Search Results (1,204)

Background: Body physique refers to body size, structure, and composition. PS is used to describe the profile of athletes in different sports. Aims: To determine body physique and body fat percentage in elite athletes using the Hattori chart and to identify the elite zone. Methods: Scoping review. The search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid Books, CAB eBooks, Clarivate InCites, MyiLibrary, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis Online, Core Collection, and Scopus. The search strategy was “body physique” OR “anthropometric” OR “body composition” AND “elite athlete” OR “athlete” OR “elite”. Results: Using indirect methods, elite athletes showed intermediate solid body physique (male) and lean intermediate body physique (female), and 13.6% ± 3.6% (male) and 22.3% ± 2.8 (female) body fat. Using doubly indirect methods, elite athletes showed lean intermediate body physique (male), and intermediate body physique (female), and a percentage of body fat of 13.7% ± 5.2% (male) and of 21.7% ± 4.3% (female) of body fat. Conclusions: Hattori’s chart facilitates the visualization of changes in body mass index, fat-free mass index, fat mass index, and percentage of body fat, helping personalize training, monitor composition changes, and guide nutrition programs to optimize performance and health. Full article

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives have gained increasing attention in the hotel industry, yet the consumer-level psychological processes through which such activities relate to booking intentions remain incompletely understood. This study aims to examine how hotel ESG activities are associated with consumers’ booking intentions by focusing on the mediating roles of corporate image and consumer trust, as well as the moderating role of environmental awareness. Survey data were collected from consumers with recent hotel stay experiences in China and analyzed using a dual-method approach, combining partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results show that social and governance activities are positively associated with corporate image, whereas environmental and social activities are positively associated with consumer trust. Corporate image and consumer trust are, in turn, associated with higher booking intentions, while environmental awareness strengthens only the relationship between environmental activities and corporate image. In addition, the fsQCA results reveal multiple configurational pathways through which different combinations of ESG activities and consumer psychological responses are associated with high booking intention. Overall, the findings suggest that hotel ESG initiatives relate to booking intentions through differentiated psychological mechanisms and multiple pathways. Full article

Cross-modal and immersive technologies offer new opportunities for experiential learning in early childhood, yet few studies examine integrated systems that combine multimedia, mini-games, 3D exploration, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) within a unified environment. This article presents the design and implementation of the Solar System Experience (SSE), a cross-modal extended reality (XR) learning suite developed for preschool education and deployable on low-cost hardware. A dual-perspective evaluation captured both preschool teachers’ adoption intentions and preschool learners’ experiential responses. Fifty-four teachers completed an adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire, while seventy-two students participated in structured sessions with all SSE components and responded to a 32-item experiential questionnaire. Results show that teachers held positive perceptions of cross-modal XR learning, with Subjective Norm emerging as the strongest predictor of Behavioral Intention. Students reported uniformly high engagement, with AR and the interactive eBook receiving the highest ratings and VR perceived as highly engaging yet accompanied by usability challenges. The findings demonstrate how cross-modal design can support experiential learning in preschool contexts and highlight technological, organizational, and pedagogical factors influencing educator adoption and children’s in situ experience. Implications for designing accessible XR systems for early childhood and directions for future research are discussed. Full article

Regarding Judah’s exilic realities and forced migration experience, this article proposes that the sage responsible for this poem functioned as a carrier group in articulating a narrative of collective trauma. The paper begins by summarizing key components of cultural trauma theory as developed by Jeffrey C. Alexander. It also situates the shared socio-historical context of the final textual forms of Jeremiah and Proverbs within the exilic/post-exilic realities of the Judahite community. It next traces the trope of wine inebriation across several Jeremiah texts, focusing especially on Jeremiah 25:15–29 to show how this motif is integrally woven into the book’s overarching themes of indictment, judgment, and exile. A conventional wisdom reading of Proverbs 23:29–35 yields a moralistic warning about the self-destructive cycle of wine intoxication of the fools in the book of Proverbs. But a cultural trauma hermeneutic of the poem—when paired with intertextual echoes of Jeremiah 25:15–29—opens the poem to a deeper reading. Within this framework, the sapiential poem emerges as a creative, dramatic and theologically rich act of trauma storytelling, depicting foolish Judah’s metaphorical intoxication as an embodiment of exilic indictment, woes and suffering, yet gesturing toward the possibility of healing and restoration through wisdom reflection and re-narration of their past. Full article

