2,531 Results Found

The joint toxicities of [BMIM]BF₄, [BMIM]PF₆, and [HMIM]BF₄ on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were systematically investigated by using a progressive approach from 1D single effect point, 2D concentration-response curve (CRC), to 3D equivalent-surface (...

The support pressure on an excavation surface is a critical factor in the ground deformation and excavation stability of a submarine shield tunnel. The shield tail gap and the disturbance zone of grouting behind the tunnel wall are also important inf...

Lately, explosions with a large TNT equivalent have occurred with alarming frequency causing severe structural damage. The damage suffered by these structures has been exacerbated by the ground shock generated during these large equivalent explosions...

We investigated the repeatability of the MS-39 in determining power vector components—the spherical equivalent (SEQ) and astigmatic powers (C0 and C45) and asphericity (Q)—of corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium in a large patient...

Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, this study explores the differences and similarities in multiple time-scale characteristics of summer air temperature (T) and equivalent temperature (T_e) over China during 1961–2017, using da...

In a sealed electromagnetic relay, the change in the surface roughness mainly depends on the collision wear between the contact and the moving reed and the ablation effect of the arc on the contact surface based on the strong correlation between the...

Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is an effective method to measure the optical constants of thin film materials which is very sensitive to the surface topography of thin films. When performing ellipsometric measurements of the optical constants of sol...

Accurate analysis of the air gap magnetic field is the focus of research in the field of precision permanent magnet linear synchronous motors. In this paper, the two-dimensional air gap magnetic field of a secondary trapezoidal Halbach permanent magn...

This paper proposes a two-dimensional (2D) generalized equivalent magnetic network (GEMN) model suitable for surface-mounted permanent magnet electric machines (SPEMs). The model divides the SPEM into eight types of regions: stator yoke, stator tooth...

In this paper, a fast reverse design method of multi-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) based on the equivalent circuit (EC)-assisted multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is proposed. Converting the desired frequency res...

In statistical models, the contact of two surfaces is typically replaced by the contact of a smooth, flat, and an equivalent rough sum surface. For the sum surface, the zeroth, second, and fourth moments of the power spectral density m₀, m₂, and m₄ r...

This paper investigates an integrable spin system known as the Myrzakulov-XIII (M-XIII) equation through geometric and gauge-theoretic methods. The M-XIII equation, which describes dispersionless dynamics with curvature-induced interactions, is shown...

The surface of a complex material with a periodic structure is equivalent to the surface of a uniform material, and the measurement and data processing methods for the equivalent optical BRDF of a solar panel based on a large-scale spot are proposed....

The solar angle of incidence is the angle between the sunlight and the normal on the impact surface. The lower the angle of incidence, the more sun radiation the surface can absorb. There are several methods for calculating of this angle. Determining...

The correct computation of flows over rough surfaces in technical systems, such as in turbomachines, is a significant issue for proper simulations of their performance data. Once the flow over rough surfaces is adequately computed in these machines,...

Highly accurate measurements of infrared systems cannot be achieved without precise radiometric calibrations. In order to correctly interpret and process infrared images and monitor the performance of infrared cameras, their radiometric calibration i...

Water-in-oil microemulsions, as stable colloidal dispersions from quasi-ternary mixtures, have been used in diverse applications, including nanoreactors for confined chemical processes. Their use as soft templates not only includes nanomaterial synth...

Most simulations involving metamaterials often require complex physics to be solved through refined meshing grids. However, it can prove challenging to simulate the effect of local physical conditions created by said metamaterials into much wider com...

In order to investigate the equivalent complex refractive index of atmospheric aerosols near the Earth’s surface, we conducted measurements in the Hefei region from March to April 2022. These measurements utilized a micro-pulse lidar, an Aethal...

A mathematical model employing the concept of energy-equivalent inhomogeneity is applied to analyze short cylindrical fiber composites with interfaces described by the Steigmann–Ogden material surface model. Real inhomogeneity consists of a cyl...

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have been widely used in many industrial fields, such as automobile, aerospace and so on, because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to their anisotropy and inhomogeneity, machining CFRPs i...

This paper presents a miniaturized frequency selective surface (FSS) based on the convoluted and interdigitated stripe with multiple narrow passbands/wide stopbands in the L-/S-/C-/X-/Ku-/K-band. By using the convoluted and interdigitated stripe, the...

In practical conditions, near-field acoustic holography (NAH) requires the measurement environment to be a free sound field. If vibrating objects are located above the reflective ground, the sound field becomes non-free in the presence of a reflectin...

As bisphenol A (BPA) has gradually become restricted in production scenarios, the ecological risk level of its main replacement chemicals, i.e., bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), should be noted. To overcome the limitations of toxicity data, t...

