Search Results (2,849)

Aim of the Study: To determine whether adding a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) to primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) lowers graft-failure risk and improves functional recovery in competitive athletes with high-grade pivot-shift. Methods: Multicentre retrospective cohort with 1:1 propensity-score matching (age, sex, sport, graft, centre). Competitive athletes with pivot-shift grade ≥ 2 who underwent primary ACLR with hamstring or bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autografts (2018–2024) were eligible. The primary outcome was graft failure within 24 months (composite of revision ACLR, symptomatic rotatory laxity with pivot-shift ≥ 2 plus KT-1000 > 5 mm, or MRI-confirmed rupture). Time-to-event was summarised with Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves and log-rank tests. Secondary outcomes included residual rotatory laxity and functional performance (single-leg hop, side hop, Y-Balance) analysed as the proportion achieving Limb Symmetry Index ≥ 90% at 6 and 24 months and as continuous LSI means. Two-sided α = 0.05; secondary outcomes were prespecified without multiplicity adjustment. Results: Of 1368 ACL reconstructions screened, 97 eligible athletes were identified; 92 were analysed after matching (46 isolated ACLR; 46 ACLR + LET; mean follow-up 30.0 ± 4.2 months). KM survival at 24 months was 95.7% after ACLR + LET versus 82.6% after isolated ACLR (log-rank p = 0.046). The absolute risk reduction was 13.0% (Number Needed to Treat 8; 95% CI 4→∞). In graft-type subgroups, failures were 6/32 vs. 1/30 for hamstring and 2/14 vs. 1/16 for BPTB (ACLR vs. ACLR + LET, respectively); there was no evidence of interaction (Breslow–Day p = 0.56). At 6 months, a higher proportion of ACLR + LET athletes achieved LSI ≥ 90% across tests—single-leg hop 77.8% vs. 40.9% (p = 0.0005), side hop 62.2% vs. 34.9% (p = 0.012), Y-Balance 84.4% vs. 59.1% (p = 0.010), with a larger mean LSI (between-group differences +8.2 to +9.1, all p < 0.001). By 24 months, threshold attainment largely converged (all p ≥ 0.06), while mean LSI differences persisted but were smaller (+3.9 to +4.9, all p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: In competitive athletes with high-grade pivot-shift undergoing accelerated, criteria-based rehabilitation, adding LET to primary ACLR was associated with lower graft-failure risk and earlier functional symmetry, with consistent effects across hamstring and BPTB autografts. Given the observational design, causal inference is limited; confirmation in randomized and longer-term studies is warranted. Full article

To improve the dynamic performance of parallel robots in multi-dimensional space, a novel trajectory planning method of space discretization for parallel robots is proposed. First, the kinematic model of the 5PUS-RPUR parallel robot is established. Then, the normalized Jacobian condition number is obtained via the variable weighting matrix method, and is used as the performance metric of path optimization. The weighted sum method is utilized to construct a composite objective function for the trajectory that incorporates travel time and acceleration fluctuations. Next, the position space between the start and end points is discretized, and the robot pose space based on the position points is analyzed via the search method. The discrete pose point weights are assigned according to the condition number. Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to find the path with the minimum condition number. The trajectory optimization model is established by fitting the discrete path with a B-spline curve and optimized via genetic algorithm. Finally, comparative numerical simulations validate the proposed method, which reduces actuator RMS displacement difference by up to 32.9% and acceleration fluctuation by up to 25.6% against state-of-the-art techniques, yielding superior motion smoothness and dynamic stability. Full article

Background/Objectives: Nurses play a vital role in healthcare, yet their demanding working conditions, including long hours, shift work, and stress, can negatively impact health behaviors. In Poland, empirical data on nurses’ eating habits and body composition remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate body composition and dietary habits among nurses, and to identify significant relationships and associations between these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 460 Polish nurses. The mean age of the respondents was 45.07 years (SD ± 11.98). Body composition was assessed using the Tanita MC-780 PLUS MA analyzer, and eating behaviors were measured with the standardized My Eating Habits questionnaire (MEH). Advanced statistical analyses including k-means clustering, ANOVA, chi-square tests, Spearman’s correlation, ROC curves, decision tree modeling, and heatmap visualization were used to identify associations. Results: The MEH scores among nurses indicated average eating behavior. However, excess body fat, overweight/obesity, shift work, and holding multiple jobs were significantly associated with emotional overeating, habitual overeating, and restrictive eating. Decision tree analysis identified Body Mass Index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM) and comorbidities as key predictors of problematic eating patterns. Interaction effects showed that shift work combined with higher BMI further increased the risk of maladaptive behaviors. Heatmaps confirmed the strongest MEH scores in participants with elevated BMI and FFM. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for targeted workplace interventions promoting healthy eating and weight control among nurses. Recognizing risk factors such as excess weight or multiple job holding can aid in designing effective prevention and health promotion strategies tailored to healthcare professionals. Full article