Formal verification has achieved remarkable outcomes in both theory advancement and engineering practice, with the formalization of mathematical theories serving as its foundational cornerstone—making this process particularly critical. Axiomatic set theory underpins modern mathematics, providing the rigorous basis for constructing almost all theories. Landau’s Foundations of Analysis starts with pure logical axioms from set theory, does not rely on geometric intuition, strictly constructs number systems, and is a benchmark for axiomatic analysis in modern mathematics. In this paper, we first develop a machine proof system for axiomatic set theory rooted in the Morse–Kelley(MK) system. This system encompasses effective proof automation, scale simplification, and specialized handling of the classification axiom for ordered pairs. We then prove the Transfinite Recursion Theorem, leveraging it to further prove the Recursion Theorem for natural numbers—the key result for defining natural number operations. Finally, we detail the implementation of a machine proof system for analysis, which adopts MK as its description language and adheres to Landau’s Foundations of Analysis. This formalization realized all the contents of the book from natural numbers to complex numbers. All formalization does not need to introduce the standard library and has undergone verification by Rocq(Coq) 8.16 to ensure reliability. Implemented using the Rocq proof assistant, the formalization has undergone verification to ensure reliability. This work holds broader applicability such as the formalization of point-set topology and abstract algebra, while also serving as a valuable resource for teaching axiomatic set theory and mathematical analysis. Full article

The article presents a blockchain-based architecture for decentralized electricity trading that tokenizes energy delivery rights and cash-flows. Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs) are implemented as NFTs, while buy/sell orders are encoded as ERC-1155 tokens whose tokenId packs a time slot and price, enabling precise matching across hours. A clearing smart contract (Matcher) burns filled orders, mints an NFT option, and issues two ERC-20 assets: PT, the right to consume kWh within a specified interval, and YT, the producer’s claim on revenue. We propose a simple, linearly increasing discounted buyback for YT within the slot and introduce an aggregating token, IndexYT, which accumulates YTs across slots, redeems them at par at maturity, and gradually builds on-chain reserves—turning IndexYT into a liquid, yield-bearing instrument. We outline the PT/YY lifecycle, oracle-driven policy controls for DSO (e.g., transfer/splitting constraints), and discuss transparency, resilience, and capital efficiency. The contribution is a Pendle-inspired split of electricity into Principal/Yield tokens combined with a time-stamped on-chain order book and IndexYT, forming a programmable market for short-term delivery rights and yield derivatives with deterministic settlement. Full article

John Adams asserted that the historical summation of republican political thought can be found in one writer: Polybius of Megalopolis. More clearly than any other, Polybius articulated those qualities that define good statesmen and citizens and make republics strong and successful. This article will examine this claim by bringing new historical analysis to Book 6 of Polybius’ Histories in order to identify the republican virtues important to Polybius. Polybius believed that Rome survived its early defeats in the Second Punic War and emerged triumphant over all of its enemies due to a unique combination of morals and merits that characterized good statesmen and strong republics. These extended deeper than political institutions and into the social fabric that bound the Roman people together and defined their relationships with one another, both in their homes as citizens and on campaign as soldiers. This article will work through Polybius’ analysis and show how Rome’s constitution used political institutions to suppress civic vices; armies in the field to cultivate civic service, sacrifice, and skill; military camps to shape public notions of duty, honor, and shame; and Roman families—as exemplified in public funerals—to habituate and showcase personal and civic virtues. Full article

As a task in the digital preservation of calligraphy stone inscriptions, an invaluable cultural heritage, style classification faces prominent challenges: insufficient feature representation of single-channel rubbings, and difficulties in effectively capturing the complex strokes and spatial layouts inherent to calligraphic works. To tackle these issues, an efficient deep learning model integrated with the dual-path attention mechanism of Bottleneck Attention Module (BAM) is proposed in this paper, which is designed to achieve accurate and efficient classification of calligraphy styles. With the lightweight network EfficientNetB2 as its backbone, this model innovatively integrates the BAM. It realizes the channel-spatial collaborative attention in calligraphy analysis, with the weight of stroke structure features increased to over 85%. Through the synergistic effect of channel attention and spatial attention, the model’s ability to extract stroke structure and spatial layout features from calligraphy images is significantly enhanced. The experimental results on the stratified sampling dataset show that the model achieves an accuracy of 98.44% on the test set, a confusion matrix recall rate of 94.80%, an F1-score of 0.9675, a precision of 0.8690, and a macro-averaged Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.9694. To further validate the effectiveness of the BAM module and the necessity of its dual-path design, we conducted a systematic ablation experiment analysis. The experiment used EfficientNet-B2 as the baseline model and sequentially compared the contributions of different attention mechanisms. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper balances efficiency and performance, and holds practical significance in fields such as ancient book authentication and calligraphy research. Full article

