Using the two-box energy balance model (EBM), we explore the climate system response to radiative forcing generated by variations in the concentrations of stratospheric aerosols and estimate the effect of uncertainties in radiative feedbacks on chang...
Climate change and agriculture influence each other. The effects of climate change on agriculture seem to be predominantly negative, although studies show a large variation in impacts between crops and regions. To compensate for these effects, agricu...
Climate sensitivity and feedback processes are important for understanding Earth’s system response to increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Many modelling groups that contribute to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6)...
Ozone feedback effects on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) were investigated with a chemistry–climate model (CCM) by modifying ozone abundance in the radiative process. Under a standard run for 50 years, the CCM could realistically reproduce the...
Global soil moisture has undergone significant changes in recent decades due to climate change and vegetation greening. However, the seasonal and climate zonal variations in soil moisture dynamics at different depths, driven by both climate and veget...
Studies for the northern high latitudes suggest that, in the near term, increased vegetation uptake may offset permafrost carbon losses, but over longer time periods, permafrost carbon decomposition causes a net loss of carbon. Here, we assess the im...
Anthropogenic climate change threatens production of essential natural resources, including food, fiber, and fresh water, and provisioning of ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, increasing the risk of societal collapse. The Human and Nat...
It is a well-known fact that the observed rise in the Arctic near-surface temperature is more than double the increase in global mean temperature. However, the entire scientific picture of the formation of the Arctic amplification has not yet taken f...
At an energy flux imbalance of about 1 W m−2, the ocean stores 90% of the heat accumulating by global warming. However, neither the causes of this nor the responsible geophysical processes are sufficiently well understood. More detailed investi...
Governments and policymakers are increasingly concerned about climate change. To cope with this inevitable issue, the SDGs-13 target underscores the importance of developing adaptation measures that reduce its adverse effects and ultimately safeguard...
Green vegetation plays a vital role in energy flows and matter cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, and vegetation phenology may not only be influenced by, but also impose active feedback on, climate changes. The phenological events of vegetation such a...
Freshwater reservoirs are widely recognized as methane (CH4) emission hotspots. Existing research has shown that temperature and hydrological conditions significantly affect wetland CH4 cycling processes. However, the feedback of the CH4 cycle to cli...
Groundwater depletion threatens global freshwater resources, necessitating urgent water management and policies to meet current and future needs. However, existing data-intensive approaches to assessments do not fully account for the complex human, c...
Gross primary productivity (GPP) represents total vegetation productivity and is crucial in regional or global carbon balance. The Northeast China (NEC), abundant in vegetation resources, has a relatively large vegetation productivity; however, under...
Global warming (GW) contributions from feedbacks and feedback loops are projected to rise from ≈54% (loops: 29%) in 2024 to ≈71% (loops: 50%) under faltering RCP pathways without Solar Geoengineering (SG) by about 2100. A critical thresho...
The sensitivity of the climate system to an imposed radiative imbalance remains the largest source of uncertainty in projections of future anthropogenic climate change. Here we present further evidence that this uncertainty from an observational pers...
This paper provides climate feedback trends, quantifies the feedback-doubling (FD) period, considers urbanization influences, and provides related equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) estimates using data from 1880 to 2024. Data modeling is accompli...
The cloud longwave (LW) scattering effect has been ignored in most current climate models. To investigate its climate impact, we apply an eight-stream DIScrete Ordinates Radiative Transfer (DISORT) scheme to include the cloud LW scattering in the Gen...
A Chicxulub-like asteroid event occurs, on average, approximately every ~27 to 200 million years. Therefore, such an event could happen presently. Here, we simulate the climatic anomalies it may cause with respect to the current conditions, assuming...
We examine the changes in clouds and cloud feedback between Phase 5 (AMIP5) and Phase 6 (AMIP6) of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Each model is perturbed by uniformly increasing the sea surface temperature by 4 K. The simulated cloud...
Surface albedo plays a controlling role in the surface energy budget, and albedo-induced radiative forcing has a significant impact on climate and environmental change (e.g., global warming, snow and ice melt, soil and vegetation degradation, and urb...
Limited understanding of the climate system imposes upon policy makers an intimate reliance on results from Earth System Models (ESMs). However, climate simulations are necessarily incomplete since many strong channels through planetary scale biology...
Arid ecosystems are known to be sensitive to climate change. The Jornada Basin in the USA, as one representative of arid land, has suffered from land degradation in recent decades. In order to disentangle the climate–vegetation feedback, we ana...
The goal of this paper is to provide an initial assessment of water-vapor feedback (WVF) in humid urban heat island (UHI) environments based on temperature difference data. To achieve this, a novel temperature difference WVF model was developed that...