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive stenosis of intracranial arteries, leading to stroke. While MMD was long considered a genetic disorder, emerging evidence suggests autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to its pathogenesis. The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of MMD is under heated discussion, and a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network involving MMD-related ncRNAs has not been constructed. In this study, we integrated multiple bioinformatic analyses on transcriptomic data from the middle cerebral arteries of MMD patients and controls. Our analysis revealed a significant enrichment of innate immune system pathways, including antigen processing and macrophage activation, in MMD tissue. We constructed a robust ceRNA network centered on the long non-coding RNA MALAT1, identifying 15 core mRNA targets. A classifier built from these MALAT1-related genes accurately distinguished MMD patients from controls, with an area under the curve of 0.869 in independent validation. Furthermore, immune deconvolution analysis showed a marked increase in microvascular endothelial cells and a decrease in CD4⁺ memory T cells and regulatory T cells in MMD arteries. The expression of the MALAT1 network genes strongly correlated with these shifts in cellular composition, positively with endothelial cells and negatively with T cells. Our findings uncover a MALAT1-driven ceRNA network that links immune dysregulation to vascular changes in MMD, highlighting MALAT1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Full article

The accurate estimation of methane reserves in closed coal mines is crucial for supporting clean energy recovery and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study addresses the technical challenges associated with complex geological conditions and limited post-closure data in China’s closed mines. Three mainstream estimation methods—the material balance, resource composition, and decline curve—are systematically reviewed and applied to a case study in the Huoxi Coalfield. Results indicate that the material balance method provides upper-bound estimates but is highly sensitive to incomplete historical data, whereas the resource composition method yields more conservative and geologically realistic values. Although the decline curve method is not applied in this case, it offers potential for forecasting when long-term monitoring data are available. A multi-method integration approach, supported by enhanced data archiving and uncertainty assessments, is recommended to improve the accuracy and reliability of methane reserve evaluations in post-mining environments. Full article

In this study, we present analysis of TESS photometry, spectral energy distribution (SED), high-resolution spectroscopy, and spot modeling of the ${\alpha }^2$ CVn-type star AL Col (HD 46462). The primary objective is to determine its fundamental physical parameters and investigate its surface activity characteristics. Using TESS short-cadence (120 s) SAP flux, we identified a rotational frequency of 0.09655 ${\mathrm{d}}^{-1}$ ($P_{\mathrm{rot}}=10.35733$ d). Wavelet analysis reveals that while the amplitudes of the harmonic components vary over time, the strength of the primary rotational frequency remains stable. A SED analysis of multi-band photometric data yields an effective temperature ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$) of 11,750 K. High-resolution spectroscopic observations covering wavelengthrange 4500–7000 Å provide refined estimates of $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ = 13,814 ± 400 K, $logg$ = 4.09 ± 0.08 dex, and $\upsilon sini$ = 16 ± 1 km s⁻¹. Abundance analysis shows solar-like composition of O ii, Mg ii, S ii, and Ca ii, while helium is under-abundant by 0.62 dex. Rare earth elements (REEs) exhibit over-abundances of up to 5.2 dex, classifying the star as an Ap/Bp-type star. AL Col has a radius of $R=3.74\pm 0.48{\mathrm{R}}_{\odot }$, with its H–R diagram position estimating a mass of $M=4.2\pm 0.2{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ and an age of $0.12\pm 0.01$ Gyr, indicating that the star has slightly evolved from the main sequence. The TESS light curves were modeled using a three-evolving-spot configuration, suggesting the presence of differential rotation. This star is a promising candidate for future investigations of magnetic field diagnostics and the vertical stratification of chemical elements in its atmosphere. Full article