In order to calculate the dose for nanoparticles (NP), (i) relevant information about the dose metrics and (ii) a proper dose concept are crucial. Since the appropriate metrics for NP toxicity are yet to be elaborated, a general dose calculation mode...

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for modeling the temperature-dependent behavior of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, by using a combination of a lumped-element equivalent circuit model and artificial neural networks (ANNs). More sp...

Due to their low power consumption, high modulation speed, and low cost, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) dominate short-reach data communications as the light source. In this paper, we propose a compact equivalent circuit model with n...

The borehole transient electromagnetic (TEM) method can be useful in deep mineral exploration to detect blind ore bodies beside or below the borehole, and is especially adapted to finding small-scale, deep, rich ore bodies. In this method a transmitt...

This work presents a numerical study on atmospheric sound propagation over rough water surfaces with the aim of improving predictions of sound propagation over long distances. A method for generating pseudorandom sea profiles consistent with sea wave...

Based on the magnetic gear effect, the field-modulated permanent-magnet machine (FMPMM) can realize the unequal pole design of the rotor PM field and the stator armature magnetic field. With the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency,...

Automotive parts are usually subjected to random loads with large mean tensile/compressive stresses under working conditions. It is important for automotive parts to have a long fatigue life under mean stress in practical engineering applications. An...

The framework of this paper is the study of gas treatments (NOx abatement) by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. To investigate the impact of various solutions for electrical energy injection on the treatment process, two dia...

A dual-polarization energy selective surface (ESS) with low insertion loss (IL) and high shielding effectiveness (SE) based on a dual-resonant equivalent circuit topology was proposed for high-intensity radiation field (HIRF) protection in this paper...

With advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, high-quality triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures can now be produced. TPMS walled heat exchangers (HX) hold significant potential for industrial applications and are receiving...

The paper solves the problem of the nonexistence of a new method for calculation of dynamics of stress-deformation states of deformation tool-material systems including the construction of stress-strain diagrams. The presented solution focuses on exp...

Wet milling of aluminum alloys involves complex interactions among thermal, fluid, and mechanical fields that strongly affect cutting temperature, stress distribution, and surface integrity. To achieve reproducible and physics-based predictions of th...

Electrical connectors play a vital role in ensuring reliable signal transmission in high-frequency microsystems. This study explores the impact of microscale scratch-induced surface roughness on the alternating current (AC) contact impedance of RF co...

This study explores a super-fast magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process for polishing the surface of an Inconel 625 bar workpiece for a hydrogen solenoid valve stem. The Inconel 625 bar was chosen to replace the existing STS 316 bar material, prev...

This study investigated a frequency-selective surface (FSS) that is used to suppress harmonics affecting the performance and accuracy of radar systems. One side of the FSS features a metal grid structure, and when converted into an equivalent circuit...

In view of the characteristics and risks of ammonia, its removal is important for industrial production and environmental safety. In this study, viscose-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) was used as a substrate and chemically modified by nitric acid...

In this article, a miniaturized frequency-selective surface (FSS)-based electromagnetic shield is investigated for EMI mitigation in the X-band. The FSS comprises a convoluted conducting loop designed over an FR-4 substrate. It operates at 10 GHz X-b...

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has become an important tool for modern remote sensing technology with its low cost and high flexibility. Sun glitter (SG) remote sensing based on satellite platforms shows great potential in the fields of...

In this paper, we provide updates on our recent work on the theory of microwave remote sensing for applications in remote sensing of soil moisture and snow water equivalent (SWE). The three topics are the following. (i) For the effects of forests and...

The temperature responses of aluminum nitride (AlN) based surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) are modeled and tested. The modeling of the electrical performance is based on a modified equivalent circuit model introduced in this work. For SAWR cons...

For an N-protic acid–base system, the set of nonlinear equations (i.e., mass action and balance laws) provides a simple analytical solution/formula for any integer N ≥ 1. The approach is applicable for the general case of zwitterionic acids H_NA^+Z (e....

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been considered as a promising solution to enhance the spectrum and energy efficiency of the 5G+ and future 6G wireless communication systems. The performance of RIS will become the key metric of these c...

This paper presents a novel ultrathin frequency selective surface (FSS) bandpass filter with an extraordinary wideband tailored for operating within the S-C bands. The filter structure entails a double-layer FSS structure with mutually perpendicular...

The concentrations of seventeen endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that included oestrogens, phytoestrogens, sitosterol, and banned industrial pollutants were investigated at ten sites of the Douro River estuary. Surface waters were collected durin...

The dynamic equivalent resistance is a major index that determines the sensing performance of knitted strain sensors, and has the characteristics of in-plane and three-dimensional curved strain sensing. Therefore, in addition to establishing the in-p...

This study presents an innovative Dual-Band Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) designed for LTE applications, offering an effective solution for minimizing Passive Inter-Modulation (PIM) in contemporary wireless communication systems at the base stati...