Drivers of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Antibiotic Activity and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 502

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of the Environment & Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Interests: AMR; microbiology; microbial ecology; pathogen dynamics; environmental and public health genomics; multi-omics; microbiome; microbial interactions; bioinformatics; AI/ML

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Human Microbiota – Xenobiotics Interactions, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
Interests: AMR; microbiome; pathogen evolution; microbiology; xenobiotic interaction; public health; bioinformatics; genomics; multi-omics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Statens Serum Institut, Denmark & Copenhagen Microbiome Center, COPMICS, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
Interests: AMR; microbiome; clinical microbiology; host-pathogen interaction; public health; emerging infections

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence among emerging and re-emerging pathogens poses a significant threat to global health. AMR is not limited to human health or clinical settings, but spans diverse environments in which pathogens, hosts, and various ecological forces intersect. These "hotspots" for the evolution of resistance and virulence include healthcare facilities, agricultural settings, urban wastewater systems, soil matrices, and aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the complexity of these interactions necessitates an innovative approach that provides a holistic view of AMR and virulence dynamics. This Special Issue, entitled “Drivers of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens”, will explore the folliwng key areas: the ecological and environmental factors that contribute to the evolution and spread of pathogens with enhanced virulence and resistance profiles; the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying virulence and AMR, including the role of mobile genetic elements, plasmids, and horizontal gene transfer; host–pathogen interactions that drive immune evasion and adaptation strategies; and innovative approaches that utilize advanced genomics tools, artificial intelligence, and machine learning technologies to monitor AMR hotspots and develop predictive models for understanding and mitigating this global threat. By addressing these critical aspects, this Special Issue aims to advance our understanding of the drivers of virulence and AMR, ultimately informing strategies to combat these urgent public health challenges.

Dr. Opeyemi U. Lawal
Dr. Ons Bouchami
Dr. Ingrid Maria Cecilia Rubin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • AMR
  • microbial pathogenesis
  • microbial ecology
  • pathogen dynamics
  • genomic epidemiology
  • multiomics
  • microbial interactions
  • AI/ML

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 2951 KB  
Article
Comparative Relatedness of Clostridioides difficile Strains Isolated from Humans and Companion Dogs in South Korea
by Joo Yeol Kim, Su Min Kwak, Jae Hong Jeong, Jae Young Oh, Kwang-Won Seo, Dongheui An, Dokyun Kim, Seok Hoon Jeong, Chang-Ki Kim, Kwang Jun Lee and Jong-Chan Chae
Antibiotics 2025, 14(12), 1231; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14121231 - 6 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium and a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. In this study, C. difficile strains isolated from human patients with diarrhea and companion dogs in South Korea were compared to reveal the potential transmission between different [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium and a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. In this study, C. difficile strains isolated from human patients with diarrhea and companion dogs in South Korea were compared to reveal the potential transmission between different hosts. Methods: A total of 304 C. difficile strains were isolated, including 217 human isolates and 87 dog isolates. The strains were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and genotypic features, including antimicrobial resistant genes and toxin genes. In addition, comparative genomic analyses were performed to investigate their genetic relatedness. Results: Although antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed no significant difference in overall resistance, human isolates had higher resistance to moxifloxacin and cefotetan, while dog isolates showed slightly higher resistance to clindamycin and ampicillin. Resistance to vancomycin (3.7%), rifampin (8.3%), and chloramphenicol (0.9%) was observed only in human isolates. Toxin genes (tcdA and tcdB) were found in 57.1% of human isolates and 43.7% of dog isolates, while binary toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB) were detected only in isolates from humans. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis identified 34 sequence types (STs) in human isolates and 16 in dog isolates. Among them, 15 STs were detected in the isolates from both origins; notably, ST203 and ST42 were the predominant taxa that were equally derived from humans and dogs. Although tcdA and tcdB have not been previously reported in ST203, they were detected in 7 out of 34 ST203 isolates. The whole genomes of 36 representative isolates belonging to ST42 and ST203 were classified according to the STs of the source origin. Conclusions: These results indicate that similar C. difficile strain populations are present in both humans and companion dogs, which is compatible with interspecies dissemination or circulation of shared strain populations, and may also reflect host adaptation. Full article
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