Background/Objectives: No reliable noninvasive biomarkers are available to predict RT-induced cardiotoxicity. Because the pericardial sac is a fast responder to cardiac injury, we investigated whether RT-induced radiographic pericardial changes might serve as early imaging biomarkers for late cardiotoxicity. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 476 patients (210 males, 266 females; median age, 69 years; median follow-up, 26.7 months) treated with chemo-RT for small cell and non-small cell lung cancers at one single institution from 2009 to 2020. The heart and its 4 mm outmost layer (representing the pericardial sac) were contoured on standard-of-care baseline CTs. Six-month post-RT follow-up CTs were deformably registered on the baseline CTs. Data were harmonized for the effect of contrast. We labeled voxels as Fat, Fluid, Heme, Fibrous, and Calcification using Hounsfield units (HUs). We studied pericardial HU-change histograms as well as volume change and voxel-based mass change in each tissue composition. Results: Pericardial HU-change histograms had skewed distributions with a mean that was significantly correlated with mean pericardial dose. Voxels within Fluid, Heme, and Fibrous had mass changes consistent with the dose. In Kaplan–Meier curves, Fibrous and Heme volume changes (translating into thickening and effusion), Fat mass change, mean doses to heart and pericardium, history of cardiac disease, and being male were significantly associated with shorter survival, whereas thickening and effusion were significantly associated with shorter time to a post-RT cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Conclusions: Pericardium composition distribution has dose-dependent changes detectable on standard-of-care CTs at around 6 months post-RT and may serve as surrogate markers for clinically relevant cardiotoxicity. The findings should be validated with additional research. Full article

In the pursuit of active elements for bending and curvature sensors, magneto-optical investigations were performed on bent microwires. For the first time, local surface magnetization reversal curves were obtained from various sides of bent Co-rich and Fe-rich microwires. The observed differences in surface magnetization reversal behavior are directly attributed to the transverse distribution of internal mechanical stresses, which range from maximum tensile stress on the outer side of the bent sample to maximum compressive stress on the inner side. Depending on the sample composition and the nature of local stress, distinct magnetic structures—axial, elliptical, and spiral—were identified in different locations on the surface of the microwire. These findings provide valuable insights into the operational mechanisms of bending-sensitive magnetic sensors. Full article

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disorder with relapsing/remitting characteristics, lacks reliable non-invasive biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring. This study explored salivary exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers to address this unmet clinical need. Using discovery (24 IBD patients [11 active, 13 remission] and 6 healthy controls [HCs]) and validation cohorts (102 IBD patients [53 active, 49 remission] and 18 HCs), we analyzed miRNA profiles via reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated diagnostic performance, with area under the curve (AUC) quantifying discriminatory capacity. Initial screening revealed 23 miRNAs significantly upregulated in IBD salivary exosomes. An 8-miRNA signature distinguished IBD patients from HCs in validation analyses, with five miRNAs (hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-301a-3p, and hsa-miR-4516) showing strong correlations with disease activity. The combination of hsa-miR-16-5p and hsa-miR-4516 achieved robust discrimination (AUC = 0.925 for IBD vs. HCs; AUC = 0.82 for active disease vs. remission). A composite model integrating all five miRNAs demonstrated superior performance (AUC = 1.00 for IBD/HC differentiation; AUC = 0.86 for disease activity assessment). These findings reveal dynamic associations between salivary exosomal miRNA signatures and IBD progression, underscoring their utility as non-invasive diagnostic tools. This approach enables serial sampling, enhances patient compliance, and provides actionable insights for personalized disease management, establishing salivary exosomal miRNAs as promising candidates for clinical translation in IBD care. Full article

