Experimental Models and Novel Therapies for Difficult-to-Treat Biofilm-Associated Infections

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2026) | Viewed by 1281

Special Issue Editors

Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: bacterial pathogenic mechanism; biofilm; discovery of alternative therapeutics; microbiome and antibiotic resistance; phage engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: nano/micromaterials for oral healthcare; host-oral microbe interaction; natural/herbal bioactive compounds

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biofilm-associated infections represent a formidable challenge in modern medicine, contributing significantly to persistent and recurrent diseases across clinical settings—from indwelling medical devices to chronic wounds and oral, bacterial biofilm-related infections. These structured microbial communities, encased in protective extracellular matrices, exhibit recalcitrance to conventional antimicrobial therapies and host immune responses, leading to treatment failures and substantial healthcare burdens. Furthermore, the intrinsic resistance mechanisms of biofilms, including metabolic heterogeneity, efflux pumps, and persister cell populations, necessitate innovative therapeutic strategies beyond traditional antibiotics.

This Special Issue of Antibiotics will focus on two critical fronts in this battle: experimental models and novel therapies. Robust, physiologically relevant models—spanning sophisticated in vitro systems, ex vivo tissue models, and advanced in vivo infections—are essential for accurately mimicking the complex biofilm microenvironment and reliably evaluating new interventions. Concurrently, we urgently need to explore and validate groundbreaking therapeutic avenues. This includes, but is not limited to, anti-biofilm agents targeting matrix disruption or quorum sensing, biofilm-penetrating delivery systems, combination therapies, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and immunomodulatory approaches.

We invite original research and insightful reviews that advance our understanding of biofilm biology through innovative models and propel the development of effective, targeted therapies to combat these difficult-to-treat infections.

Dr. Peng Gao
Dr. Xuan Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biofilm-associated infections
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • experimental models (in vitro / in vivo)
  • novel anti-biofilm therapies
  • antibiotic tolerance
  • combination therapy
  • antimicrobial peptides
  • phage therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 2502 KB  
Article
Efficacy of Dual-Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement Against Multi-Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in a Galleria mellonella Model of Periprosthetic Joint Infection
by You Zhao, Gopala Krishna Mannala, Raphaëlle Youf, Martina Humez, Ruth Schewior, Klaus-Dieter Kühn, Volker Alt and Martijn Riool
Antibiotics 2025, 14(12), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14121280 - 17 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1073
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is widely used for local antibiotic delivery in joint arthroplasty to prevent and treat prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of cemented Kirschner (K)-wires coated with various ALBC formulations using a Galleria mellonella [...] Read more.
Background: Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is widely used for local antibiotic delivery in joint arthroplasty to prevent and treat prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of cemented Kirschner (K)-wires coated with various ALBC formulations using a Galleria mellonella infection model against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: We tested commercially available bone cements, including gentamicin-only formulations (PALACOS R+G) and dual-antibiotic formulations, combining gentamicin with either clindamycin (COPAL G+C) or vancomycin (COPAL G+V), alongside an antibiotic-free control (PALACOS R). In vitro assays—including minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) determination, antibiotic release kinetics, agar diffusion, and antibiofilm evaluations—demonstrated effective antibiotic release and significant antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria. Results: In vivo, ALBC-coated K-wires were well tolerated in G. mellonella and significantly protected the larvae from S. aureus infection compared to controls. Notably, dual-antibiotic formulations provided superior protection, correlating with substantial reductions in bacterial colonisation on implant surfaces and in surrounding tissues. Conclusions: These findings support the utility of the G. mellonella model as a high-throughput, cost-effective platform for the preclinical evaluation of antimicrobial strategies to prevent and treat PJIs and further demonstrate the effectiveness of dual-loaded ALBC against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Full article
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