This study focuses on Quanti Xinlun (1851), translated and compiled by the Protestant missionary Benjamin Hobson in the late Qing dynasty, examining how the Western anatomical knowledge it introduced challenged and reshaped the traditional Chinese conception of the body grounded in Visceral Manifestation theory. The research finds that the book’s influence was achieved through multiple mechanisms, including conceptual innovation, visual representation, and the creation of terminology. Although Hobson’s original motivation for translation was rooted in Natural Theology, its scientific core was selectively appropriated by the late Qing intellectual community, becoming a tool to address indigenous academic and ideological predicaments. This study argues that Quanti Xinlun facilitated a significant paradigm shift: on the level of the conception of the body, it used the physical body to challenge the traditional perception of a functional, qi-based organism; on the epistemological level, it invoked the authority of empirical positivism to challenge the scholarly method of text-based classicism. This fundamental shift in epistemology not only spurred the medical trend of thought known as “Convergence of Chinese and Western Medicine” but also laid the cornerstone for the modernization of modern Chinese medical education and even the entire knowledge system. Full article

Bias and hallucinations in low-resource cultural artefacts significantly impede text-to-image generation models from understanding and disseminating. Focusing on Tibetan as a Chinese minority culture, we produced a children’s picture book through two methods: AI generation and human illustrator. Eye-tracking experiments were employed to investigate participants’ implicit attitudes, aesthetic biases, and cultural perceptions towards these two sources. The results revealed that (1) the hand-drawn group demonstrated higher fidelity to Tibetan culture, exhibiting a positive aesthetic calibration effect in terms of cultural adaptability owing to viewers’ attention duration to the cultural symbols details. (2) The AI-generated group elicited greater viewer interest and emotional engagement through its asymmetric color palettes, especially in color richness and stylistic rendering, and achieved professional-level compositional maturity in multi-character scene generation. This study provides empirical evidence to inform the division of labor between humans and AI in children’s book illustration and explores potential models for future human-AI collaboration. Full article

Background: Traditional fermented foods from Türkiye are integral components of the nation’s culinary heritage, reflecting a remarkable diversity shaped by local practices and ecosystems. These products embody region-specific microbial communities, often conceptualized as a “microbial terroir,” which influence their sensory qualities, nutritional value, and health-promoting properties. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and included a systematic review and bibliometric analysis. A structured search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 15 January 2025 using predefined keywords related to Turkish fermented foods and fermentation processes. Records were screened based on language (English or Turkish) and document type (articles, reviews, book chapters, and early access). A total of 1464 studies met the eligibility criteria, reflecting a 2.81% annual growth rate and a 12.7% international co-authorship rate. Bibliometric analysis was performed using the bibliometrix R package (RStudio 2024.12.1) and the biblioshiny interface. Results: The analysis revealed that the diversity of microbial consortia in Turkish fermented foods contributes to their distinctive characteristics, including enhanced nutritional profiles, probiotic potential, and food safety attributes. Emerging studies employing omics technologies—such as next-generation sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics—have expanded our understanding of fermentation ecosystems. Additionally, the growing integration of artificial intelligence supports predictive modeling and process optimization for advanced quality control. Conclusion: This synthesis highlights the significant technological, nutritional, and cultural value of Türkiye’s traditional fermented foods. Future directions should include omics-based translational research, indigenous starter culture development, and strengthened international collaborations to support sustainable and competitive functional food innovation. Full article