Background/Objectives: Microvascular complications are a major source of disability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated whether body composition indices derived from multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) independently predict neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke, and whether they improve risk discrimination beyond the established clinical variables. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study (March 2024–February 2025), 124 adults with T2DM ≥ 12 months attending the outpatient diabetes clinic of the Universidad Técnica de Ambato (Ecuador) were enrolled. After an overnight fast and 15 min supine rest, thirteen whole-body BIA metrics including skeletal muscle mass (SMM), intracellular water (ICW), phase angle (PhA), and visceral fat area (VFA) were obtained with a segmental analyzer (InBody S10). Complications were ascertained with standard clinical and laboratory protocols. Principal component analysis (PCA) summarized the correlated BIA measures; multivariable logistic regression (adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c, BMI, and medication use) generated odds ratios (ORs) per standard deviation (SD). Discrimination was assessed with bootstrapped receiver-operating characteristic curves. Results: The first principal component, driven by SMM, ICW, and PhA, accounted for a median 68% (range 65–72%) of body composition variance across all complications. Each SD increase in SMM lowered the odds of neuropathy (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.71) and nephropathy (OR 0.70, 0.53–0.92), whereas VFA raised the risk of neuropathy (OR 1.55, 1.22–1.97) and retinopathy (OR 1.47, 1.14–1.88). PhA protected most strongly against stroke (OR 0.55, 0.37–0.82). Composite models integrating SMM, PhA, and adiposity indices achieved AUCs of 0.79–0.85, outperforming clinical models alone (all ΔAUC ≥ 0.05) and maintaining good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow p > 0.20). Optimal probability cut-offs (0.39–0.45) balanced sensitivity (0.74–0.80) and specificity (0.68–0.72). Conclusions: A lean tissue BIA signature (higher SMM, ICW, PhA) confers independent protection against neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke, whereas visceral adiposity amplifies the risk. Because the assessment is rapid, inexpensive, and operator-independent, routine multifrequency BIA can be embedded into diabetes clinics to triage patients for early specialist referral and to monitor interventions aimed at preserving muscle and reducing visceral fat, thereby enhancing microvascular risk management in T2DM. Full article

Portable near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) offers the opportunity of a rapid measurement of forage dry matter concentration, allowing producers to make faster adjustments in real time. This study compared dry matter (DM) concentration predictions of three units of a portable near-infrared reflectance spectrometer (pNIRS) with conventional forced-air oven drying (48 h at 60 °C) using corn forage and silage samples. Moreover, a common on-farm method (Koster tester) was also compared. The reflectance curve used by pNIRS to predict DM was obtained by scanning WPCS samples and developed by SciO. A total of 113 whole-plant corn forage (WPCF) and 27 whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) samples from 66 corn hybrids were obtained from three separate experiments conducted between 2018 and 2019. These three experiments were completely independent of each other, with sample collections over different periods. In Experiment 1, all treatments were tested in WPCF, and the DM concentration of the forced-air oven differed from Koster testers (35.4 vs. 34.3% DM, on average, respectively) and all three pNIRS units (35.4 vs. 30.7% DM, on average, respectively), with no differences among pNIRS. All treatments were positively correlated with the forced-air oven treatment DM values. Experiment 2 evaluated the Koster tester and pNIRS in WPCF on farms, and the Koster tester differed from pNIRS (37.2 vs. 33.3% DM, on average, respectively) treatments. All pNIRS were positively correlated with Koster tester treatment. In Experiment 3, all treatments were tested in WPCS, and the DM concentration of the forced-air oven was greater than other treatments (35.3 vs. 32.8% DM, on average, respectively). Overall, Koster tester predictions for both Experiments 1 and 3 were better correlated with the forced-air oven than pNIRS. Additionally, pNIRS showed a lower mean bias, although low coefficients of determination and concordance correlation were observed in Experiment 3 compared to Experiments 1 and 2, which might be related to the prediction curve. Further calibrations of the predictive curve with forage samples would be needed to reasonably estimate the DM concentration of WPCF, whereas a greater number of samples could account for the variations in WPCS due to large heterogeneity in particle composition (e.g., leaves, stem, and kernel), size, and distribution. Full article

Three composite materials, made by inserting the same amount of BiFeO₃/Bi₂₅FeO₄₀ powders (each powder having a different concentration of the secondary phase, Bi₂₅FeO₄₀: 10%, 20%, and 30%) into a silicone rubber (SR) matrix, were investigated to understand their electrical properties. Electrical conductivity measurements of the composite samples were carried out over a frequency range from 0.5 kHz to 2 MHz. The resulting conductivity spectra revealed two distinct regions: a low-frequency plateau corresponding to DC conductivity and a high-frequency region where AC conductivity increases with frequency. Some key electrical parameters, such as DC conductivity and band gap energy, were calculated using these measurements. An increase in Bi₂₅FeO₄₀ concentration resulted in a rise in DC conductivity from 5.61 × 10⁻⁵ S/m to 7.67 × 10⁻⁵ S/m across the composite samples. To gain further insight into the mechanisms of charge transport, both Jonscher’s universal response and the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model were applied. The polaron model was also used to calculate the energy barrier for electrical conduction, but for higher temperatures (where the samples exhibit conductor behavior). The last part of the study was an aging analysis that showed a degradation of the investigated sample, as reflected by a decline in their conductive properties over time. Having no endothermic or exothermic events in the DTA curves, it is clear that the observed variation in conductive properties is not related to phase transitions, but it can be attributed to microstructural mechanisms, such as defects, microcracks, or structural disorders. These results can help in designing composite materials with desirable conductive properties by optimizing their filler concentration and processing conditions. Full article

