages

Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing of Vegetation Effects, SoOp and Rough Soil Surface Backscattering

  • Leung Tsang,
  • Tien-Hao Liao,
  • Ruoxing Gao,
  • Haokui Xu,
  • Weihui Gu and
  • Jiyue Zhu

29 July 2022

In this paper, we provide updates on our recent work on the theory of microwave remote sensing for applications in remote sensing of soil moisture and snow water equivalent (SWE). The three topics are the following. (i) For the effects of forests and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,452 Views
17 Pages

30 July 2016

The temperature responses of aluminum nitride (AlN) based surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) are modeled and tested. The modeling of the electrical performance is based on a modified equivalent circuit model introduced in this work. For SAWR cons...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
14,694 Views
55 Pages

7 April 2021

For an N-protic acid–base system, the set of nonlinear equations (i.e., mass action and balance laws) provides a simple analytical solution/formula for any integer N ≥ 1. The approach is applicable for the general case of zwitterionic acids HNA+Z (e....

  • Communication
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,583 Views
10 Pages

Wideband Lorenz Resonance Reconfigurable Metasurface for 5G+ Communications

  • Chun Yang,
  • Chuanchuan Yang,
  • Cheng Zhang,
  • Jiqiang Feng,
  • Chen Xu and
  • Hongbin Li

9 December 2022

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been considered as a promising solution to enhance the spectrum and energy efficiency of the 5G+ and future 6G wireless communication systems. The performance of RIS will become the key metric of these c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,337 Views
13 Pages

28 April 2025

This paper presents a novel ultrathin frequency selective surface (FSS) bandpass filter with an extraordinary wideband tailored for operating within the S-C bands. The filter structure entails a double-layer FSS structure with mutually perpendicular...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,836 Views
17 Pages

26 June 2022

The concentrations of seventeen endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that included oestrogens, phytoestrogens, sitosterol, and banned industrial pollutants were investigated at ten sites of the Douro River estuary. Surface waters were collected durin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,376 Views
17 Pages

12 July 2022

The dynamic equivalent resistance is a major index that determines the sensing performance of knitted strain sensors, and has the characteristics of in-plane and three-dimensional curved strain sensing. Therefore, in addition to establishing the in-p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,600 Views
22 Pages

7 March 2025

This study presents an innovative Dual-Band Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) designed for LTE applications, offering an effective solution for minimizing Passive Inter-Modulation (PIM) in contemporary wireless communication systems at the base stati...

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