This study examines the effects of trust in AI, willingness to accept AI, and perceptions of AI performance on brand loyalty in the hospitality industry. The study further posits that purchase intentions mediate the relationship between understudied independent variables and brand loyalty. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model, Unified Theory of Acceptance Use of Technology UTAUT, and Trust–Satisfaction theory as the theoretical foundation, the study posits seven hypotheses. Data were collected via an online platform; ultimately, 183 participants participated in the survey. The study tests the hypotheses using Hayes’s Macro PROCESS Model 4 mediation, where the direct and indirect effects were established. The study observes that the direct and indirect effects of trust in AI and the perceived performance of AI on brand loyalty were significant. However, only the indirect effect was significant for the willingness to accept AI on brand loyalty. These observations show that the use of AI-enabled services enhances a stronger intention to book, leading to an improved brand loyalty. The results extend the body of knowledge in this area by linking the unified framework of trust in AI, AI perceived performance, and willingness to accept AI to brand loyalty in the hospitality industry. For managers and hoteliers, this finding is clear, emphasising that the transparent and reliable use of AI enhances purchase intentions and improves brand loyalty. Full article

Sweet bags were small, embroidered textile pouches used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to carry fragrant substances, money, books, sewing tools, mirrors, or other personal items. They were often exchanged as gifts, used to preserve clothing in wardrobes, or used to protect against contaminated air. Beyond their material function, both their name and some of their uses suggest an olfactory dimension, as they were typically filled with aromatic herbs—combinations frequently recorded in recipe books, medical, and household manuals, including Countrey Contentments, or The English Husvvife, Praxis Medicinæ, or The Physitian’s Practise, and Exenterata, among others. Through close reading and literary analysis of such primary sources combined with a sensory approach, this article traces the possible ingredients of these pouches in Early Modern recipes and argues that their olfactory content positions them as objects of the “olfactory gaze” (Verbeek), thereby transforming them into elements of olfactory heritage. Ultimately, the article seeks to recreate the olfactory component of sweet bags within recipe-related practices, and broader domestic traditions of Early Modern England. Full article

A secure and sustainable building access control system plays a vital role in protecting organisational assets worldwide. Physical access management at Auckland University of Technology (AUT) is still primarily done through traditional card-based authentication. The system is susceptible to replay and cloning attacks because the conventional Mifare Classic credentials employ outdated Crypto1 encryption. Such weaknesses provide significant threats in laboratories, engineering testing facilities, and research and technological areas that require strict security procedures. To overcome the above issues, we propose a secure and sustainable university building access control system using mobile app credentials. This research grounded a thorough risk analysis of the university’s current infrastructure, mapping potential operational continuity threats. We analyse card issuance records by identifying high-risk areas such as restricted laboratories and evaluating the resilience of the current Gallagher–Salto system against cloning and replay attacks. We quantify the distribution and usage of cards that are vulnerable. To evaluate the risks to operational continuity, the system architecture is examined. Additionally, a trial implementation of the Gallagher Mobile Connect platform was conducted, utilising cloud registration, multi-factor authentication (PIN or biometrics), and books. Pilot implementation shows that mobile-based credentials improve user experience, align with AUT’s environmental sustainability roadmap, and increase resilience against known attacks. Results have shown that our proposed mobile credentials can improve the system performance up to 80%. Full article

Dies Buch gehört dem König (This Book Belongs to the King), written and published in 1843 by the German Romantic author Bettina von Arnim, is a quasi-open letter, presented as a series of fictional dialogues with traces of a novel. Dedicated to the newly crowned King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, the letter unfolds social grievances and aims to persuade Friedrich Wilhelm to act like a just king. Due to its delicate socio-critical impetus, the letter does so through strategies of obfuscation and by using a richly pictorial, seemingly naive and lavish way of speech rather than taking an openly reproachful stance. Crucially, von Arnim does not install herself as the letter’s speaker but instead fictionalizes the letter and presents Goethe’s mother, Catharina Elisabeth Goethe, as the letter’s primary voice (‘Frau Rat’). By using a well-respected figure of the ruling class as the letter’s main voice, von Arnim aimed at minimizing its scandalous potential. But even prior to publishing the letter, von Arnim had already managed to trick Friedrich Wilhelm and the Prussian censors herself: by fusing the book’s title and dedication, she paratextually outwitted both the censors and the King, whose permission she sought precisely to bypass Prussian censorship. This article shows how von Arnim managed to avoid a larger scandal both textually by implementing semi-fictional devices and paratextually by presenting the letter as an affirmation of Friedrich Wilhelm IV and his policies. Full article