Addressing climate change and advancing clean energy transitions demand holistic approaches that capture complex, interconnected system behaviors. This review focuses on the application of causal loop diagrams (CLDs) as a core systems-thinking method...
Global warming is one of the greatest threats to the social development of human beings. It is a typical example of global climate change, and has profoundly affected human production and life in various aspects. As the foundation of human existence,...
This pioneering study examined the complex interplay between climate changes and landscape ecological dynamics through a spatiotemporal analysis (1980–2023) of China’s climatically vulnerable Qinling Mountains. The results revealed signif...
International agreements on climate change have highlighted the role of land in climate and human dynamics, making it an issue of global importance. The modelling of land-related processes, sectors, and activities has recently become a central topic...
Recent research in financial economics has shown that rare large disasters have the potential to disrupt financial sectors via the destruction of capital stocks and jumps in risk premia. These disruptions often entail negative feedback effects on the...
Climate warming is expected to increase fire frequency in many productive obligate seeder forests, where repeated high-intensity fire can initiate stand conversion to alternative states with contrasting structure. These vegetation–fire interactions m...
Precambrian tropical glaciation is an enigma of Earth’s climate. Overlooking fundamental difference of land/sea icelines, it was equated with a global frozen ocean, which is at odds with the sedimentary evidence of an active hydrological cycle,...
Modern observations and geological records suggest that anthropogenic ocean warming could destabilise marine methane hydrate, resulting in methane release from the seafloor to the ocean-atmosphere, and potentially triggering a positive feedback on gl...
The Community Long-term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) retrieves multiple Essential Climate Variables (ECV) about the vertical atmosphere from hyperspectral infrared measurements made by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sou...
We integrated a mechanistic wildfire simulation system with an agent-based landscape change model to investigate the feedbacks among climate change, population growth, development, landowner decision-making, vegetative succession, and wildfire. Our g...
Soil microbial communities face the combined pressures of climate change and biodiversity loss, yet how these stressors interact to shape ecosystem function remains a critical uncertainty. To investigate this, we established a constructed grassland p...
To examine the evidence of global warming, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in the statistical analysis of time-dependent meteorological data. In this paper, for 116 observational stations in the world, sequential variations of the...
Tropical peatlands store approximately 105 gigatons of carbon (GtC), serving as vital long-term carbon sinks, yet remain critically underrepresented in climate policy. Indonesia peatlands contain 57GtC—the largest tropical peatland carbon stock...
Utilizing the reduced-complexity model Hector, a regional scale analysis was conducted quantifying the possible effects climate change may have on dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions within the oceans. The investigation began with a review of the sulfur...
Energy efficiency is, in principle, a simple idea: an output of human value, for example, vehicle-km traveled, divided by the needed input energy. Efficiency improvements are regarded as an important means of mitigating not only climate change, but a...
Conventional methods used for solving greenhouse environment multi-objective conflict control problems lay excessive emphasis on control performance and have inadequate consideration for both energy consumption and special requirements for plant grow...
The remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO2 emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas,...
Vegetation, as one of the crucial underlying land surfaces, plays an important role in terrestrial ecosystems and the Earth’s climate system through the alternation of its phenology, type, structure, and function [...]
The Mediterranean region has been identified as a climate change hotspot, and 13 case studies of extreme rainfall events (EREs) make it possible to categorize convective systems according to whether they are tropical-like or extratropical cyclones. T...
Earth’s climate is warming, and there is evidence that increased temperature alters soil C cycling, which may result in a self-reinforcing (positive), microbial mediated feedback to the climate system. Though soil microbes are major drivers of soil C...
Recent studies have explored the use of simple correlative models to project changes in future burnt areas (BAs) around the globe. However, estimates of future fire danger suffer from the critical shortcoming that feedbacks on climate change effects...
The importance of cold-water blue carbon as biological carbon pumps that sequester carbon into ocean sediments is now being realised. Most polar blue carbon research to date has focussed on deep water, yet the highest productivity is in the shallows....
A key question for the evolution of thermokarst wetlands and lakes in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost regions is how large-scale warming interacts with local landscape conditions in driving permafrost thaw and its spatial variability. To answer this...
Atmospheric CO2 dynamics in forest ecosystems are dependent on interactions between photosynthesis, respiration, and turbulent mixing processes; however, the carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 (δ13C) is not well established due to limited...
To explore changes in proteins and metabolites under stress circumstances, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics methods are used. In-depth research over the previous ten years has gradually revealed the fundamental processes of plants’ respon...
The ANEMI model is an integrated assessment model of global change that emphasizes the role of water resources. Securing water resources for the future is a key issue of global change and ties into global systems of population growth, climate change...
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