Coral sand grouting materials can effectively meet the new development requirements of remote island and reef engineering projects, demonstrating significant application value. However, its early-age shrinkage deformation may compromise structural stability. To effectively regulate this early shrinkage behavior, this study investigated the influence of varying dosages of early strength agent (ES), plastic expansive agent (PEA), and post-hardening expansive agent (HP-CSA) on the complete vertical expansion rate curve of coral sand grouting materials during 0–48 h, while comparatively examining the combined effects of composite expansive agents on early autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage characteristics. The results show that during 0–48 h, ES and composite expansive agents can precisely control the activation window of PEA, enabling controllable development of ultra-early vertical expansion in the grouting material, with increased HP-CSA dosage accelerating the progression of the complete vertical expansion rate curve. From 2 to 28 days, the coral sand grouting materials exhibit continuous shrinkage development. An appropriate combination of PEA and HP-CSA effectively synergizes to regulate shrinkage deformation. The drying shrinkage significantly correlates with the water loss rate. Within the scope of this study, when the dosages of ES, PEA, and HP-CSA are 1%, 0.06%, and 4%, respectively, the performance of coral sand grouting materials is relatively good. Full article

To investigate the residual load-bearing capacity of composite steel truss bridge girders after vehicle fire, a 100 m simple supported composite steel truss bridge girder was selected as the research object, and a typical oil tanker fire was taken as the fire scenario. This study identifies the most critical conditions associated with an oil tanker fire and outlines the degradation pattern of the residual load-bearing capacity of composite steel truss bridge girders after a vehicle fire. It also proposes a damage classification standard and an evaluation method for the load-bearing capacity based on the structural failure path and load-displacement curve. The results indicate that the most critical scenario during a vehicle fire occurs when the fire is located on the bridge deck, particularly in the middle section of the longitudinal bridge and the outermost lane of the transverse bridge. During a vehicle fire, the top chord is the component most affected by the thermal history. Under immersion cooling conditions, the remaining load-bearing capacity of the girder decreases more significantly compared with natural cooling. After the fire, the upper chord first reaches the yield strength, causing load transfer to adjacent horizontal inclined members. The stress of the horizontal inclined rod will develop rapidly, leading to structural instability and eventual failure. Four grades of load-bearing capacity damage for composite steel truss bridge girders after vehicle fire are defined to serve as references for practical engineering applications. Full article

This study investigates the hot deformation behaviour and microstructural evolution of two AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel variants: 0A (basic) and 1C (modified). These variants primarily differ in chemical composition, with 0A containing higher austenite-stabilizing elements (C, N) compared to 1C, which features lower interstitial content and slightly higher Si and Cr. This research aimed to optimize hot rolling conditions for enhanced forming properties. Uniaxial hot compression tests were conducted using a Gleeble thermo-mechanical system between 850 and 990 °C at a strain rate of 3.3 s⁻¹, simulating industrial finishing mill conditions. Analysis of flow curves, coupled with detailed microstructural characterization using electron backscatter diffraction, revealed distinct dynamic restoration mechanisms influencing each material’s response. Thermodynamic simulations confirmed significant austenite formation in both materials within the tested temperature range, notably affecting their deformation behaviour despite their initial ferritic state. Material 0A consistently exhibited a strong tendency towards dynamic recrystallization (DRX) across a wider temperature range, particularly at 850 °C. DRX led to a microstructure with a high concentration of low-angle grain boundaries and sharp deformation textures, actively reorienting grains towards energetically favourable configurations. However, under this condition, DRX did not fully complete the recrystallization process. In contrast, material 1C showed greater activity of both dynamic recovery and DRX, leading to a much more advanced state of grain refinement and recrystallization compared to 0A. This indicates that the composition of 1C helps mitigate the strong influence of the deformation temperature on the crystallographic texture, leading to a weaker texture overall than 0A. Full article